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Original article
Jayanta Kumar Barua1, Mausumi Basu2,Susmita Bhattacharya3, Kheya Mukherjee4, Debasish Sinha5, Anita Nandi6
1Assistant Professor, Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Leprosy,The School of Tropical Medicine, Kolkata
2Associate Professor, Department of Community Medicine, IPGME&R and SSKM Hospital, Kolkata
3 Professor and 4Assistant Professor, Department of Microbiology, N.R.S. Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata
5 Assistant Professor, Department of Community Medicine, IPGME&R/ SSKM Hospital, Kolkata
6 Assistant Professor, Department of Microbiology,Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed: NRMC & H,Kolkata adjacent to attributed.
Address reprint requests to
*Dr. Mausumi Basu,
Associate Professor,Department of Community Medicine, IPGME&R and SSKM Hospital, Kolkata, India
Article citation: Barua JK, Basu M, Bhattacharya S, Mukherjee K, Sinha D, Nandi A. Epidemiological profile of HIV patients in a tertiary care hospital of Kolkata. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2015;05(11):890–896. Available at www.jpbms.info
Abstract:
Background Approximately 20.89 lakh people were living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA) in India in 2011 with prevalence rate of 0.27%. Objectives To assess the prevalence of HIV among consented attendees and to analyse the epidemiological profile of HIV-positive clients diagnosed in an ICTC of Kolkata. Materials and Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out throughthe analysis of secondary data from July 2012 to June 2013 in an ICTC centre attached with microbiology department of a medical college, Kolkata; using a pre designed proforma. Data were analysed using Epi Info version 3.5.1 and Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS 22.0) software version. Results Counseling and testing services were provided to 14,679 clients; 158 were diagnosed as HIV positive with a prevalence of 1.07%; about 89.24% of seropositives belonged to age group of 15–49 years; males constituted 68.99%; 54.43% HIV were from rural area; 56.33% were married; literacy rate was 83.55%; 65.31% females were housewives; 39.8% of male clients undertook daily wage; 28.48% had sexual partner who were positive for HIV; 93.04% practiced high risk behaviour;78.48% acquired HIV through heterosexual route; 08.86% and 06.33% were involved in homosexual and bisexual practices respectively; and parent to child transmission rate was 5.70%. Conclusions This study provides an important clue to understand the epidemiology of HIV/ AIDS in a particular geographic region and to help an effective local planning for care, treatment and support of those infected and preventive strategies for those who are at risk.
KEYWORDS HIV positive clients, risk behaviour, ICTC, epidemiological profile
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Statement of originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Source of funding: None.
Competing interest / Conflict of interest:
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research,patents, and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
Original article
Blau Olga1,Bulegenova Minira2*,Karazhanova Meryert3,Nurpisova Dina4, Jolbaeva Kaliyash5, Makhneva Anna6, Boranbaeva Riza7
1Professor, Head of Genetic Laboratory, Charite University, School of Medicine, Germany Professor,2 Specialist, 3,4 and Head,7 Department, Scientific Center of Pediatrics and Children Surgery, Kazakhstan
5,6Cytogenetic Laboratory, Scientific Center of Pediatrics and Children Surgery, Kazakhstan
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Charite University, School of medicine, Germany. Scientific Center of Pediatrics and Children Surgery, Kazakhstan
Address reprint requests to
*Minira Bulegenova, Professor and Head of Laboratory Department, Scientific Center of Pediatrics and Children Surgery, Al Farabi av., Kazakhstan
Article citation: Olga B, Minira B, Meryert K, Dina N, Kaliyash J, Anna M, Riza B. Comparative investigation of conventional cytogenetic and fluorescence in situ hybridization in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2015;05(11):884–889. Available at www.jpbms.info
Abstract:
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common malignancy in childhood. Chromosomal aberrations are independent prognostic factors. Conventional cytogenetics is routinely used in the initial assessment. Nevertheless, karyotyping is often hampered by low mitotic index of malignant cells, poor chromosomal morphology and difficulties in interpretation of chromosome rearrangement. Interphase FISH provides an alternative approach to detect abnormalities in nondividing cells and also is essential for the identification of cryptic abnormalities. In the present study we analysed 56 children with ALL using both cytogenetic and FISH techniques to determine diagnostic accuracy of the both methods. FISH probes for AML1-ELN, BCR-ABL, and MLL rearrangement were used. Karyotyping was successful in 77% of cases. Cytogenetic study discovered abnormalities in 51% from succeeded karyotyping.
FISH revealed chromosomal aberration in 62.5%. FISH confirmed all cases with clonal aberrations, observed with conventional cytogenetics. Among patients with normal karyotype, 24% were detected to have clonal aberrations by FISH. Also, FISH analysis was extremely useful to detection of alteration involving of AML1 and TEL genes. We demonstrate that interphase FISH is available to detect more prognostic important genetic abnormalities than conventional cytogenetic. Cytogenetic analysis combined with FISH produced significant improvements in the sensitivity and accuracy in identification of the of risk stratification of patients.
KEYWORDS acute lymphoblastic leukemia, cytogenetics, FISH, TEL-AML, BCR-ABL, MLL
Statement of originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Source of funding: None.
Competing interest / Conflict of interest:
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research,patents, and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
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16.Gandemer V, Auclerc MF, Perel Y, et al. Impact of age, leukocyte count and day 21-bone marrow response to chemotherapy on the long-term outcome of children with philadelphia chromosomepositive acute lymphoblastic leukemia in the pre-imatinib era:results of the FRALLE 93 study. BMC Cancer. 2009; 9:1–8.
Original article
Famurewa Ademola C1*,Kanu Shedrach C1,Uzoegwu Peter N2,Ogugua Victor N2
1 Department of Medical Biochemistry,Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Federal University, Ndufu-Alike, Ikwo, Ebonyi,Nigeria
2 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria,Nsukka
Address reprint requests to
*Famurewa, Ademola, Clement,
Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Federal University, Ndufu-Alike, Ikwo,Ebonyi State, Nigeria.
Abstract:
Objective: Hibiscus sabdariffa is a medicinal plant associated with beneficial health effects.The leaves and flowers are used as traditional drinks and medicines in countries. The current study aimed to investigate H. sabdariffa L. methanolic extract ameliorative potential against carbon tetrachloride-induced lipid peroxidation, hepatic damage and oxidative stress.
Methods Adult male Wistar rats were administered 2.5 ml/kg body weight of CCl4 by oral gavage to induce oxidative stress 48 hours before administration of 200, 600 to 1000 mg/kg doses of H. sabdariffa methanolic extract to group 3, 4 and 5, respectively for 10 days (n = 5). Group 1 was used as negative control, while group 2 was used as positive-comparative control (2.5 ml/kg CCl4). At the end of the experiment, serum glutathione (GSH), vitamin C and E, MDA, liver damage markers and antioxidant enzymes were analysed in all the groups. Results Carbon tetrachloride-induced oxidative stress in experimental rats was evidenced by increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduction in SOD, catalase and reduced glutathione (GSH). H. sabdariffa extract treatment at 600 and 1000 mg/kg doses resulted in significant modulation of antioxidant indices and alkaline phosphatase (p < 0.05), but failed to demonstrate significant effects in AST, ALT and MDA. There were significant increases (p < 0.05) in the serum vitamin C and E at 600 and 1000mg/kg doses of the extract.Conclusion The overall results suggest that H. sabdariffa contains bioactive phytochemicals that may improve hepatic status and ameliorate oxidative damage at high doses in carbon tetrachloride intoxication.
KEYWORDS Hibiscus sabdariffa, hepatic damage, lipid peroxidation, oxidative stress,phytochemicals
Statement of originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.Source of funding: None.
Competing interest / Conflict of interest:
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents, and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense. The manuscript is original and is not published or communicated for publication elsewhere either in part or full.
Research Article.
Erika Teresa Quintana1*,Diana Andrea Gil-Rivera1,Amanda Alejo-Viderique1,Oliver López-Villegas1, Luis Ángel Maldonado2,3
1 Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas (ENCB), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN),México DF, México
2 Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México DF,México
3 Rectoría – Secretaría General, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM), México DF, México
Address reprint requests to
*E. T. Quintana,
Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas (ENCB), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), México DF, México
Article citation: Quintana ET, Gil-Rivera DA, Alejo-Viderique A, López-Villegas O,Maldonado LA. Evaluation of the antifungal and antiyeast activities from recently isolated Streptomycetes. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2015;05(11):867–876. Available at www.jpbms.info
Abstract: The indisputable role of Actinobacteria (aka “actinomycetes”) in the pharmaceutical industry is represented by its innate capability to produce antibiotics, but little is known about the antifungal compounds they could also be producing. Among the Actinobacteria,the genus Streptomyces produces antagonistic molecules against several pathogenic fungi and search/discovery programs should be revisited due to novel and/or poorly studied fungal emerging diseases in humans and plants. In humans, this is certainly important because novel antifungal therapies are among the most challenging problems in intensive care medicine. The present study focused on the isolation and identification of novel organisms of the genus Streptomyces and their evaluation for antifungal activities.
One hundred actinomycetes were isolated from Mexican soil samples and identified by using two pairs of specific primers: (a) a pair of primers for the class Actinobacteria and (b) for the family Streptomycetaceae; all the isolates selected were found to contain LLA 2pm in their cell walls, a-wall chemical marker for Streptomyces. The isolates were thenassigned to 38 multimembered groups on the basis of their morphological properties and one representative of each subgroup tested on in vitro antibiosis methods for
antifungal–antiyeast activities. 97.4% and 81.6% of the isolates showed activity against the type strains of Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans, respectively. 16S rRNA gene sequencing of five isolates showed that they are closely related among each other and felt in the Streptomyces griseus subclade which is highly heterogeneous; the isolates may well represent novel species showing both antifungal and antiyeast activities, a property not fully explored for members of that Streptomycetes 16S rRNA gene subclade.
KEYWORDS Actinomycetes, Streptomyces, antifungal activities, Aspergillus niger,Candida albicans
Statement of originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Source of funding: ETQ CONACyT Jóvenes Talentos SIP-2015-RE/057-CONACYT C110/2015 and SIP20150292.
Case report
Renuka Jadhav*, Shradha Lohiya, Sharad Agarkhedkar, Anita Lohakare, Shradha Salunkhe
Department of Pediatrics. Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre (D. Y. Patil University Pune) Pimpri, Pune 411018, India
Abstract:
Background Dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF), a potential lethal complication affects the Asian countries and has become a leading cause of hospital admissions and death among children. Dengue with its severe manifestations of DHF and dengue shock syndrome (DSS) has emerged as a major public health problem of international concern.
Aims To identify the predictive factors for spontaneous bleeding manifestations in dengue illness in children. To determine the utility of haematological parameters as diagnostic markers of dengue haemorrhagic fever.
Materials and Methods This is a prospective, cross-sectional study. Eighty patients (1–12 years) with proven diagnosis of dengue by NS1 were enrolled. Patients were DIVIDED into two groups: DHF group and DF group. A detailed history, clinical examination, with laboratory parameters was done in all patients. Data was analysed using SPSS Version 7 by applying the appropriate tests.
Results Dengue showed a seasonal trend, maximum number of cases (44 cases) were seen in September and October in 2012. Fever (100%), rash (62.5%), vomiting (60%), and abdominal pain (31.25%) were common features. Bleeding manifestations were petechiae and purpura 60.62%, melena was 40.63%, epistaxis was 15.63%, haematemesis was 3.12% and subconjuctival haemorrhage was 3.12%. Abdominal pain (31.25%), tender hepatomegaly (57.5%), and positive tourniquet test were significantly associated withspontaneous bleeding. Low platelet count was significantly associated with spontaneous bleeding but thrombocytopenia alone could not predict spontaneous bleeding.
Conclusion Clinical criteria as such as abdominal pain, tender hepatomegaly, and positive tourniquet test along with the laboratory parameters such as haemoconcentration, low platelet count, abnormal serum levels of liver enzymes, and prolonged prothrombin time were significantly associated in predicting spontaneous bleeding and these predictors of spontaneous bleeding can help the clinician to anticipate the problem, prognosticate,decide the need of referral to higher centre for monitoring, managing and blood product transfusion when required, thus limiting the morbidity and mortality.
KEYWORDS dengue, dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF), dengue shock syndrome (DSS)
Address reprint requests to
Dr. Renuka Jadhav, Professor, Department of Pediatrics Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre (D. Y. Patil University Pune), Pimpri, Pune 411018, India
Article citation: Jadhav R, Lohiya S,Agarkhedkar S, Lohakare A, Salunkhe S. Study of dengue fever with special reference to predictors of spontaneous bleeding in dengue infection. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2015;05(11):851–856. Available at www.jpbms.info
Statement of originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Source of funding: None.
Competing interest / Conflict of interest:
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research,patents, and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.