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Editorial Note

CONTINUOUS PRODUCTION OF PHARMACEUTICALS

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Dr. Kal Renganathan Sharma

Department of Physics, College of Science and Technology

Rm 228 Spearman Technology

Bldg.Texas Southern University

3100 Cleburne Street

Houston, TX 77004

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Chemical engineering principles can be applied to scale-up formulations of drugs into large production in continuous manner. There are number of advantages for preferring continuous processes over batch modes. The quality will be higher, process cost will be lower. Capital investment and plant costs can be depreciated over reasonable periods of time. Centralized control is possible in continuous processes. The raw materials can be procured in whole sale prices. The finishing operations for the product such as formation of capsules, coating, coloring etc can be sewn into the process flow with benefit. Productivity will be higher and product uniformity will be more. The residence time in the reactors can be lowered and the throughput can be increased. Less manual labor is required. Inventory costs will be on the lower side. Enviromental impact is more benign in the case of continuous process compared with batch mode. Depending on the demand optimal strategies can be devised. Some times space can be minimized for the same throughput. [Read More]

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Editor's note

$1000 Genome is within reach

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The quest is on to map every known function of every test organism in the universe to the protein signals. Protein signals are linked then to genes in eukoryotes. According to M. Schena who along with his professor Davis pioneered the microarray analysis method in order to obtain sequencing information from gene expression studies, �human disease is going to be eradicated as we know it by the year 2050�.The HGP, human genome project was completed ahead of time. ..................Read more,click on HTML .

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Review article

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a highly heterogeneous disease which would benefit from the adoption of a stratified medicine approach, to improve outcomes for patients and reduce costs to the healthcare system. SSc is orphan of disease activity biomarkers, as the current gold standard prognostic test: the modified Rodnan skin score (MRSS) is flawed. The MRSS has been shown to be unreliable, insensitive to change and not specific in measuring skin fibrosis. Physical measurements of skin thickness, genetic risk factors and autoantibodies may all allow patient stratification, however as proteins are the mediators of biological function; proteomics may offer the best approach .................Read more ,click on HTML.

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Upcoming Artcle

Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy precipitated by positive emotion, recurrence in same patient. Understanding the facts and review of literature.

Abstract:- Author Details:-

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Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy is a rare but well described entity. The disease is also known as stress induced cardiomyopathy or apical ballooning syndrome. As the name implies, it is usually but not always associated with an antecedent stressful event. Almost all cases of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy are triggered by negative stressors such as anger, grief, and anxiety. Some cases are triggered by physical exertion. Complete recovery is the most common outcome and recurrence is very rare. It is also called broken heart syndrome. It mimics acute coronary syndrome and the correct diagnosis is based on angiographic finding of apical ballooning in absence of significant coronary obstruction. This article reports a unique case of recurrence of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy not described before triggered by a positive emotion in same patient. To our knowledge, this is the only case report of recurrence twice following positive emotion as the trigger in same patient. This patient condition on contrary can be called � happy heart syndrome or may be "laughter disaster". �The patient had an uneventful course following both episodes. The article also reviews briefly the literature available on etiology, pathogenesis and prognosis.

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1.Dr Lakshmi Kant Pathak, MD, MRCP, FACP

Sanford Medical Center

University Of North Dakota, Fargo, USA

2.Dr Chirag Chavda, MD

Methodist Health system, Dallas, USA

3.Dr Mohamed Mohamed, MD

Sanford Medical Center

University Of North Dakota, Fargo, USA

4. Dr Vimala Vijayaraghavan, MD

Caribbean Medical University, Chicago. USA.

The Impact of Operator Education Level on the Safety and Tolerability of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation.

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The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the NeuroStar Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Therapy system for the treatment of major depressive disorder in the fall of 2008. Since that time more than 175 devices have been placed in both public and private practice settings. Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) therapy requires psychiatric prescription and supervision, however there are no specific standards articulated by the FDA, the State Boards of Medicine or the State Boards of Nursing regarding TMS Operator qualification. Neuronetics, the manufacturer of the NeuroStar TMS Therapy systems holds that the device is so safe and well tolerated that anyone may be trained to be an effective and safe TMS Operator. Registered Nurse (RN)/Medical Doctor (MD) TMS Operators predominate in hospital, academic and institutional settings, whereas unlicensed allied health workers predominate in private practice settings. Using both quantitative and qualitative research methodologies, this study demonstrated the safety and tolerability of TMS therapy provided by non-RN/MD TMS Operators in our communities. This study suggests a role for a future prospective randomized controlled trial to demonstrate the efficacy of TMS provided by non-RN/MD TMS Operators.

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Svensson, Travis K. RN, MD, PhD

Associate Professor, School of Nursing and Health Professions

University of San Francisco

Adjunct Clinical Professor, Department of Family Medicine

Sanford Medical Center

Assistant Clinical Professor, Department of Psychiatry

University of California San Francisco.

Gene Silencing of IL-13 by siRNA Aerosol Inhalation Inhibits Asthma Phenotype in the Murine Model of Asthma.

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Abstract:- Author Details:-

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Background: interleukin-13 has been shown to be a critical mediator of the asthma phenotype. It was reported that intravenously administration of the IL-13 siRNA in vivo reduced airway resistance significantly in the murine asthma model.
Objectives: This study was intended to investigate whether aerosol inhalation of IL-13 siRNA was effective in reduce IL-13 expression and thus attenuated asthma phenotype.
Methods: The ovalbumin (OVA)-challenged mouse model of asthma was used to assess the effect of IL-13 interference. Airway inflammation in lung tissue was assessed using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E). The mRNA expression of IL-13 gene was determined using real-time PCR.
Results: Aerosol inhalation of the IL-13 siRNA was shown to reduce the expression of IL-13 and reduced airway inflammation in lung tissues compared with control group.
Conclusion: Our results demonstrated the effectiveness of aerosol inhalation of IL-13 siRNA in preventing airway inflammation in vivo and suggested potential therapeutic applications.

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Guo Chen1, Zhenghua Nib2, Qingge Chen1, Xiongbiao Wang1,*

Affiliation:

1 Department of Respiratory Medicine, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200062, PR China

2 Central lab, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200062, PR China

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Acute Toxicity, Analgesic Activity of Nepetagranatensis Essential Oil.

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To evaluate the acute toxicity and the peripheral and central analgesic activity of the genus Nepeta, we studied the essential oil of Nepetagranatensis Boiss spontaneous species of Morocco. We have obtained the essential oil of N. granatensis by microwave irradiation and identified by GC-MS. Female mice IOPS ofa,20-30g,were used to study the acute toxicity, as well as for the peripheral analgesic activity (Koster test). However, the study of the central analgesic activity (tail flick test) was conducted on rats Waster 250-350g. Doses of 25mg/kg and 50mg/kg of EO were administered intraperitoneally for both peripheral and central analgesic activities. The identification of the EO led to 25 constituent whose nepetalactone is the major product. The essential oil revealed a LD50 of 1000mg/kg. Koster test has shown a major protective power against abdominal cramps 74, 11 % at 25mg/kg and reached 86.77 % at 50mg/kg. However, the reflex time in the tail flick test exceeded the threshold of pain inhibition, which reached 8.46 s for the 50mg/kg dose. EO had proved a low acute toxicity, and a great potential analgesic activity type ASA and morphine- like at 5Omg/kg, which is probably due to its richness in nepetalactone.

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Bouchra Rahmouni1*, Katim Alaoui2,El Houcine Bouidida1,2,3,Malika chammache4, Mohammed Sghir Taleb5,Yahia Cherrah2, AbdelkaderIl Idrissi1 Affiliation 1.Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Plants chemistry, Organic and Bio- Organic Synthesis, Faculty of Sciences,University MohammedV, Agdal, Rabat, BP 1014, Morocco 2.Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Rabat, Morocco 3.National Drug Control Laboratory,Direction of Drug and Pharmacy, Ministry of Health, BP 6203, Rabat-Institutes, Rabat, Morocco 4.Department of Chemistry, heterocyclic chemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, University MohammedV, Agdal, Rabat, Morocco, Rabat, BP 1014, Morocco 5.Department of Botany and Plant Ecology, Scientific Institute, University Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco

Gastroprotective Activity of Hericium erinaceus on Gastric Injury Rat Model Induced by Glacial Acetic Acid and Pyloric Ligation

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Abstract:- Author Details:-

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This study investigated the effects of Hericium erinaceus extracts against gastric ulcer by glacial acetic acid combining pyloric ligation acute gastric ulcer rat model. Rats were randomly assigned to 9 groups including control, model, cimetidine (0.04 g.kg-1.d-1), HTG-2-S (2.0 g.kg-1.d-1), HTG-2-S (0.5 g.kg-1.d-1), HTG-2-S (0.125 g.kg-1.d-1), HTG-2-P (2.0 g.kg-1.d-1), HTG-2-P (0.5 g.kg-1.d-1) and HTG-2-P (0.125 g.kg-1.d-1). Drugs were given intragastrically once daily for 14 consecutive days. At the end of experiment, 2 mL of 14.5 mmol/L glacial acetic acid was administered intragastrically, and pylorus was ligated with 3% pentobarbital sodium anesthesia to establish acute gastric ulcer rat models. Variables including gastric acidity, area of gastric ulcer, gastric H&E staining and activities of pepsin, trypsin, and lipase were investigated. The results showed that HTG-2-P (2 g.kg-1.d-1), HTG-2-P (0.125 g.kg-1.d-1) and HTG-2-S (0.5 g.kg-1.d-1) could raise the pH of gastric acid back to normal (p < 0.01 or p < 0.05). Compared with the model group, HTG-2-S (2 g.kg-1.d-1), HTG-2-S (0.5 g.kg-1.d-1), HTG-2-P (2 g.kg-1.d-1), HTG-2-P (0.5 g.kg-1.d-1), and HTG-2-P (0.125 g.kg-1.d-1) could significantly reduce the gastric ulcer area and lower the activity of pepsin (p < 0.01 or p < 0.05). All dose groups of HTG-2-S and HTG-2-P were able to alleviate inflammatory cell infiltration in gastric mucous and submucous layers of rats. Therefore we confirmed that extracts of Hericium erinaceus possessed remarkably protective effects against acute gastric ulcer in rats.

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Fu Wen-Juan1, Chen Ju2, Ke Jian1, Yu Wen-Hui1, Wang Lan-Ying2, Wu Ding-Tao2, Xiong Ai-Hua1, Nie Hong1* and Zhao Jing2*

1.Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.

2.State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China

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Sexual Harassment: University Stigmata

Abstract:- Author Details:-

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The recurrence of rapes, stalking, jokes and other types of opression against women in renowned universities raises a question: how is it possible to occur so many cases of sexual violence in this setting, where freedom of expression, criticality and equality are paramount values? Our research revealed many scenarios of sexual abuse, such as Columbia University, State University of S�o Paulo (USP) and Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), besides other institutions in China, Mozambique and United Kingdom. In most cases the university, that has a lack of legislation about sexual violence, underestimated the act severity and the aggressor did not undergo major punishments. It was also largely reported alcohol association with harassment, harasser's threat and victim's fear to deal with the situation. We concluded that this phenomenon has a multifactorial cause, including victim�s ignorance about their rights and social hedonist perception of life. The criticality, dignity and equality must be rescued in the academic setting by the University, that has the obligation to provide a safe environment for women to become politically active and knowledgeable of their rights.

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Kanda, Raquel, G*.,(Junior Fellow),Fran�a, Bianca, M.,(Junior Fellow),Cerino, Elizabelle, G.,(Junior Fellow),Baima, Eduardo, F.,(Junior Fellow), Lima,Jobson, N.F.,(Junior Fellow),Feitosa,Uilna, N. S,Dr.Lima, N�dia Nara, R.,Dr.Damasceno, K�cia, S.,Dr. Kanda, Paulo, M.,(PhD), Rolim-Neto, Modesto, L.(PhD).

1.Federal University of Cariri, Divine Savior Street, 284, Center, Barbalha, Ceara, Brazil.

2.Institutional Program for Scientific Initiation (PIBIC) / National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) fellow at Faculty of Medicine

3.Federal University of Cariri, Barbalha, Ceara, Brazil. Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences - Faculty of Medicine of ABC, Santo Andr�, S�o Paulo, Brazil

4.Neurovale. The electroencephalograph (EEG) laboratory. Taubat�. S�o Paulo, Brazil

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Disseminated histoplasmosis in the child with diabetes mellitus: Case Report

Abstract:- Author Details:-

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Background: Diabetes and HIV infection are common co-morbid conditions of disseminated Histoplasmosis.

Case report: This study reports a case of disseminated histoplasmosis in a 4 year old boy with type 1 diabetes mellitus history diagnosed a year before. He was admitted with high fever and cough in pediatric emergency. The child evaluated with more productive cough, hepatosplenomegaly, generalized painful lymph node, whitish plaques in the oral cavity, angular cheilitis and ocular disease (erythema in the sclera and bilateral conjunctiva, leftmost). Diagnosis was based on histopathological examination, culture, bacterioscopy and PCR. Despites the adequate treatment, patient developed blinds in the left eye.

Conclusion: After all, we conclude that histoplasmosis became an important public health problem due to the high number of immunocompromised patients, what makes it important the attention on differential diagnosis

Claudio Gleidiston Lima da Silva, Raquel Melo Vieira, Eudes Alves Sim�es Neto, Jos� Mauricio Pereira Lopes, Raul Rodrigues Barros, Bernardo Nogueira Fa�, Jucier Gon�alves Junior, Modesto Leite Rolim Neto, Maria do Socorro Vieira dos Santos*

Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Cariri, UFCA, Barbalha, Cear�, Brazil

CODEN :JPBSCT (Source:ACS),NLM Title Abbreviation: J Pharm Biomed Sci., NLM ID: 10158153

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Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences(J Pharm Biomed Sci.) is a monthly peer-reviewed international member journal �and subscribe principle� of Committee on publication ethics(COPE),Hinari and IMSEAR(Global health library).

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The full text is available online at www.jpbms.info

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Scope of Journal

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The journal covers Medical (Health & Clinical, Pharmaceutical, Nursing, �Biomedical, Chemistry and Applied Sciences.

Areas

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Medical and Dentistry: Cover technical and clinical studies related to health, ethical issues in areas of Health sciences and clinical specialties all streams of medicine, dentistry and Biomedical Sciences.

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Readers: - All graduates and postgraduates of medical, dentistry and biomedical sciences.

Nursing: Stimulate interest, debate, discussion and interaction among Nursing and specialists of all disciplines within the areas of nursing.

Readers:- Nursing administrators, educators, clinicians, researchers and nursing students.

Pharmaceutical Sciences: All Specialized streams

Readers:- Most of the readers are pharmaceutical and biomedical streams from Asia,UK,Iran,African continent,south Asian continent and USA that frequently read the articles and publish in routine in the different issues.

Chemistry and Chemical Sciences: RRecent research and reviews in chemistry and chemical Sciences.

Readers:- All potential scientists, scholars as well as students in chemistry and chemical Sciences.

Types of article

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* ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLES.

* REVIEW ARTICLES IN BASIC AND APPLIED RESEARCH IN MEDICAL, PHARMACEUTICAL AND BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES.

* CASE REPORTS/STUDIES

* SHORT COMMUNICATIONS, TECHNICAL NOTES.

* CRITICAL SURVEYS, OPINIONS, INTERVIEWS.

* NEWS,VIDEOS & IMAGES

* LETTERS TO EDITOR

Abstracting and Indexing Information

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The journal is indexed with Committee on publication ethics(COPE), Index Medius of South East Asia (IMSEAR),HINARI,Cite factor,Directory of Research Journal indexing, DOAJ, Google Scholar, GFMER(SWITZERLAND), getcited, Science central, OpenJgate, Library resourses directory, Socol@r, Eastview, Information system, Research gate.net,eprintmanipal.edu, Gloethics.net,CiteseerX , Academic resources (ourglocal.com), Journal Donation project (JDP), PSOAR and PGAIR,British Library,Electrinic journal Library,Poding memorial library, OhioLink,Kaohsiung Medical University Library, Lenketjenester Universitetsbiblioteketi Oslo,Syracuse University Library,Feng Chia Unversity, Indiana University,Bibliotheque Michel Serres (Ecole Centrale� Lyon), EditLib, Dayang Journal system (Korea), UlrichsWeb Directory (Proquest), Biblioteca Universia, IBLIO TECA(CCG-IBT),Birmingham Public library,Journalindex.net and having positive response from Forest Products Abstracts, CABI, UK, Botanical Pesticides Abstracts, CABI, UK, AgBiotechNet, CABI, UK, Academic Resources( ourGlocal.com), Sirus, New Jour ( Lauinger Library, George, Georgetown University, Washington), POPLINE (Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Heath, USA ), World Association of Medical Editors (WAME), National of agriculture library, USA (AGRICOLA), MysiteseerX, SCOPUS (Elsevier),Connect journals,IMSEAR,HINARI� many more...............................................

Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences (J Pharm Biomed Sci.) recently� indexed in ACS, Chemical abstract service (CAS), Library Resource directory, WorldCat, Asian Science Citation Index(ASCI), Indian Science.in , NKRC� ( National Knowledge resource consortium), Govt of India, MedNAR, Science Research.

Authors benefit

1- Round the clock editorial support.

2-Proof reading by English proof readers and automatic proof reading software (Proof file will be provided only after acceptance of the article).