DocumentsDate added
Original Research
Qiu Zhifeng1,Gao Ruitao1,Ou Yang1,Wang Gaofang1,Liu Wu1,Li Sha2*,Jiang Jie1,3*
1 Institute of New Drug Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
2 Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
3 Dongguan Institute of Jinan University, Dongguan 523808, China
Address reprint requests to
*Dr. Jiang Jie,
Institute of New Drug Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China or
*Dr. Li Sha, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
Article citation: Zhifeng Q, Ruitao G, Yang O,Gaofang W, Wu L, Sha L, Jie J. The acute andsubacute toxicity study of apocynin nitrone: a potential antioxidative agent. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2016;06(02):76–80. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
Apocynin, one of the active ingredients of Picrorhiza Kurroa, has been reported to have efficacy in kinds of inflammation related diseases by using as an antioxidative agent. Apocynin nitrone (AN-1), a nitrone derivative of apocynin, was found to be a potential candidate, which showed good antioxidative activity stronger than the parent compound apocynin. This work is intended to evaluate the safety of AN-1 and find out a safe clinical dose range for its pharmacodynamic study in animals. In both acute and subacute toxicity test, the mice and rats showed no abnormality in general behaviour, body weight, food notransferase (AST), and demonstrated no histopathological change in heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney and brain as well. The maximum tolerant dose was 422.72 mg/kg/d by intraperitoneal injection and 3000 mg/kg/d by gavage in mice. In rats, at dose of 125 mg/kg/d, no abnormality was observed for 30-day administration of AN-1 by intraperitoneal injection, which was about 25 folds of the considered dose for pharmacodynamic study.
KEYWORDS apocynin nitrone, acute toxicity test, subacute toxicity test
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Statement of originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Source of funding: This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81441128), the National Science and Technology Support Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (2013BAH08F04) and the Guangzhou Science and Technology Project (2013J4500039) to Jie Jiang.
Source of funding: None.
Competing interest / Conflict of interest: The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents, and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
Short communication
Li-Feng Li1,2,Pradeep Singh1,2,Ping Ji1,2,Bi Zhang1,2*,Song-Song Zhu3
1 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
2 Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences,Chongqing, China
3 State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases,Sichuan University, Sichuan Chengdu, China
Address reprint requests to
*Dr. Bi Zhang,
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University,No. 426, North Songshi Road, Yubei District,Chongqing City - 401147, People’s Republic of China
Article citation: Li LF, Singh P, Ji P, Zhang B, Zhu SS. Repair of articular cartilage defect using NaOH-treated PLGA-[ASP-PEG]n scaffolds loaded adipose-derived stem cells and bone morphogenetic protein-2. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2016;06(02):102–105. Available at www.jpbms.info
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20936/jpbms/160204
ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of NaOH-treated PLGA-[ASP-PEG]n scaffolds with bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) modified adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) in repairing articular cartilage defects. To improve functions of chondrocytes including their adhesion, growth, differentiation and extracellular matrix synthesis, poly(lactic acid/glycolic acid/asparagic acid-co-polyethylene glycol [PLGA-[ASP-PEG]n] scaffolds were modified via chemical etching techniques using 1 N NaOH for 10 min. Articular cartilage defects of 3-mm diameter and 5-mm depth were created in the patellar groove of the femoral articular cartilage of rabbit’s knee joints.
The injury sites were treated with BMP-2 modified ADSCs/PLGA-[ASP-PEG]n and BMP-2 modified ADSCs/NaOH-treated PLGA-[ASP-PEG]n, or left empty. The defect area was evaluated using gross and histological examination. Results demonstrated that NaOH treated PLGA-[ASP-PEG]n scaffolds enhanced chondrocyte functions and present faster and more effective chondrogenesis compared to non-treated scaffolds. The present study demonstrated that NaOH-treated PLGA-[ASP-PEG]n scaffolds loaded BMP-2 modified ADSCs might be a promising treatment in repair of articular cartilage defect.
KEYWORDS articular cartilage, PLGA, ASP-PEG, BMP-2, ADSCs
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Statement of originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes
that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Sources of support: 1. Scientific and Technological Research Program of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission (Grant No.KJ1400216).
2. The Committee of Doctors’ Startup Foundation in the Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University.
Acknowledgement: The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University.
Competing interest / Conflict of interest: The authors have no competing interest for financial support, patents, and royalties through this collaborative research except the publication of this research. The authors Li-Feng Li and Pradeep Singh were equally involved in the discussed research work and should be considered as first joint authors. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Prafulla G Herode*, Satish Uchale,Abhijeet Shroff,Vinod Nair,Amit Chaudhary
Department of Orthopaedics, Dr. D.Y. Patil Medical College, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra,India
ABSTRACT
Background Distal radius fractures are the most frequent fractures in the upper extremity. In adults they show a wide range of variation and are responsible for 10–20% of all skeletal fractures. The advent of fixed-angle locking plates has addressed inadequacies such as non-locked plates and has improved fracture healing. The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy volar locking plate in the management of the intra-articular and extra-articular volar fractures of distal end of radius of as well as to report the radiological and functional outcomes.
Aims and Objectives To study the role of locking plate in volar fractures of distal end radius.
Materials and Methods This prospective study comprised 25 patients. Fresh simple volar fracture (age >20 yrs) of lower end of radius presenting within a week of injury, who were treated with volar locking plate fixation at tertiary care teaching hospital was carried out from April 2012 to November 2014. Patients were evaluated for Stewart I radiological scoring system and Functional Patient Rated Wrist Evaluation (PRWE) scoring system. The radiological and functional outcomes were measured and analysed using the ANOVA chi square test.
Results According to Stewart score, in this study, 22 (88%) cases showed satisfactory anatomical results (good and excellent) hence volar fractures of distal radius is associated with satisfactory anatomical end result. Patient rated wrist evaluation scoring showed 22 patients with satisfactory functional results (good and excellent) considering pain and functional activities and 3 patients with unsatisfactory results (fair and poor).
Conclusion Open reduction and internal fixation with volar Locking plating has excellent functional outcome with minimal complications thus proving that it is a good modality of treatment for distal end radius fractures.
Address reprint requests to
*Dr. Prafulla Govind Herode,
Associate Professor, Department of Orthopaedics, Dr. D.Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research centre, Pimpri, Pune 411108, India
Article citation: Herode PG, Uchale S,Shroff A, Nair V, Chaudhary A. Prospective study of distal end radius fracture volar type treated with open reduction internal fixation with plating. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2016;06(02):134–138.Available at www.jpbms.info
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16.Stewart HD, Innes AR, Burke FD. Functional cast bracing for Colles’ fracture. A comparison between cast-bracing and conventional plaster casts. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1984;66:749–753.
Statement of originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Sources of funding: None.
Competing interest / Conflict of interest:
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research,
patents, and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the
official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Indurkar Pallavi1,Shrivastava Roshani2,Singh Amita3,Singh Prabhakar4*
1 Demonstrator, Department of ENT,S.S. Medical College, Rewa, MP, India
2 PG 3rd year Student, Integral Institute of Medical Science & Research, Lucknow, UP, India
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Physiology, S.S. Medical College, Rewa, MP, India
4 Associate Professor, Department of Pharmacology, S.S. Medical College,Rewa, MP, India
Address reprint requests to
*Dr Prabhakar Singh.
Associate Professor, Pharmacology, S.S. Medical College,House No: 721/11, Indra Nagar, Bara, Rewa, MP, 486001, India
Article citation: Pallavi I, Roshani S,Amita S, Prabhakar S. Prescribe pattern of drugs and antimicrobials preferences in the department of ENT at tertiary care SGM hospital, Rewa, MP, India. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2016;06(02):89–93. Available at www.jpbms.info
DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.20936/jpbms/160202
ABSTRACT
Aims and Objectives The aim of this study is to analyze the prescription, determine the drug utilisation patterns and preferences of antimicrobials used in the Department of ENT OPD at a tertiary care hospital of central India, MP.
Materials and Methods The study was conducted in the Department of Pharmacology & ENT from September 2013 to June 2014. The prescriptions were collected randomly from the patients attending OPD of the ENT department; after taking the patients consent, a copy of the prescription was taken and analysed.
Results Total 316 prescriptions were analysed; most of the prescriptions (35.75%) belonged to the age group of 33–42 years, total 764 drugs were prescribed; in which maximum [34.29% (262)] belonged to antimicrobials group. Amongst antimicrobials (n = 262), fluoroquinolones [48.09% (126)] were the most frequently prescribed group followed by penicillin [37.40% (98)], and macrolides [11.83% (31)]. Overall, ciprofloxacin (24.42%) was most frequently prescribed antimicrobials (AMAs) followed by ofloxacin (22.13%), amoxicillin (16.03%), ampicillin (10.30%), azithromycin (7.25%), amoxicillin + cloxacillin (6.87%), amoxicillin + clavulanate (4.19%) and erythromycin (3.05%).
Conclusions Results of this study showed that AMAs, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and nutritional supplements were the most frequently prescribed drug groups. Ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, amoxicillin and ampicillin are most commonly prescribed antimicrobials in decreasing order. The total number of drugs per prescription is slightly more than that of WHO guidelines.
KEYWORDS prescriptions, ear, nose and throat (ENT), outpatient department (OPD), antimicrobials, polypharmacy
REFERENCES
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Statement of originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Sources of funding: None.
Competing interest / Conflict of interest: The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents, and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
Original article
Mohammed AlSaleh1*, Ahmed AlHazzaa1, Ahmed AlOmran1,Fatimah AlJamaan1, Murtada AlSalman1, AlSaleh, Essa2
Authors affiliations:
1 King Faisal University, College of Medicine Saudi Arabia
2 Infection Control Department, Prince Saud Bin Jalawi Hospital, Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
College of Medicine, King Faisal University,Saudi Arabia
Address reprint requests to
*Dr. Mohammed Essa AlSaleh, King Faisal University, AlAhsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
Article citation: AlSaleh M, AlHazzaa A,AlOmran A, AlJamaan F, AlSalman M, AlSaleh, E. Knowledge, attitudes and practices of medical students concerning hand hygiene in King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2016;06(02):94–101. Available at www.jpbms.info
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20936/jpbms/160203
ABSTRACT
Background Healthcare-associated infections are one of the principal public health problems among many countries all over the world. Hand hygiene is considered the most important measure to reduce the healthcare associated infections and prevent the cross transmission of microorganisms. The aim of the present study was to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices of medical students toward hand hygiene.
Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in King Faisal University Medical College, Saudi Arabia.
Results The response rate of medical students to the survey was 83.2%. Fifty three percent (53.6%) of the respondents were females, and 67.2% were from sixth year, compared to 32.8% from fifth year and 94.9% of females, compared to 87.1% of males identified that hand hygiene action before touching a patient prevents transmission of infection to patient (x 2 = 3.5, P = 0.061). The majority of the females (82.7%) as compared to 64.7% of males responded correctly that hand hygiene prevent transmission of infection to health care workers before aseptic procedure (x 2 = 7.68, P = 0.006). A small proportion of males (23.5%) and females (27.6%) had positive attitudes towards feeling frustrated when others pass over hand hygiene (x 2 = 9.56, P = 0.023). And 36.3% of males compared to 30.6% of females reported that they always adhere to correct hand hygiene practices at all times (x 2 = 6.42, P = 0.093).
Conclusion Healthcare associated infection control practices are influenced mainly by knowledge and attitudes of healthcare personnel. Medical students in King Faisal University showed proper hand hygiene knowledge and attitudes; however, compliance was rated as being poor. The deficiencies at all levels in knowledge and attitudes may lead to significant spread of healthcare associated infections.
KEYWORDS hand hygiene, medical students, knowledge, attitudes, practices, Saudi Arabia
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Statement of originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes
that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Sources of funding: None.
Acknowledgements: The authors would like to acknowledge all the students who shared in the distribution and collection of data especially the medical students Muntadher AlSaleh and his colleagues.
Competing interest / Conflict of interest: The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents, and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.