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Original article
Rathore Praveen K1,Amritesh Kumar2,Anamika Vyas3,Rajesh Bareja4*,Amar S Dalal5
1Department of Microbiology, Jodhpur Medical College & Hospital, Boranada,Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India – 342012
2,3,5 Department of Microbiology, Geetanjali Medical College & Hospital, Udaipur,Rajasthan,India – 313001
4 Department of Microbiology, S.R.M.S.Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhojipura,Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh – 243202
Address reprint requests to
*Rajesh Bareja,
Assistant professor,Department of Microbiology, SRMS Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhojipura, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243202, India
Article citation: Praveen RK, Amritesh K,Anamika V, Rajesh B. Incidence of rubella antibodies among pregnant women in a tertiary care hospital. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2016;06(02):110–114. Available at www.jpbms.info
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20936/jpbms/160206
ABSTRACT
Background In itself, the disease is trivial but rubella in pregnant women may lead to congenital malformations in the baby. Aims and Objective This study was aimed to determine and analyse the prevalence of rubella antibodies among pregnant women.Materials and Methods A total of 100 pregnant women were included in this study. Out of 100 pregnant women, 38 cases were from 1st trimester, 35 from 2nd trimester and 27 cases from 3rd trimester. About 2–3 ml of blood sample was collected aseptically from pregnant women at the antenatal clinic and was processed accordingly for detection of IgG and IgM antibodies specific for rubella virus by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).
Results Out of 100, 94% and 7% of pregnant women were seropositive for anti-rubella IgG and IgM antibodies, respectively. Highest seropositivity for rubella IgG was found in age group 20–25 years (97.61%) followed by 26–30 years (91.89%). Higher seropositivity for rubella IgG antibodies was observed in female residents of rural areas (94.59%) as compared to those residents of urban areas (93.65%).
Conclusion Prevention of morbidity and mortality from rubella infection depends on prevention of infection in childbearing women and early recognition of maternal infection.
KEYWORDS ELISA, IgG, IgM, pregnant women, rubella
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29.Expanded programme on immunization. Rubella outbreak. Wkly Epidemiol Rec. 1994;69:333–36.
Statement of originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes
that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Sources of support: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest: The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research,patents, and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
CASE REPORT
Sujatha MS1,Suma KB2,Poornima M3,Shashikala G4,Sowmyashree5,Surakshith L Gowda6*,Divyasree B7,Hemanthamani8
1Professor and Unit Chief, Department of OBG, JSS Medical College, JSS University,Mysore, Karnataka, India
2Professor, Department of OBG, JSS Medical College, JSS University, Mysore,Karnataka,India
3Assistant Professor, Department of OBG,JSS Medical College, JSS University,Mysore,Karnataka,India
4,5Senior Resident, Department of OBG, JSS Medical College, JSS University, Mysore,Karnataka,India
6,7,8Junior Resident, Department of OBG, JSS Medical College, JSS University,Mysore, Karnataka, India
Address reprint requests to
*Surakshith L Godwda, Junior Resident,#140/4, 2nd Cross, Shankarmutt Road,Fort Mohalla, Mysore 570004, India
Article citation: Sujatha MS, Suma KB,Poornima M, Shashikala G, Sowmyashree,Surakshith L Gowda, Divyasree B,Hemanthamani. Heterotopic pregnancy in natural conception: a rare clinical entity.J Pharm Biomed Sci 2016;06(02):86–88. Available at www.jpbms.info
DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.20936/jpbms/160201
ABSTRACT
Spontaneous heterotopic pregnancy is a rare condition in a natural cycle without any risk factors and it is difficult to assess as pain and bleeding might be attributed to threatened abortion also. We are reporting a case of spontaneous heterotopic pregnancy in a natural cycle which was missed in the initial transvaginal scan and was reported to be an intrauterine
pregnancy which later presented with clinical features of ruptured ectopic pregnancy. So, if assisted reproduction technique (ART) is not involved, the index of suspicion of a heterotopic pregnancy is usually very low and can cause more serious complications as diagnosis may be delayed.
KEYWORDS heterotopic pregnancy, threatened abortion, transvaginal ultrasound, ectopic
pregnancy
REFERENCES
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2.Basile F, Di Cesare C, Quagliozzi L, Donati L, Bracaglia M, Caruso A, Paradisi G. Spontaneous heterotopic pregnancy, simultaneous ovarian, and intrauterine: a case report. Case Rep Obstet Gynecol. 2012;2012:509694.
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8.Dündar O, tütüncü L, Müngen E, Muhcu M, Yergök YZ.Heterotopic pregnancy: tubal ectopic pregnancy and monochorionic monoamniotic twin pregnancy: a case report. Perinat J. 2006;14:96–100.
9.Callen PW. Ultrasonography in obstetrics and gynecology. In: Levine D (ed): Ectopic Pregnancy, 5th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders Elsevier; pp. 1020–47.
10.Bourgon DR. Ectopic pregnancy. eMedicine. Available from: http://www.emedicine.com/radio/topic231.htm.
11.Lialios GA, Kallitsaris A, Kabisios T, Messinis IE. Ruptured heterotopic interstitial pregnancy: rare case of acute abdomen in a Jehovah’s witness patient. Fertil Steril. 2008;90(1200):e15–7.
Statement of originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Source of funding: None.
Competing interest / Conflict of interest: The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents,and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
Research article
Nahla H. Anber1*,Magdy Z. EL-Ghannam2, Gamal A. El-Kheshen3,Mahmoud I. Bialy2
1 Fellow of Biochemistry, Emergency Hospital, Mansoura University, Mansoura
2 Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, New Damietta, Egypt
3 Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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*Nahla Hamed Anber,
Fellow of Biochemistry, Emergency Hospital, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
Article citation: Anber NH, EL-Ghannam MZ, El-Kheshen GA, Bialy MI. Evaluation of serum zinc level in Egyptian patients with hepatitis C-associated cirrhosis. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2016;06(02):81–85. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
Hepatitis C viral infection is a common health problem in Egypt. The complications of HCV include cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Zinc is a micronutrient that plays role in immune system and antioxidant system. Zinc is thought to be associated with HCV-related hepatic complications.
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the level of serum zinc in patients with different stages of hepatitis C associated liver cirrhosis and HCC. This cross-sectional study was carried out in 75 patients with various stages of HCV associated liver affections. They included 25 early cirrhotic patients on top of HCV with positive U/S and laboratory tests for cirrhosis with positive viral markers for HCV, 25 patients with advanced cirrhosis on top of HCV and 25 patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma on top of HCV with a positive U/S and triphasic CT for malignant focal lesions with positive viral markers for HCV. In addition, 25 healthy subjects were recruited as a control group. Blood samples were obtained from each subject a subjected for full laboratory studies for biochemical liver functions tests, prothrombin time and Zinc determination.
There were statistically significant differences in late cirrhosis, HCC and control groups regarding albumin (ALB) and total bilirubin (T. Bil) (P < 0.001). Prothrombin time had statistically significant prolonged time (P < 0.001) in early cirrhotic group, 14.75 ± 0.75 seconds, late cirrhotic group was 16.7 ± 2.2 seconds and in HCC group was 17.5 ± 2.9 seconds than the standard value of prothrombin time (11–13 seconds) and INR (0.9–1.1). There were statistically significant (P < 0.001) differences between early cirrhosis (103.8 ± 9.7) and control groups (122.4 ± 7.1) as regard to serum zinc. There were statistically significant differences (P < 0.001) between late cirrhosis (94.0 ± 12.7), HCC (94.0 ± 12.7) and control groups (122.4 ± 7.1) with regard to serum zinc. There were insignificant correlations between ALT, AST, bilirubin, albumin and serum zinc level.
From the present study we can conclude that serum zinc level decreases significantly in chronic HCV infection with liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The decrease of serum zinc can be used as a laboratory parameter for evaluation of liver status in cases of liver dysfunction on top of HCV. It is recommended to evaluate the role of zinc supplementation in treating clinical manifestation of liver cirrhosis and liver cell failure associated with HCV.
KEYWORDS HCV, HCC, liver cirrhosis, zinc
Statement of originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Source of funding: None.
Competing interest / Conflict of interest: The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents,and royalties through this collaborative research.
All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
Original article
Vinod Nair,Satish Uchale,Prafulla Govind Herode,Aabhijeet Shroff,Krishan Yadav*
Department of Orthopaedics, Dr. D.Y. Patil Medical College, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra
Address reprint requests to
*Dr. Krishan Yadav,
Department of Orthopaedics, Dr. D.Y. Patil Medical College, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra, India
Article citation: Nair V, Uchale S, Herode PG, Shroff A, Yadav K. Comparative study between the role of medial LCP and anterolateral LCP in the management of fractures of distal tibia. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2016;06(02):115–120. Available at www. jpbms. info
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20936/jpbms/160207
ABSTRACT
Background As the civilisation proceeds towards industrialisation more and more accidents have been experienced. In almost all over the world, the incidence of road traffic and industrial accidents are growing up, resulting in fracture of various bones of body. Leg bones fracture are very common because it is the most distal part of the body and is actively involved in locomotive system. Out of all the leg bones fracture, a significant number of cases are of distal tibia which are generally comminuted in nature and are unstable. As these fractures occur in proximity of weight bearing surface of ankle joint, a slight maladjustment in inclination of ankle joint may lead to permanent disability. Besides closed reduction with casting many osteosynthesis techniques can be used for these fracture such open reduction and internal fixation with locking plate, external fixation with or without limited internal fixation, intra-medullary nailing. Two types of LCP can be used in the management of fractures of distal one third of tibia i.e. medial LCP and the newer anterolateral LCP.
Aims and Objectives To study the management of fractures of distal tibia using medial LCP and anterolateral LCP and to assess and compare the end results of above procedure in terms of benefits and complications.
Materials and Methods This is a prospective randomised study from December 2013 to December 2015 for management of distal tibia fractures treated by medial LCP and Anterolateral LCP.
Results Study was performed on 50 patients out of which 25 were treated by medial LCP and 25 by anterolateral LCP. In study it was seen that medial and anterolateral plating duration of surgery, time of appearance of callus, and time for full weight bearing of patient were almost same but infection rate and hardware problem was lower in anterolateral plating.
Conclusion The objective is to obtain anatomic realignment of the joint surface while providing enough stability to allow early motion. This should be accomplished using techniques that minimise osseous and soft tissue devascularisation in the hopes of decreasing the complications resulting from treatment.
KEYWORDS distal tibia fractures, internal fixation, open reduction, Laughansen, mortise view, anatomical reduction
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Statement of originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Sources of support: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest: The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research,patents, and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
Review article
Bharati Kolliyavar1*,Leena Shettar2,Srinath Thakur3
1* Assistant Professor, Department of Periodontics & Oral Implantology, SDM College of Dental Sciences & Hospital,Sattur, Dharwad, Karnataka, India
2 Professor and Head of Department of Periodontics, SDM College of Dental Sciences & Hospital, Sattur, Dharwad,Karnataka, India
3 Professor and Principal, SDM College of Dental Sciences & Hospital, Sattur,Dharwad, Karnataka, India
Address reprint requests to
*Dr. Bharati Kolliyavar, Assistant Professor, Department of Periodontics & Oral Implantology, SDM College of Dental Sciences & Hospital, Sattur, Dharwad, Karnataka, India
Article citation: Kolliyavar B, Shettar L,Thakur S. Chlorhexidine: the gold standard mouth wash. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2016;06(02):106–109.Available at www.jpbms.info
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20936/jpbms/160205
ABSTRACT
Chlorhexidine (CHX) is used as the broad spectrum antiseptic since 1950. It is a widely used mouth wash because of its antiplaque and antigingivitis properties. Antibacterial activity of CHX is mainly by disrupting bacterial cell membrane, which causes leakage of cellular constituents and brings about cell death. Bactericidal and bacteriostatic activity depends on the dosage. This article discusses various clinical applications, properties and adverse effects of CHX.
KEYWORDS chlorhexidine, mouth wash, antiplaque agent
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16.Franco Neto CA, Parolo CC, Rösing CK, Maltz M. Comparative analysis of the effect of two chlorhexidine mouth rinses on plaque accumulation and gingival bleeding. Braz Oral Res. 2008;22(2):139–44.
17.Van Leewen MP, Slot DE, Vander Weijden GA. Essential oil compared to chlorhexidine with respect to plaque and parameters of gingival inflammation a systematic review. J Periodontol.2011;82:174–94.
18.Papaionnou W, Vassilopoulos S, Vrotsos I, Margaritis V, Panis V. A comparison of a new alcohol-free 0.2% chlorhexidine oral rinse to an established 0.2% chlorhexidine rinse with alcohol for the control of dental plaque accumulation. Int J Dent Hyg. September 2015 [Epub ahead of print].
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Statement of originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes
that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Sources of support: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest: The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research,patents, and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.