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Original article
Jayanta Kumar Barua1, Mausumi Basu2,Susmita Bhattacharya3, Kheya Mukherjee4, Debasish Sinha5, Anita Nandi6
1Assistant Professor, Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Leprosy,The School of Tropical Medicine, Kolkata
2Associate Professor, Department of Community Medicine, IPGME&R and SSKM Hospital, Kolkata
3 Professor and 4Assistant Professor, Department of Microbiology, N.R.S. Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata
5 Assistant Professor, Department of Community Medicine, IPGME&R/ SSKM Hospital, Kolkata
6 Assistant Professor, Department of Microbiology,Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed: NRMC & H,Kolkata adjacent to attributed.
Address reprint requests to
*Dr. Mausumi Basu,
Associate Professor,Department of Community Medicine, IPGME&R and SSKM Hospital, Kolkata, India
Article citation: Barua JK, Basu M, Bhattacharya S, Mukherjee K, Sinha D, Nandi A. Epidemiological profile of HIV patients in a tertiary care hospital of Kolkata. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2015;05(11):890–896. Available at www.jpbms.info
Abstract:
Background Approximately 20.89 lakh people were living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA) in India in 2011 with prevalence rate of 0.27%. Objectives To assess the prevalence of HIV among consented attendees and to analyse the epidemiological profile of HIV-positive clients diagnosed in an ICTC of Kolkata. Materials and Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out throughthe analysis of secondary data from July 2012 to June 2013 in an ICTC centre attached with microbiology department of a medical college, Kolkata; using a pre designed proforma. Data were analysed using Epi Info version 3.5.1 and Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS 22.0) software version. Results Counseling and testing services were provided to 14,679 clients; 158 were diagnosed as HIV positive with a prevalence of 1.07%; about 89.24% of seropositives belonged to age group of 15–49 years; males constituted 68.99%; 54.43% HIV were from rural area; 56.33% were married; literacy rate was 83.55%; 65.31% females were housewives; 39.8% of male clients undertook daily wage; 28.48% had sexual partner who were positive for HIV; 93.04% practiced high risk behaviour;78.48% acquired HIV through heterosexual route; 08.86% and 06.33% were involved in homosexual and bisexual practices respectively; and parent to child transmission rate was 5.70%. Conclusions This study provides an important clue to understand the epidemiology of HIV/ AIDS in a particular geographic region and to help an effective local planning for care, treatment and support of those infected and preventive strategies for those who are at risk.
KEYWORDS HIV positive clients, risk behaviour, ICTC, epidemiological profile
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Statement of originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Source of funding: None.
Competing interest / Conflict of interest:
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research,patents, and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
Original Article
Rahul Ravindra Bagul1*, Utkarsha Joshi2, Vikram Kakatkar3, Sanjay Deo4
1 Associate Professor, Department of Orthopaedics, Padmashree Dr. D.Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pimpri, Pune, India
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Orthopaedics, Padmashree Dr. D.Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pimpri,Pune, India
3 Senior Resident, Department of Orthopaedics, Padmashree Dr. D.Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pimpri, Pune, India
4 Professor, Department of Orthopaedics,Padmashree Dr. D.Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pimpri, Pune, India
Address reprint requests to
*Dr. Rahul R. Bagul, Department of Orthopaedics,Padmashree Dr. D.Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pimpri, Pune, India
Article citation: Rahul B, Utkarsha J,Vikram K, Sanjay D. Comparative study of management of proximal humerus fractures in elderly by conservative method Versus operative locking compression plate. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2015;05(11):831–838.
Abstract:
Background Proximal humeral fracture in patients more than 65 years old, represent the third most common fracture. Treatment of proximal humerus fractures, especially displaced fractures, remains controversial. Conservative treatment has been preferred for most of the undisplaced or minimally displaced fractures. Over the years, availability of improved fixation devices, popularised the treatment of these fractures by open reduction and internal fixation. Operative treatment of proximal humerus fractures poses a challenge because of complications like malunion, non-union and avascular necrosis.Objective To study the role of conservative treatment and operative treatment by locking compression plate in the management of these fractures. To compare the results ofconservative management Versus locking plate osteosynthesis. To EVALUATE the results of treatment in terms of clinical and radiological union as well as functional outcome.
Materials and methods In the present case study, we report our experience in 60 cases in whom comparative study of management of proximal humerus fractures in elderly by conservative method Versus operative locking compression plate was done.Results As measured by Neer’s shoulder score, out of the 60 cases in our study, 8 (13.33%) had excellent functional outcome out of which 3 were treated conservatively and 5 were treated operatively, 29 (48.33%) had satisfactory outcome out of which 14 were treated conservatively and 15 were treated operatively, 19 (31.67%) had unsatisfactory outcome out of which 10 were treated conservatively and 9 were treated operatively, and 4 (6.67%) cases were failures out of which 3 were treated conservatively and 1 were treated operatively.
KEYWORDS proximal humerus fracture, old age, locking compression plate, conservative treatment
Statement of originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Source of funding: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest:
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents, and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in
discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Original article
Blau Olga1,Bulegenova Minira2*,Karazhanova Meryert3,Nurpisova Dina4, Jolbaeva Kaliyash5, Makhneva Anna6, Boranbaeva Riza7
1Professor, Head of Genetic Laboratory, Charite University, School of Medicine, Germany Professor,2 Specialist, 3,4 and Head,7 Department, Scientific Center of Pediatrics and Children Surgery, Kazakhstan
5,6Cytogenetic Laboratory, Scientific Center of Pediatrics and Children Surgery, Kazakhstan
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Charite University, School of medicine, Germany. Scientific Center of Pediatrics and Children Surgery, Kazakhstan
Address reprint requests to
*Minira Bulegenova, Professor and Head of Laboratory Department, Scientific Center of Pediatrics and Children Surgery, Al Farabi av., Kazakhstan
Article citation: Olga B, Minira B, Meryert K, Dina N, Kaliyash J, Anna M, Riza B. Comparative investigation of conventional cytogenetic and fluorescence in situ hybridization in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2015;05(11):884–889. Available at www.jpbms.info
Abstract:
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common malignancy in childhood. Chromosomal aberrations are independent prognostic factors. Conventional cytogenetics is routinely used in the initial assessment. Nevertheless, karyotyping is often hampered by low mitotic index of malignant cells, poor chromosomal morphology and difficulties in interpretation of chromosome rearrangement. Interphase FISH provides an alternative approach to detect abnormalities in nondividing cells and also is essential for the identification of cryptic abnormalities. In the present study we analysed 56 children with ALL using both cytogenetic and FISH techniques to determine diagnostic accuracy of the both methods. FISH probes for AML1-ELN, BCR-ABL, and MLL rearrangement were used. Karyotyping was successful in 77% of cases. Cytogenetic study discovered abnormalities in 51% from succeeded karyotyping.
FISH revealed chromosomal aberration in 62.5%. FISH confirmed all cases with clonal aberrations, observed with conventional cytogenetics. Among patients with normal karyotype, 24% were detected to have clonal aberrations by FISH. Also, FISH analysis was extremely useful to detection of alteration involving of AML1 and TEL genes. We demonstrate that interphase FISH is available to detect more prognostic important genetic abnormalities than conventional cytogenetic. Cytogenetic analysis combined with FISH produced significant improvements in the sensitivity and accuracy in identification of the of risk stratification of patients.
KEYWORDS acute lymphoblastic leukemia, cytogenetics, FISH, TEL-AML, BCR-ABL, MLL
Statement of originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Source of funding: None.
Competing interest / Conflict of interest:
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research,patents, and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
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7.Moorman AV, Harrison CJ, Buck GA, Richards SM, Secker-Walker LM, Martineau M, et al. Karyotype is an independent prognostic factor in adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL): analysis of cytogenetic data from patients treated on the Medical Research Council (MRC) UKALLXII/ Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) 2993 trial. Blood. 2007;109:3189–97.
8.Foà R, Vitale A, Mancini M, Cuneo A, Mecucci C, Elia L, et al. E2APBX1 fusion in adult acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: biological and clinical features. Br J Haematol. 2003;120(3):484–7.
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16.Gandemer V, Auclerc MF, Perel Y, et al. Impact of age, leukocyte count and day 21-bone marrow response to chemotherapy on the long-term outcome of children with philadelphia chromosomepositive acute lymphoblastic leukemia in the pre-imatinib era:results of the FRALLE 93 study. BMC Cancer. 2009; 9:1–8.
Research Article
Uma Maheswari Biruda1*, Dishita Pagala2
1 Department of Paediatrics, GSL Medical College, Affiliated to DR NTR University
of Health Sciences, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India
2 Department of Paediatrics, GSL Medical College, Rajahmundry, Affiliated to DR NTR
University of Health Sciences, Vijayawada,Andhra Pradesh, India
Address reprint requests to
*Uma Maheswari Biruda, Department of Paediatrics, GSL Medical College, Affiliated
to DR NTR University of Health Sciences, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India
Article citation: Uma Maheswari B, DishitaP. Clinical, bacteriological and radiological study of severe pneumonia in children at a tertiary care centre. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2015;05(11):839–841.Available at www.jpbms.info
Background Pneumonia is the largest killer of children under 5 years, around the world. About four children die from pneumonia every minute. WHO definition of very severe pneumonia is a clinical diagnosis based on the presence of cough or difficulty in breathing plus at least one of the following: central cyanosis, refusal of feeds, convulsions, lethargy. The present study was done to know the risk factors, clinical, bacteriological and radiological features of severe pneumonia in children.
Methods This was a prospective study of severe pneumonia conducted in 150 children in the age group of 1 month to 5 years with clinical features of severe pneumonia. Detailed history and physical examination were done. Children were classified into severe and very severe pneumonia.
Results Study showed that 53% of children belonged to the age group of 1 month to 1 year. Fast breathing, cough and fever were the most common symptoms. Refusal of feed was present in 19% cases. Tachypnoea, chest retractions and crepitations were the most common signs. Diarrhoea (6.6%) and septicaemia (3.3%) were the associated illness; 83.3% had severe pneumonia, 16.7% had very severe pneumonia; 30% were malnourished and 66.6% were anemic.
Conclusion Pneumonia is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in children.
Among risk factors studied previous history of similar illness, inappropriate immunization, anaemia, malnutrition, poor housing conditions were found significant. Chest X-ray is valuable aids in the diagnosis of pneumonia in children. Severity of pneumonia and malnutrition associated illness were important risk factors for mortality.
KEYWORDS pneumonia, WHO criteria, under five, malnutrition
Statement of originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Source of funding: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest:
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents, and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in
discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense. The manuscript is original and is not published or communicated for publication elsewhere either in part or full.
Research article
Ibrahim Bakhit Yousif Elemam1*, Mohammed Abdalgadir Elsheikh2, Areeg Mohammed Ali Elnour3, Habiba Mohieldeen Mohammed Abd Elhaleem4, Awad Eljeed Abugooda Alobaid5
1 Department of Histopathology and Cytology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Shendi University, Sudan
2 Department of Histopathology and Cytology, School of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Sharq Elneil College
3 Medical Laboratory Program, Al Yarmouk Colleges, Sudan
4 Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Shendi University, Sudan, Sudan
5 Medical Laboratory Program, Al Yarmouk Colleges, Sudan
Address reprint requests to
*Ibrahim Bakhit Yousif Elemam,
Department of Histopathology and Cytology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Shendi University, Sudan
Background Prostatic adenocarcinoma is the most PREVALENT cancer and the second cause of cancer related death among men; the tumour proliferative activity is difficult to measure histologically. Increasing EVIDENCE suggests that the factors controlling cell cycle progression also modulate the rate of ribosome biogenesis; and can assess the proliferative activity.The present study aimed to assess the proliferation activity in prostate cancer.
Materials and Methods A total of 40 various prostatic lesions were studied, 20 cases of prostatic adenocarcinomas (study group) and 20 cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) as (control group). Sections of 3-μ thickness was obtained from each formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue block using rotary microtome and it was stained using haematoxylin and eosin (Mayer’s technique) and AgNOR stains.Results The majority of patients with BPH and prostate adenocarcinoma were in their sixth to eighth decade of life. The BPH samples displayed fewer AgNORs (mean 2.0 dots/cell) compare to adenocarcinomas (mean 4.1 dots/cell), p value was (0.001). Therefore this data indicate that analysis of silver staining-positive material in intact interphase cells may help distinguish between benign and malignant prostatic tumours.Conclusions AgNOR have a value in distinguishing between BPH and adenocarcinoma of the prostate.
KEYWORDS Fprostate, carcinoma, prostatic hyperplasia, AgNORs
Statement of originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Source of funding: None.
Competing interest / Conflict of interest:
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research,patents, and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense. The manuscript is original and is not published or communicated for publication elsewhere either in part or full.