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Original article
Dewi Oktavia1,2, Dyah Aryani Perwitasari1*, Woro Supadmi1
1 Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ahmad Dahlan, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
2 Sentosa Mother and Children Hospital Bogor, Indonesia
Address reprint requests to
Dyah Aryani Perwitasari, Pharmacy Faculty, Ahmad Dahlan University,Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Article citation: Oktavia D, Perwitasari DA, Supadmi W. Quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) of tuberculosis patients in the intensive and continuous phase in a private hospital of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2016; 06(01):27–30.Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
Context Tuberculosis is a disease with low quality of life (QoL) and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) due to illness, impairment of health conditions and death. QALYs combine the QoL as well as quantity of life with value judgments utility of individuals or society. Aims To compare the QoL and QALYs of tuberculosis patients between treatment on the intensive and the continuous phase. Settings and Design This study used cohort design in a private hospital of Yogyakarta.Subjects were patients with newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis and aged between 20 and 80 years. Materials and Methods Data was collected using Indonesian version of St. George Respiratory questionnaire (SGRQ) and using the scenario time trade off method (TTO) at the end of 1st , 2nd , and , 3rd month treatment. The score obtained was used to measure patients’ QoL and QALYs during the treatment phase.Statistical Analysis To determine the differences of QoL and QALY in the intensive and continuous phase we used the paired samples t-test. Results The average score of total QoL of tuberculosis patients using the SGRQ was 45.90% in intensive phase and 17.43% in the continuous phase (p < 0.05). While the average of QALYs values was 0.74 QALYs in intensive phase and 0.87 in the continuous phase (p < 0.05).Conclusions Patients with pulmonary tuberculosis undergoing treatment with oral antituberculosis gain 0.74 QALY in the intensive phase and 0.87 QALY in continuous phase. Tuberculosis patients’ QoL and QALY are better in the continuous phase than ones in the intensive phase.
KEYWORDS QALY, quality of life, tuberculosis, Indonesia
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Statement of originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
Research article
Rakesh Kumar Shahi1*,P. Nigam2
1 Professor of Medicine, B.R.D Medical College, Gorakhpur, UP, India
2 Ret. Professor and Head, Department of Medicine, B.R.D Medical College,Gorakhpur, UP, India
Address reprint requests to
*Dr Rakesh Kumar Shahi,
I-83 Rapti Nagar, Phase-IV Near BPCl, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh 273001, India
Institution to which the research is associated with:
B.R.D Medical College, Gorakhpur
Article citation: Shahi RK, Nigam P. Analysis of prescribing patterns of antihypertensive and antidiabetic medications in patients. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2016;06(01):23–26.Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
Background Prescription of irrational drug is now a day’s a common practice globally; it can result in increase on morbidity, mortality and economic burden on society. Aims and Objective To study on drug prescribing pattern of antihypertensive and antidiabetic medications. Materials and Methods A retrospective study on 150 diabetic patients attending OPD/ emergency/Indoor department of B.R.D Medical College and Nehru Chikitsalya Gorakhpur was done from May 2009 to October 2010. Results Most common antihypertensive and antidiabetic drug prescribed was calcium channel blockers in 71 (54%) and sulphonylurea in 108 (72%) patients.
KEYWORDS drug utilization, rational prescribing, fixed dose combinations, therapeutic audit, hypertensive patients
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Statement of originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
Research article
Lukpata Philip Ugbem1*,Esomonu Ugochukwu Godfrey,1Ewununu Edwin Ojim2,Mba Christian Ejuiwa1
1Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic medical sciences, Cross River University of Technology, Okuku Campus, Cross River State, Nigeria
2Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria
Address reprint requests to
*Lukpata PU,
Department of Anatomy,Faculty of Basic medical sciences, Cross River University of Technology, Okuku Campus, Cross River State, Nigeria
Article citation: Lukpata PU, Esomonu UG, Ewununu EO, Mba CE. Correlation between height and selected anthropometric parameters of the upper limbs of the Efiks people in Cross River state, Nigeria. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2016;06(01):47–50.
ABSTRACT
Anthropologists and forensic scientists as well anatomists have devised means to identify individuals in cases where whole human body is not found during disaster and only segment and fragment of body parts remains. This study aims to find out the correlation between stature and the four parameters; arm, forearm, hand length and
hand breadth. A total of 238 subjects (121 males and 117 females healthy indigenes) between the ages of 18–45 years were measured in Efiks population of Cross River state. The four parameters were significantly correlated (P < 0.05). The hand length (r = 0.609) and hand breadth (r = 0.583) were found the best correlated variable with stature, follow by forearm length (r = 0.543) while arm length (r = 0.206) showed the lowest. The result in this present study show that there was a positive correlation between height and three parameters thereby indicating that height could be predicted using hand length, hand breadth and forearm length among the Efiks people in Cross River state, Nigeria.
KEYWORDS height, correlation, upper extremity, Efiks, Cross River
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Statement of originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
Original article
Kiran Madhusudhan1*, Pujita B2
1 Professor of Microbiology, Sree Balaji Medical College & Hospital, Bharath University, Chennai
2 PG, Department of ENT, Sri Ramachandra Medical College & Hospital, Sri Ramachandra University, Chennai
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*Kiran Madhusudhan, Sree Balaji Medical College & Hospital, Bharath University,Chennai
Article citation: Kiran M, Pujita B. Review on pressure sores. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2016;06(01):44–46.Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
Pressure sore is a localised injury to the skin and underlying tissue caused due to unrelieved pressure on pressure points or bony prominences. The predisposing factors causing pressure ulcers are both intrinsic and extrinsic. Patients who are generally at risk, are those confined to bed or chair and unable to move without help. According to NPUAP (National pressure ulcer advisory panel), pressure ulcers can be categorised into four stages, and an unstageable category also exists. Staging helps to select the mode of treatment. Diagnosis is mainly by MRI, bone scan, bone biopsy and blood culture, if necessary. As the cost of treatment and complications due to pressure sores increase with the period of stay, it is better to adopt preventive methods strictly to “at risk” patients. Prevention includes, identification of “at risk” patients using the three risk assessment scales and follow interventions to reduce the risks. Goals of treatment consist of resolution of infection, promotion of wound healing and effective infection control and in advanced stages, use of newer approaches like negative pressure wound therapy (VAC therapy-vacuum-assisted closure) and surgery.
KEYWORDS pressure sore, capillary pressure, intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors,staging, sepsis, osteomyelitis, negative pressure therapy (VAC), risk assessment scales
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Statement of originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes
that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
Original article
Swyeta Jain Gupta1,*,Amit Gupta2,Vivek Gautam3,Kaushik Kumar Pandey4,Swati Choudhary5
1 Senior Lecturer, Department of Periodontics and Implantology, I.T.S. Centre for Dental Studies and Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
2 Senior Lecturer, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Microbiology, I.T.S. Dental College, Hospital and Research Centre, Greater Noida,Uttar Pradesh, India
3 Prosthodontics (Private practitioner), Gautam Multispeciality Dental Clinic, P N Plaza Complex, Sigra, Varanasi,Uttar Pradesh, India
4 Department of Prosthodontics Career Postgraduate Institute of Dental Science and Hospital, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh,India
5 Oral and Maxilllofacial Pathology, Delhi, India
Address reprint requests to
*Dr. Swyeta Jain Gupta,
Senior Lecturer,Department of Periodontics and Implantology,I.T.S. Centre for Dental Studies and Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
Article citation: Gupta SJ, Gupta A,Gautam V, Pandey KK, Choudhary S. RNA interference: an evolutionary pathway in periodontal tissue engineering. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2016;06(01):39–43. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
RNA interference (RNAi) is an evolutionary conserved silencing pathway in which the double-stranded RNA is broken down into small interfering RNA (siRNA) with the help of dicer and RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) complex by a series of steps. Pioneering observations on RNAi were reported in plants, but later on RNAi-related events were described in almost all eukaryotic organisms, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mouse and human cell lines.
KEYWORDS gene silencing, RNAi, DICER, RISC
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Statement of originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes
that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.