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Research Article
Uma Maheswari Biruda1*, Dishita Pagala2
1 Department of Paediatrics, GSL Medical College, Affiliated to DR NTR University
of Health Sciences, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India
2 Department of Paediatrics, GSL Medical College, Rajahmundry, Affiliated to DR NTR
University of Health Sciences, Vijayawada,Andhra Pradesh, India
Address reprint requests to
*Uma Maheswari Biruda, Department of Paediatrics, GSL Medical College, Affiliated
to DR NTR University of Health Sciences, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India
Article citation: Uma Maheswari B, DishitaP. Clinical, bacteriological and radiological study of severe pneumonia in children at a tertiary care centre. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2015;05(11):839–841.Available at www.jpbms.info
Background Pneumonia is the largest killer of children under 5 years, around the world. About four children die from pneumonia every minute. WHO definition of very severe pneumonia is a clinical diagnosis based on the presence of cough or difficulty in breathing plus at least one of the following: central cyanosis, refusal of feeds, convulsions, lethargy. The present study was done to know the risk factors, clinical, bacteriological and radiological features of severe pneumonia in children.
Methods This was a prospective study of severe pneumonia conducted in 150 children in the age group of 1 month to 5 years with clinical features of severe pneumonia. Detailed history and physical examination were done. Children were classified into severe and very severe pneumonia.
Results Study showed that 53% of children belonged to the age group of 1 month to 1 year. Fast breathing, cough and fever were the most common symptoms. Refusal of feed was present in 19% cases. Tachypnoea, chest retractions and crepitations were the most common signs. Diarrhoea (6.6%) and septicaemia (3.3%) were the associated illness; 83.3% had severe pneumonia, 16.7% had very severe pneumonia; 30% were malnourished and 66.6% were anemic.
Conclusion Pneumonia is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in children.
Among risk factors studied previous history of similar illness, inappropriate immunization, anaemia, malnutrition, poor housing conditions were found significant. Chest X-ray is valuable aids in the diagnosis of pneumonia in children. Severity of pneumonia and malnutrition associated illness were important risk factors for mortality.
KEYWORDS pneumonia, WHO criteria, under five, malnutrition
Statement of originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Source of funding: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest:
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents, and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in
discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense. The manuscript is original and is not published or communicated for publication elsewhere either in part or full.
Case Report
Jayabal Pandiaraja1*, Devadhason Darwin Britto2
1 Assistant Professor, Department of General Surgery, SRM Medical College,
Kancheepuram district, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
2 Assistant Professor, Department of General Surgery, SRM Medical College,
Kancheepuram district, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
Address reprint requests to
*Dr. Pandiaraja,
26/1 Kaveri Street,
Rajaji Nagar, Villivakkam, Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
Article citation: Pandiaraja J, Darwin Britto D. An uncommon feature of papillary thyroid carcinoma: a case report. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2015;05(11):828–830. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
Most of the thyroid malignancies occur in either euthyroid or hypothyroid status. Thyroid malignancies with hyperthyroidism are very rare. There are numerous reasons for hyperthyroidism in thyroid cancer. The incidence of hyperthyroidism in thyroid malignancies
were <1%. But recent report showed increased incidence due to mutation of thyroid receptors. The problem with hyperthyroidism and thyroid cancer was diagnostic difficulty and management part, because for most of the cases of hyperthyroidism thyroid malignancies
are not suspected. This is a case report of papillary thyroid carcinoma presenting in hyperthyroid patient who has diagnostic difficulty and management.
KEYWORDS papillary thyroid carcinoma, hyperthyroidism, total thyroidectomy
REFERENCES
1. Gabriele R, Letizia C, Borghese M, De Toma G, Celi M, Izzo L, et al. Thyroid cancer in patients with hyperthyroidism. Horm Res. 2003;60(2):79–83.
2. Chao TC, Lin JD, Jeng LB, Chen MF. Thyroid cancer with concurrent hyperthyroidism. Arch Surg. 1999;134(2):130–4.
3. Ruggeri RM, Campennì A, Giovinazzo S, Saraceno G, Vicchio TM, Carlotta D, et al. Follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma presenting as toxic nodule in an adolescent: coexistent polymorphism of the TSHR and Gsα genes.Thyroid. 2013; 23(2):239–42.
4. Sung TH, Man EM, Wong WW. Paediatric thyroid carcinoma in disguise: papillary thyroid carcinoma presenting with thyrotoxicosis and diffuse goiter. Pediatr Radiol. 2012;42(3):377–9.
5. Basaria S, Salvatori R. Thyrotoxicosis due to metastatic papillary thyroid cancer in a patient with Graves’ disease. J Endocrinol Invest. 2002;25(7):639–42.
6. Gulcelik MA, Gulcelik NE, Dinc S, Kuru B, Camlibel M, Alagol H. The incidence of hyperthyroidism in patients with thyroid cancer in an area of iodine deficiency. J Surg Oncol. 2006;94(1):35–9.
7. Gozu H, Avsar M, Bircan R, Claus M, Sahin S, Sezgin O, et al. Two novel mutations in the sixth transmembrane segment of the thyrotropin receptor gene causing hyperfunctioning thyroid nodules. Thyroid. 2005;15(4):389–97.
8. Ragni F, Pinelli D, Facchini M, Ghedi M, Piccini I, Pasini M, et al. [Thyroid carcinoma in hyperthyroid syndromes]. G Chir. 1996;17(4):158–65.
9. dell’Erba L, Gerundini P, Caputo M, Bagnasco M. Association of hyperfunctioning thyroid adenoma with thyroid cancer presenting as “trapping only” nodule at 99mTcO4-scintigraphy. J Endocrinol Invest. 2003;26(11):1124–7.
Statement of originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Source of funding: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest:
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents, and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in
discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense. The manuscript is original and is not published or communicated for publication elsewhere either in part or full.
Original article
Famurewa Ademola C1*,Kanu Shedrach C1,Uzoegwu Peter N2,Ogugua Victor N2
1 Department of Medical Biochemistry,Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Federal University, Ndufu-Alike, Ikwo, Ebonyi,Nigeria
2 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria,Nsukka
Address reprint requests to
*Famurewa, Ademola, Clement,
Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Federal University, Ndufu-Alike, Ikwo,Ebonyi State, Nigeria.
Abstract:
Objective: Hibiscus sabdariffa is a medicinal plant associated with beneficial health effects.The leaves and flowers are used as traditional drinks and medicines in countries. The current study aimed to investigate H. sabdariffa L. methanolic extract ameliorative potential against carbon tetrachloride-induced lipid peroxidation, hepatic damage and oxidative stress.
Methods Adult male Wistar rats were administered 2.5 ml/kg body weight of CCl4 by oral gavage to induce oxidative stress 48 hours before administration of 200, 600 to 1000 mg/kg doses of H. sabdariffa methanolic extract to group 3, 4 and 5, respectively for 10 days (n = 5). Group 1 was used as negative control, while group 2 was used as positive-comparative control (2.5 ml/kg CCl4). At the end of the experiment, serum glutathione (GSH), vitamin C and E, MDA, liver damage markers and antioxidant enzymes were analysed in all the groups. Results Carbon tetrachloride-induced oxidative stress in experimental rats was evidenced by increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduction in SOD, catalase and reduced glutathione (GSH). H. sabdariffa extract treatment at 600 and 1000 mg/kg doses resulted in significant modulation of antioxidant indices and alkaline phosphatase (p < 0.05), but failed to demonstrate significant effects in AST, ALT and MDA. There were significant increases (p < 0.05) in the serum vitamin C and E at 600 and 1000mg/kg doses of the extract.Conclusion The overall results suggest that H. sabdariffa contains bioactive phytochemicals that may improve hepatic status and ameliorate oxidative damage at high doses in carbon tetrachloride intoxication.
KEYWORDS Hibiscus sabdariffa, hepatic damage, lipid peroxidation, oxidative stress,phytochemicals
Statement of originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.Source of funding: None.
Competing interest / Conflict of interest:
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents, and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense. The manuscript is original and is not published or communicated for publication elsewhere either in part or full.
Review article
Seyed Sajjad Babaeimarzangou1, Shahin Aghajanshakeri1*,Dana Anousheh1,Peyman Mikaili2
1 Student of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
2 Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
Address reprint requests to
*Shahin Aghajanshakeri, Student of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
Article citation: Babaeimarzangou SS,Aghajanshakeri SH, Anousheh D, Mikaili P. Ethno-botanical, Bioactivities and Medicinal Mysteries of Fumaria officinalis (Common Fumitory). J Pharm Biomed Sci 2015;05(11):857–862. Available at www.jpbms.info
Abstract
Fumaria officinalis (of Fumariaceae family) is a well-known traditional herb rich in biochemically active components. F. officinalis (common fumitory or earth smoke) is the most common species of the genus Fumaria in Western and Central Europe. Fumitory was officially recognised in 1986 by the French Health authorities as an herbal medicine which was traditionally used in renal and digestive elimination functions. By accurately looking to the name of fumitory, it is said to be derived either from the fact that its whitish,
blue-green colour gives it the appearance of smoke rising from the ground, or according to Pliny and Olivier de Serres (XIV century) because the juice of the plant brings on such a flow of tears that the sight becomes dim as with smoke and hence its reputed use in affections of the eye. This herb has been known since antiquity and was described in herbals from the Middle-Ages. It was mainly the Mediterranean genus which was once used as medicine and wound healing. In a meanwhile traditionally fumarity has been used as digestive and diuretic.
KEYWORDS Fumaria officinalis, Fumariaceae, ethno-botanical, herbal medicine,fumarity, pharmacological effects
Statement of originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Source of funding: None.
Competing interest / Conflict of interest:
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research,patents, and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense. The manuscript is original and is not published or communicated for publication elsewhere either in part or full.
Acknowledgement: The authors are grateful to all the people who helped them through the
process and all organizations which did not withhold any efforts for better handling of this
research.
Original article
Jayanta Kumar Barua1, Mausumi Basu2,Susmita Bhattacharya3, Kheya Mukherjee4, Debasish Sinha5, Anita Nandi6
1Assistant Professor, Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Leprosy,The School of Tropical Medicine, Kolkata
2Associate Professor, Department of Community Medicine, IPGME&R and SSKM Hospital, Kolkata
3 Professor and 4Assistant Professor, Department of Microbiology, N.R.S. Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata
5 Assistant Professor, Department of Community Medicine, IPGME&R/ SSKM Hospital, Kolkata
6 Assistant Professor, Department of Microbiology,Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed: NRMC & H,Kolkata adjacent to attributed.
Address reprint requests to
*Dr. Mausumi Basu,
Associate Professor,Department of Community Medicine, IPGME&R and SSKM Hospital, Kolkata, India
Article citation: Barua JK, Basu M, Bhattacharya S, Mukherjee K, Sinha D, Nandi A. Epidemiological profile of HIV patients in a tertiary care hospital of Kolkata. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2015;05(11):890–896. Available at www.jpbms.info
Abstract:
Background Approximately 20.89 lakh people were living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA) in India in 2011 with prevalence rate of 0.27%. Objectives To assess the prevalence of HIV among consented attendees and to analyse the epidemiological profile of HIV-positive clients diagnosed in an ICTC of Kolkata. Materials and Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out throughthe analysis of secondary data from July 2012 to June 2013 in an ICTC centre attached with microbiology department of a medical college, Kolkata; using a pre designed proforma. Data were analysed using Epi Info version 3.5.1 and Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS 22.0) software version. Results Counseling and testing services were provided to 14,679 clients; 158 were diagnosed as HIV positive with a prevalence of 1.07%; about 89.24% of seropositives belonged to age group of 15–49 years; males constituted 68.99%; 54.43% HIV were from rural area; 56.33% were married; literacy rate was 83.55%; 65.31% females were housewives; 39.8% of male clients undertook daily wage; 28.48% had sexual partner who were positive for HIV; 93.04% practiced high risk behaviour;78.48% acquired HIV through heterosexual route; 08.86% and 06.33% were involved in homosexual and bisexual practices respectively; and parent to child transmission rate was 5.70%. Conclusions This study provides an important clue to understand the epidemiology of HIV/ AIDS in a particular geographic region and to help an effective local planning for care, treatment and support of those infected and preventive strategies for those who are at risk.
KEYWORDS HIV positive clients, risk behaviour, ICTC, epidemiological profile
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Statement of originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Source of funding: None.
Competing interest / Conflict of interest:
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research,patents, and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.