Editorial Note
CONTINUOUS PRODUCTION OF PHARMACEUTICALS
Dr. Kal Renganathan Sharma
Department of Physics, College of Science and Technology
Rm 228 Spearman Technology
Bldg.Texas Southern University
3100 Cleburne Street
Houston, TX 77004
Chemical engineering principles can be applied to scale-up formulations of drugs into large production in continuous manner. There are number of advantages for preferring continuous processes over batch modes. The quality will be higher, process cost will be lower. Capital investment and plant costs can be depreciated over reasonable periods of time. Centralized control is possible in continuous processes. The raw materials can be procured in whole sale prices. The finishing operations for the product such as formation of capsules, coating, coloring etc can be sewn into the process flow with benefit. Productivity will be higher and product uniformity will be more. The residence time in the reactors can be lowered and the throughput can be increased. Less manual labor is required. Inventory costs will be on the lower side. Enviromental impact is more benign in the case of continuous process compared with batch mode. Depending on the demand optimal strategies can be devised. Some times space can be minimized for the same throughput. [Read More]
Editor's note
$1000 Genome is within reach
The quest is on to map every known function of every test organism in the universe to the protein signals. Protein signals are linked then to genes in eukoryotes. According to M. Schena who along with his professor Davis pioneered the microarray analysis method in order to obtain sequencing information from gene expression studies, “human disease is going to be eradicated as we know it by the year 2050”.The HGP, human genome project was completed ahead of time. ..................Read more,click on HTML .
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Review articleSystemic sclerosis (SSc) is a highly heterogeneous disease which would benefit from the adoption of a stratified medicine approach, to improve outcomes for patients and reduce costs to the healthcare system. SSc is orphan of disease activity biomarkers, as the current gold standard prognostic test: the modified Rodnan skin score (MRSS) is flawed. The MRSS has been shown to be unreliable, insensitive to change and not specific in measuring skin fibrosis. Physical measurements of skin thickness, genetic risk factors and autoantibodies may all allow patient stratification, however as proteins are the mediators of biological function; proteomics may offer the best approach .................Read more ,click on HTML.
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Upcoming Artcle
Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy precipitated by positive emotion, recurrence in same patient. Understanding the facts and review of literature.
1.Dr Lakshmi Kant Pathak, MD, MRCP, FACP
Sanford Medical Center
University Of North Dakota, Fargo, USA
2.Dr Chirag Chavda, MD
Methodist Health system, Dallas, USA
3.Dr Mohamed Mohamed, MD
Sanford Medical Center
University Of North Dakota, Fargo, USA
4. Dr Vimala Vijayaraghavan, MD
Caribbean Medical University, Chicago. USA.
The Impact of Operator Education Level on the Safety and Tolerability of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation.
Svensson, Travis K. RN, MD, PhD
Associate Professor, School of Nursing and Health Professions
University of San Francisco
Adjunct Clinical Professor, Department of Family Medicine
Sanford Medical Center
Assistant Clinical Professor, Department of Psychiatry
University of California San Francisco.
Gene Silencing of IL-13 by siRNA Aerosol Inhalation Inhibits Asthma Phenotype in the Murine Model of Asthma.
Objectives: This study was intended to investigate whether aerosol inhalation of IL-13 siRNA was effective in reduce IL-13 expression and thus attenuated asthma phenotype.
Methods: The ovalbumin (OVA)-challenged mouse model of asthma was used to assess the effect of IL-13 interference. Airway inflammation in lung tissue was assessed using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E). The mRNA expression of IL-13 gene was determined using real-time PCR.
Results: Aerosol inhalation of the IL-13 siRNA was shown to reduce the expression of IL-13 and reduced airway inflammation in lung tissues compared with control group.
Conclusion: Our results demonstrated the effectiveness of aerosol inhalation of IL-13 siRNA in preventing airway inflammation in vivo and suggested potential therapeutic applications.
Guo Chen1, Zhenghua Nib2, Qingge Chen1, Xiongbiao Wang1,*
Affiliation:
1 Department of Respiratory Medicine, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200062, PR China
2 Central lab, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200062, PR China
Acute Toxicity, Analgesic Activity of Nepetagranatensis Essential Oil.
Gastroprotective Activity of Hericium erinaceus on Gastric Injury Rat Model Induced by Glacial Acetic Acid and Pyloric Ligation
Fu Wen-Juan1, Chen Ju2, Ke Jian1, Yu Wen-Hui1, Wang Lan-Ying2, Wu Ding-Tao2, Xiong Ai-Hua1, Nie Hong1* and Zhao Jing2*
1.Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
2.State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
Sexual Harassment: University Stigmata
Kanda, Raquel, G*.,(Junior Fellow),França, Bianca, M.,(Junior Fellow),Cerino, Elizabelle, G.,(Junior Fellow),Baima, Eduardo, F.,(Junior Fellow), Lima,Jobson, N.F.,(Junior Fellow),Feitosa,Uilna, N. S,Dr.Lima, Nádia Nara, R.,Dr.Damasceno, Kécia, S.,Dr. Kanda, Paulo, M.,(PhD), Rolim-Neto, Modesto, L.(PhD).
1.Federal University of Cariri, Divine Savior Street, 284, Center, Barbalha, Ceara, Brazil.
2.Institutional Program for Scientific Initiation (PIBIC) / National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) fellow at Faculty of Medicine
3.Federal University of Cariri, Barbalha, Ceara, Brazil. Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences - Faculty of Medicine of ABC, Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil
4.Neurovale. The electroencephalograph (EEG) laboratory. Taubaté. São Paulo, Brazil
Disseminated histoplasmosis in the child with diabetes mellitus: Case Report
Background: Diabetes and HIV infection are common co-morbid conditions of disseminated Histoplasmosis.
Case report: This study reports a case of disseminated histoplasmosis in a 4 year old boy with type 1 diabetes mellitus history diagnosed a year before. He was admitted with high fever and cough in pediatric emergency. The child evaluated with more productive cough, hepatosplenomegaly, generalized painful lymph node, whitish plaques in the oral cavity, angular cheilitis and ocular disease (erythema in the sclera and bilateral conjunctiva, leftmost). Diagnosis was based on histopathological examination, culture, bacterioscopy and PCR. Despites the adequate treatment, patient developed blinds in the left eye.
Conclusion: After all, we conclude that histoplasmosis became an important public health problem due to the high number of immunocompromised patients, what makes it important the attention on differential diagnosis
Claudio Gleidiston Lima da Silva, Raquel Melo Vieira, Eudes Alves Simões Neto, José Mauricio Pereira Lopes, Raul Rodrigues Barros, Bernardo Nogueira Faé, Jucier Gonçalves Junior, Modesto Leite Rolim Neto, Maria do Socorro Vieira dos Santos*
Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Cariri, UFCA, Barbalha, Ceará, Brazil
Review article
Stratified medicine approach for systemic sclerosis: state of the art and the need for clinical biomarkers
* Sam Straw
Abstract:
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a highly heterogeneous disease which would benefit from the adoption of a stratified medicine approach, to improve outcomes for patients and reduce costs to the healthcare system. SSc is orphan of disease activity biomarkers, as the current gold standard prognostic test: the modified Rodnan skin score (MRSS) is flawed. The MRSS has been shown to be unreliable, insensitive to change and not specific in measuring skin fibrosis. Physical measurements of skin thickness, genetic risk factors and autoantibodies may all allow patient stratification, however as proteins are the mediators of biological function; proteomics may offer the best approach. Proteomic studies to identify biomarkers are hypothesized to fulfill the outcome measured in rheumatology (OMERACT) filter criteria of: truth, discrimination and feasibility.
Key words: Stratified medicine; scleroderma; systemic sclerosis; biomarkers; health economics; modified Rodnan skin score; OMERACT; proteomics; autoantibodies; genetic risk factor; skin thickness.
Affiliation:-
*Medical student, Scleroderma Research Group, Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, St James’ University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK.
*Corresponding author:
Sam Straw.
Medical student, Scleroderma Research Group, Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, St James’ University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK