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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Shastrulagari S. Shivani1*,Srujan Kumar M2
1.Department of Pharmaceutics, Samskruti College of Pharmacy, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
2.Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Research Center, Bhagwant University, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Department of Pharmaceutics, Samskruthi College of Pharmacy
Address reprint requests to:
*Shastrulagari S. Shivani, House No: 6-1-700, Laxmi Nagar, Khairathabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
Article citation: Shivani SS, Srujan MK. Novel vesicular carrier for enhanced transdermal delivery of tramadol hydrochloride transfersomal gel. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2016;06(03):139–144.Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
The main aim of current probe is to formulate and evaluate transfersomal gel for effective transdermal delivery of Tramadol Hcl. It was investigated by encapsulating the drug in various formulations which composed of various ratios of phosphatidyl choline, propylene glycol and ethanol prepared by lipid film hydration by conventional rotary evaporation method. The shapes of most Tramadol Hcl-containing Transfersomes were found to be spherical from SEM analysis. The percentage entrapment efficiency of optimised formulation T5 were found to be 92.71±0.56. The prepared formulations had been characterised for the loaded drug amount and vesicle size. The prepared vesicular systems were incorporated into 1% carbopol 934 gel. In vitro skin permeation studies were carried out by cellophane membrane using a Franz diffusion cell. Transfersome gel was found to increase the skin permeation and deposition showing a controlled effect.
KEYWORDS Tramadol hydrochloride, Transfersomes, transdermal delivery, entrapment efficiency, in vitro drug permeation studies
REFERENCES
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Statement of originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Sources of funding: None.
Acknowledgement: The author wish to thank the management of Samskruti College of Pharmacy and Comprime Labs Pvt Ltd for providing the necessary facilities for carrying out the research work. Also want to thank my parents, brothers for their support and encouragement.
Competing interest / Conflict of interest: The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents, and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Manju1,Vanita Kumar1,Neelu Gupta1,Akhil Kapoor2*,Harvindra Singh Kumar2
1 Department of Pathology, Sardar Patel Medical College & Associated Group of Hospitals, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India
2 Department of Oncology, Acharya Tulsi Regional Cancer Treatment & Research Institute, Sardar Patel Medical College & Associated Group of Hospitals, Bikaner,Rajasthan, India
Address reprint requests to
*Dr. Akhil Kapoor, Room No. 73, PG Boys Hostel, PBM Hospital Campus, Bikaner,Rajasthan, India 334003
Article citation: Manju, Kumar V, Gupta N, Kapoor A, Kumar HS. Role of bone marrow aspiration and biopsy in diagnosis of hematological disorders: a prospective study. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2016; 06(03):150–154. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
Background The use of bone marrow biopsy as a diagnostic procedure is being increasingly used in recent years. In the present study, an attempt has been made to find out the diagnostic utility of bone marrow aspiration and biopsy with their comparative study. The objective of this study is to correlate the bone marrow aspiration and biopsy findings.
Materials and Methods This study was hospital-based prospective study in which 35 consecutive patients with haematological disorders were evaluated by both bone marrow aspiration and biopsy. The results were compared with that of previously published literature.
Results Out of 35 cases, maximum number of cases were of acute leukemias 12 (34.28%) followed by lymphoprotiferatide disorders 7 (25%), and one case (2.86%) of myelodysplastic syndrome. Bone marrow aspiration resulted in dry tap in 4 (11.42%)cases, which was observed in aplastic anaemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, primary myelofibrosis and NHL, one case in each.
Conclusions Bone marrow biopsy is more reliable in assessing cellularity, bone marrow architectural pattern, distribution and fibrosis. Bone marrow biopsy is diagnostic investigation in ‘dry tap’ aspiration cases, which occur when the marrow is fibrotic or densely cellular. Overall both the procedures are complementary to each other and must be performed together for better evaluation of bone marrow.
KEYWORDS bone marrow aspiration, bone marrow biopsy, haematological disorders
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16.Sitalakshmi S, Srikrishna A, Devi S, Damodar P, Alexander B. The diagnostic utility of bone marrow trephine biopsies. Indian J Pathol Microbiol. 2005;48(2):173–6.
17.De Wolf-Peeters C. Bone marrow trephine interpretation: diagnostic utility and potential pitfalls. Histopathology. 1991;18:489–93.
18.Rao S, Sen R, Singh S, Ghalut PS, Arora BB. Grading of marrow fibrosis in chronic myeloid leukemia- a comprehensive approach. Indian J Pathol Microbiol. 2005;48(3):341–4.
19.Clough V, Greary CG, Hashmik, Davson J, Knowlson T. Myelofibrosis in chronic granulocytic leukemia. Br J Hematol. 1979;42:515–26.
20.Gralnick HR, Harbor J, Vogel C. Myclofibrosis in chronic granulocytic leukemia. Blood. 1971;37:152–62.
Statement of originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Sources of funding: None.
Competing interest / Conflict of interest: The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents, and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript. The first two authors contributed equally to the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
REVIEW ARTICLE
Ishwar Charan1,Kedar Nath1,Namrata Jagawat2,Akhil Kapoor3*
1 Department of Surgery, Sardar Patel Medical College and Associated Group of hospitals, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India
2 Department of Radiology, BJ Medical College and Associated Group of hospitals, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
3 Department of Oncology, Sardar Patel Medical College and Associated Group of Hospitals, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India
Address reprint requests to
*Dr. Akhil Kapoor, Room No. 73, PG Boys Hostel, Bikaner, Rajasthan 334003, India
Article citation: Charan I, Nath K, Jagawat N, Kapoor A. Neoplasms arising from the salivary gland: a comprehensive review. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2016;06(03): 145–149.Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
Salivary gland neoplasms make up 6% of all head and neck tumours. About 80% of parotid neoplasms are benign, with the relative proportion of malignancy increasing in the smaller glands. Carefully planned and executed surgical excision is the primary treatment for all primary salivary gland tumours. An electronic search of the Pubmed database was performed to obtain key literature in the field of salivary gland neoplasm and its management. The data from the relevant articles were studied and evaluated to write this review article.
KEYWORDS parotid tumour, salivary gland, neoplasm, management.
REFERENCES
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13.Kim WS, Lee HS, Park YM, et al. Surgical outcomes of parotid cancer: a 10-year experience. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2012;147(2 Suppl):180–1.
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15.Terhaard CH, Lubsen H, Van der Tweel I, Hilgers FJ, Eijkenboom WM, Marres HA, et al. Salivary gland carcinoma: independent prognostic factors for locoregional control, distant metastases, and overall survival: results of the Dutch head and neck oncology cooperative group. Head Neck. 2004;26(8):681–92; discussion 692–3.
16.Wax MK, Kaylie DM. Does a positive neural margin affect outcome in facial nerve grafting? Head Neck. 2007;29(6):546–9.
17.Magnano M, Gervasio CF, Cravero L, Machetta G, Lerda W,Beltramo G. Treatment of malignant neoplasms of the parotid gland. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1999;121(5):627–32.
18.Renehan AG, Gleave EN, Slevin NJ, McGurk M. Clinico-pathological and treatment-related factors influencing survival in parotid cancer. Br J Cancer. 1999;80(8):1296–300.
19.Iseli TA, Karnell LH, Preston TW, Graham SM, Funk GF, Buatti JM, et al. Facial nerve sacrifice and radiotherapy in parotid adenoid cystic carcinoma. Laryngoscope. 2008;118(10):1781–6.
20.Casler JD, Conley JJ. Surgical management of adenoid cystic carcinoma in the parotid gland. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1992;106(4):332–8.
Statement of originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Sources of funding: None.
Competing interest / Conflict of interest: The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents, and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript. The first two authors contributed equally to the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Alin Kumar Nayak1*,Amit Anand2,Duryodhan Sahoo3
1 Dr Alin Kumar Nayak 3rd year PG student, Department of General Surgery,
Hi-Tech Medical College and Hospital, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
2 Dr Amit Anand, 3rd year PG student, Department of General Surgery, Hi-Tech Medical College and Hospital, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
3 Dr Duryodhan Sahoo, M.S., Professor, Department of General Surgery, Hi-Tech Medical College and Hospital, Bhubaneshwar, Odisha, India
The name of the department(s) and
institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Department of general surgery, Hi-tech Medical College and Hospital, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
Address reprint requests to
*Dr Alin Kumar Nayak,
3rd yearr PG student, Department of General Surgery, Hi-Tech Medical College and Hospital, Bhubaneshwar, Odisha, India
Article citation: Nayak AK, Anand A, Sahoo D. Role of pathological organisms in gallstone disease. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2016;06(03):155–157. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
Background Gallstone disease is the commonest disease in India. Patients present with pain abdomen and nausea and vomiting. This study deals with etiology, pathogenesis including the role of bacteria in the formation of gallstones. It also deals with role of bacteria in different type of gallstones. By knowing the bacteriological etiology it will help in prevention as well as better treatment of gallstone disease in the features.
Materials and Methods Sixty patients with gallstone disease who underwent cholecystectomy in Hi-Tech Medical College and Hospital during October 2013 to September 2015 were studied. Data related to the objectives of the study were collected.
Results Majority of patients with gallstone disease were women aged from 41 to 50 years. Male to female ratio was 1:3. Most of the patients had mixed gallstones (31 cases) followed by pigment stones (19 cases) and cholesterol stones (10 cases) in the gallbladder. Bile culture was positive in 18 cases. Highest proportion of bile culture positivity was found in pigment gallstones i.e. 8 out of 19 cases. Escherichia coli was the most common organism isolated from the bile culture.
Conclusion We conclude that gallstone disease is common in women aged 41–50 years. Infection plays a major role in the formation of pigment gallstones. The role of bacteria in cholesterol gallstone and mixed gallstone formation is found to meager. Mixed gallstones are the most common stones found in this geographical area.
KEYWORDS cholesterol gallstone, pigment gallstone, mixed gallstone, bile culture.
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Statement of originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Sources of funding: None.
Competing interest / Conflict of interest: The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents, and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
Original article
Faiz Rashid Abayechi1*
1 College of Medicine, Al Iraqia University,Baghdad, Iraq
Address reprint requests to
*Dr. Faiz Rashid Abayechi, Lecturer,College of Medicine, Al Iraqia University,Baghdad, Iraq
Article citation: Abayechi FR. Efficacy and tolerability of fixed dose combination valsartan/amlodipine to achieve blood pressure target in Iraqi hypertensive patients. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2016;06(03):184–188.Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
Background Fixed dose combinations (FDCs) are one of the options for improving blood pressure (BP) goal attainment. However, it has not been studied previously in Iraqi patients.
Objective The aim of the study is to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of FDC valsartan/
amlodipine (Val/Aml) in a group of Iraqi hypertensive patients.
Patients and Methods One hundred and eighteen hypertensive patients were recruited from a health centre, male were 49 and female were 69 with a mean age of 49.1 years.
In patients whose BP was not controlled on previous antihypertensive therapy, FDC of Val/Aml at a dose of 160/5 mg were given, and allowed to be up titrated to 160/10 mg once daily with or without hydrochlorothiazide of 12.5–25 mg. Patients were followed for a minimum of 12 weeks. The efficacy and tolerability of this medication were studied among the study group.
Results Among the study group, 95 patients (80.50%) (P < 0.001) reached their BP target[<140 ⁄ 90 mmHg for uncomplicated hypertension, (<130 ⁄ 80 mmHg for patients with diabetes)] over the 12-week study period; 24 patients (20.33%) who failed to reach BP target [19 patients (16.1%) were lost to follow up, two patients (1.69%) discontinued their treatment due to medication side effects (one patient had lower limb edema, the other patients had dizziness) and three patients (2.54%) were non-compliant to the treatment plan].
Conclusion Treatment with the FDC Val/Aml was associated with significant reductions in systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP), and a significant increase in the BP control rate with an excellent tolerability profile.
KEYWORDS fixed dose combination, blood pressure, antihypertensive treatment
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Competing interest / Conflict of interest: The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents, and royalties through this collaborative research.
All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
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