DocumentsDate added
Review article
Bharati Kolliyavar1*,Leena Shettar2,Srinath Thakur3
1* Assistant Professor, Department of Periodontics & Oral Implantology, SDM College of Dental Sciences & Hospital,Sattur, Dharwad, Karnataka, India
2 Professor and Head of Department of Periodontics, SDM College of Dental Sciences & Hospital, Sattur, Dharwad,Karnataka, India
3 Professor and Principal, SDM College of Dental Sciences & Hospital, Sattur,Dharwad, Karnataka, India
Address reprint requests to
*Dr. Bharati Kolliyavar, Assistant Professor, Department of Periodontics & Oral Implantology, SDM College of Dental Sciences & Hospital, Sattur, Dharwad, Karnataka, India
Article citation: Kolliyavar B, Shettar L,Thakur S. Chlorhexidine: the gold standard mouth wash. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2016;06(02):106–109.Available at www.jpbms.info
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20936/jpbms/160205
ABSTRACT
Chlorhexidine (CHX) is used as the broad spectrum antiseptic since 1950. It is a widely used mouth wash because of its antiplaque and antigingivitis properties. Antibacterial activity of CHX is mainly by disrupting bacterial cell membrane, which causes leakage of cellular constituents and brings about cell death. Bactericidal and bacteriostatic activity depends on the dosage. This article discusses various clinical applications, properties and adverse effects of CHX.
KEYWORDS chlorhexidine, mouth wash, antiplaque agent
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Statement of originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes
that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Sources of support: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest: The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research,patents, and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
Original article
Sarat Kumar Behera*,Sudeep Kumar Patra,Saiprasanna Behera
Department of TB and Chest, Hi-Tech Medical College & Hospital, Pandara, Rasulgarh,Bhubaneswar, Odisha-751025, India
Address reprint requests to
*Dr. Sarat Kumar Behera,
Associate Professor, Department of TB and Chest,Hi-Tech Medical College & Hospital,Pandara, Rasulgarh, Bhubaneswar,Odisha-751025, India
Article citation: Behera SK, Patra SK,Behera S. A study on budesonide/formoterol vs. fluticasone/salmeterol inhaled combination in moderate to severe asthma. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2016;06(02):124–129.Available at www.jpbms.info
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20936/jpbms/160209
ABSTRACT
Background and Objectives The addition of an inhaled long-acting β2-agonist (LABA) to an inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) gives optimal control of asthma in most patients. The LABA salmeterol xinafoate (salmeterol) with inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) fluticasone propionate (fluticasone) and formoterol with budesonide are available as a combination product pMDI in a single aerosol inhaler. This study compared the efficacy and safety of commercially available salmeterol/fluticasone with formeterol/budesonide.
Materials and Methods Patients aged >12 years inclusive of either sex (N = 40) with persistent asthma as defined by NHLBI for >6 months prior to screening were included in the study. After a screening phase (1 week), eligible patients were enrolled in the study with 2 weeks run-in period. Eligible patients were randomized to receive either of the two treatment groups [HFA-propelled pMDI salmeterol/fluticasone (50/100 mcg) or HFA propelled formoterol/budesonide (6/100 mcg) pMDI] in a ratio of 1:1 for the 12-week treatment period. The primary objective was to demonstrate non-inferiority of salmeterol/fluticasone vs. formoterol/budesonide, measured by mean pre-dose forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), at week 12.
Results This study provides evidence for the primary efficacy endpoint that salmeterol/ fluticasone was statistically as well as clinically non-inferior to formoterol/budesonide in the treatment of patients with persistent asthma. This was supported by secondary endpoints which demonstrate that salmeterol/fluticasone appeared to be comparable to formoterol/budesonide in terms of efficacy for the secondary efficacy endpoints (morning PEFR, evening PEFR, diurnal variability of PEFR, daytime and night-time asthma symptoms score, average need for short-acting β2-agonists, proportion of patients that required rescue medication, patients with nocturnal asthma, patients without asthma symptoms of score 0 and average number of days without asthma symptoms of score 0). Salmeterol/fluticasone was safe and well tolerated; and safety profile is comparable to comparator formoterol/budesonide.
Conclusion The results of this study demonstrate that HFA formulations of salmeterol/fluticasone and formoterol/budesonide are clinically interchangeable. Overall, the study indicates that HFA-propelled salmeterol/fluticasone (50/100 mcg) pMDI was safe, well tolerated and non-inferior in efficacy compared to HFA-propelled formoterol/budesonide (6/100 mcg) pMDI.
KEYWORDS acute intestinal obstruction, gastrointestinal, adhesions
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Statement of originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes
that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Sources of support: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest: The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research,patents, and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
Original article
Mohammed AlSaleh1*, Ahmed AlHazzaa1, Ahmed AlOmran1,Fatimah AlJamaan1, Murtada AlSalman1, AlSaleh, Essa2
Authors affiliations:
1 King Faisal University, College of Medicine Saudi Arabia
2 Infection Control Department, Prince Saud Bin Jalawi Hospital, Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
College of Medicine, King Faisal University,Saudi Arabia
Address reprint requests to
*Dr. Mohammed Essa AlSaleh, King Faisal University, AlAhsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
Article citation: AlSaleh M, AlHazzaa A,AlOmran A, AlJamaan F, AlSalman M, AlSaleh, E. Knowledge, attitudes and practices of medical students concerning hand hygiene in King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2016;06(02):94–101. Available at www.jpbms.info
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20936/jpbms/160203
ABSTRACT
Background Healthcare-associated infections are one of the principal public health problems among many countries all over the world. Hand hygiene is considered the most important measure to reduce the healthcare associated infections and prevent the cross transmission of microorganisms. The aim of the present study was to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices of medical students toward hand hygiene.
Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in King Faisal University Medical College, Saudi Arabia.
Results The response rate of medical students to the survey was 83.2%. Fifty three percent (53.6%) of the respondents were females, and 67.2% were from sixth year, compared to 32.8% from fifth year and 94.9% of females, compared to 87.1% of males identified that hand hygiene action before touching a patient prevents transmission of infection to patient (x 2 = 3.5, P = 0.061). The majority of the females (82.7%) as compared to 64.7% of males responded correctly that hand hygiene prevent transmission of infection to health care workers before aseptic procedure (x 2 = 7.68, P = 0.006). A small proportion of males (23.5%) and females (27.6%) had positive attitudes towards feeling frustrated when others pass over hand hygiene (x 2 = 9.56, P = 0.023). And 36.3% of males compared to 30.6% of females reported that they always adhere to correct hand hygiene practices at all times (x 2 = 6.42, P = 0.093).
Conclusion Healthcare associated infection control practices are influenced mainly by knowledge and attitudes of healthcare personnel. Medical students in King Faisal University showed proper hand hygiene knowledge and attitudes; however, compliance was rated as being poor. The deficiencies at all levels in knowledge and attitudes may lead to significant spread of healthcare associated infections.
KEYWORDS hand hygiene, medical students, knowledge, attitudes, practices, Saudi Arabia
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Statement of originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes
that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Sources of funding: None.
Acknowledgements: The authors would like to acknowledge all the students who shared in the distribution and collection of data especially the medical students Muntadher AlSaleh and his colleagues.
Competing interest / Conflict of interest: The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents, and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Indurkar Pallavi1,Shrivastava Roshani2,Singh Amita3,Singh Prabhakar4*
1 Demonstrator, Department of ENT,S.S. Medical College, Rewa, MP, India
2 PG 3rd year Student, Integral Institute of Medical Science & Research, Lucknow, UP, India
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Physiology, S.S. Medical College, Rewa, MP, India
4 Associate Professor, Department of Pharmacology, S.S. Medical College,Rewa, MP, India
Address reprint requests to
*Dr Prabhakar Singh.
Associate Professor, Pharmacology, S.S. Medical College,House No: 721/11, Indra Nagar, Bara, Rewa, MP, 486001, India
Article citation: Pallavi I, Roshani S,Amita S, Prabhakar S. Prescribe pattern of drugs and antimicrobials preferences in the department of ENT at tertiary care SGM hospital, Rewa, MP, India. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2016;06(02):89–93. Available at www.jpbms.info
DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.20936/jpbms/160202
ABSTRACT
Aims and Objectives The aim of this study is to analyze the prescription, determine the drug utilisation patterns and preferences of antimicrobials used in the Department of ENT OPD at a tertiary care hospital of central India, MP.
Materials and Methods The study was conducted in the Department of Pharmacology & ENT from September 2013 to June 2014. The prescriptions were collected randomly from the patients attending OPD of the ENT department; after taking the patients consent, a copy of the prescription was taken and analysed.
Results Total 316 prescriptions were analysed; most of the prescriptions (35.75%) belonged to the age group of 33–42 years, total 764 drugs were prescribed; in which maximum [34.29% (262)] belonged to antimicrobials group. Amongst antimicrobials (n = 262), fluoroquinolones [48.09% (126)] were the most frequently prescribed group followed by penicillin [37.40% (98)], and macrolides [11.83% (31)]. Overall, ciprofloxacin (24.42%) was most frequently prescribed antimicrobials (AMAs) followed by ofloxacin (22.13%), amoxicillin (16.03%), ampicillin (10.30%), azithromycin (7.25%), amoxicillin + cloxacillin (6.87%), amoxicillin + clavulanate (4.19%) and erythromycin (3.05%).
Conclusions Results of this study showed that AMAs, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and nutritional supplements were the most frequently prescribed drug groups. Ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, amoxicillin and ampicillin are most commonly prescribed antimicrobials in decreasing order. The total number of drugs per prescription is slightly more than that of WHO guidelines.
KEYWORDS prescriptions, ear, nose and throat (ENT), outpatient department (OPD), antimicrobials, polypharmacy
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Statement of originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Sources of funding: None.
Competing interest / Conflict of interest: The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents, and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
Original article
Vinod Nair,Satish Uchale,Prafulla Govind Herode,Aabhijeet Shroff,Krishan Yadav*
Department of Orthopaedics, Dr. D.Y. Patil Medical College, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra
Address reprint requests to
*Dr. Krishan Yadav,
Department of Orthopaedics, Dr. D.Y. Patil Medical College, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra, India
Article citation: Nair V, Uchale S, Herode PG, Shroff A, Yadav K. Comparative study between the role of medial LCP and anterolateral LCP in the management of fractures of distal tibia. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2016;06(02):115–120. Available at www. jpbms. info
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20936/jpbms/160207
ABSTRACT
Background As the civilisation proceeds towards industrialisation more and more accidents have been experienced. In almost all over the world, the incidence of road traffic and industrial accidents are growing up, resulting in fracture of various bones of body. Leg bones fracture are very common because it is the most distal part of the body and is actively involved in locomotive system. Out of all the leg bones fracture, a significant number of cases are of distal tibia which are generally comminuted in nature and are unstable. As these fractures occur in proximity of weight bearing surface of ankle joint, a slight maladjustment in inclination of ankle joint may lead to permanent disability. Besides closed reduction with casting many osteosynthesis techniques can be used for these fracture such open reduction and internal fixation with locking plate, external fixation with or without limited internal fixation, intra-medullary nailing. Two types of LCP can be used in the management of fractures of distal one third of tibia i.e. medial LCP and the newer anterolateral LCP.
Aims and Objectives To study the management of fractures of distal tibia using medial LCP and anterolateral LCP and to assess and compare the end results of above procedure in terms of benefits and complications.
Materials and Methods This is a prospective randomised study from December 2013 to December 2015 for management of distal tibia fractures treated by medial LCP and Anterolateral LCP.
Results Study was performed on 50 patients out of which 25 were treated by medial LCP and 25 by anterolateral LCP. In study it was seen that medial and anterolateral plating duration of surgery, time of appearance of callus, and time for full weight bearing of patient were almost same but infection rate and hardware problem was lower in anterolateral plating.
Conclusion The objective is to obtain anatomic realignment of the joint surface while providing enough stability to allow early motion. This should be accomplished using techniques that minimise osseous and soft tissue devascularisation in the hopes of decreasing the complications resulting from treatment.
KEYWORDS distal tibia fractures, internal fixation, open reduction, Laughansen, mortise view, anatomical reduction
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Statement of originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Sources of support: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest: The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research,patents, and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.