DocumentsDate added
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Alin Kumar Nayak1*,Amit Anand2,Duryodhan Sahoo3
1 Dr Alin Kumar Nayak 3rd year PG student, Department of General Surgery,
Hi-Tech Medical College and Hospital, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
2 Dr Amit Anand, 3rd year PG student, Department of General Surgery, Hi-Tech Medical College and Hospital, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
3 Dr Duryodhan Sahoo, M.S., Professor, Department of General Surgery, Hi-Tech Medical College and Hospital, Bhubaneshwar, Odisha, India
The name of the department(s) and
institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Department of general surgery, Hi-tech Medical College and Hospital, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
Address reprint requests to
*Dr Alin Kumar Nayak,
3rd yearr PG student, Department of General Surgery, Hi-Tech Medical College and Hospital, Bhubaneshwar, Odisha, India
Article citation: Nayak AK, Anand A, Sahoo D. Role of pathological organisms in gallstone disease. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2016;06(03):155–157. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
Background Gallstone disease is the commonest disease in India. Patients present with pain abdomen and nausea and vomiting. This study deals with etiology, pathogenesis including the role of bacteria in the formation of gallstones. It also deals with role of bacteria in different type of gallstones. By knowing the bacteriological etiology it will help in prevention as well as better treatment of gallstone disease in the features.
Materials and Methods Sixty patients with gallstone disease who underwent cholecystectomy in Hi-Tech Medical College and Hospital during October 2013 to September 2015 were studied. Data related to the objectives of the study were collected.
Results Majority of patients with gallstone disease were women aged from 41 to 50 years. Male to female ratio was 1:3. Most of the patients had mixed gallstones (31 cases) followed by pigment stones (19 cases) and cholesterol stones (10 cases) in the gallbladder. Bile culture was positive in 18 cases. Highest proportion of bile culture positivity was found in pigment gallstones i.e. 8 out of 19 cases. Escherichia coli was the most common organism isolated from the bile culture.
Conclusion We conclude that gallstone disease is common in women aged 41–50 years. Infection plays a major role in the formation of pigment gallstones. The role of bacteria in cholesterol gallstone and mixed gallstone formation is found to meager. Mixed gallstones are the most common stones found in this geographical area.
KEYWORDS cholesterol gallstone, pigment gallstone, mixed gallstone, bile culture.
BIBILIOGRAPHY
1.Small DM. Cholesterol nucleation and growth in gallstone formation. N Engl J Med. 1980;302:1305–11.
2.Jaraari AM, Jagannadharao P, Patil TN, Hai A, Awamy HA,El Saeity SO, et al. Quantitative analysis of gallstones in Libyan patients. Libyan J Med. 2010;5.
3.Chandran P, Kuchhal NK, Garg P, Pundir CS. An extended chemical analysis of gallstone. Indian J Clin Biochem. 2007;22(2):145–50.
4.Shrestha HG, Bajracharya M. Incidence of cholelithiasis and its correlation with cancer of gallbladder at TU teaching hospital.JNMA. 1991;29:264–7.
5.Maskey CP, Shrestha ML, Sato Y. Gallstone in TUTH. JIOM. 1990;12:45–54.
6.Cuevas A, Miquel JF, Reyes MS, Zanlungo S, Nervi F. Diet as arisk factor for cholesterol gallstone disease. J Am Coll Nutr.2004;3:187–96.
7.Pradhan SB, Joshi MR, Vaidya A. Prevalence of different types of gallstone in the patients with cholelithiasis at Kathmandu Medical College, Nepal. Kathmandu University Med J. 2009;7:268–71.
8.Idris SA, Elsiddig KE, Hamza AA, Hafiz MH, Shalayel MHF.Extensive quantitative analysis of gallstones. Int J Clin Med.2014;5:42–50.
9.Sattar I, Aziz A, Rasul S, Mehmood Z, Khan A. Frequency of infection in cholelithiasis. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak. 2007;17:48–50.
10.Al Harbi M, Osoba AO, Mowallid A, Al-Ahmadi K. Tract microflora in Saudi patients with cholelithiasis. Trop Med Int Health.2001;6:570–4.
11.Csendes A, Burdiles P, Maluenda F, Diaz JC, Cseudes P, Mitru N. Simultaneous bacteriological assessment of bile from gallbladder and common bile duct in control subjects and patients with gallstones and common duct stones. Arch Surg. 1996;131:389–94.
12.Kaufman HS, Magnuson TH, Lillemoe KD, Frasca P, Pitt HA. The role of bacteria in gallbladder and common duct stone formation. Ann Surg. 1989;209:584–91.
13.Ballal M. Bacteriological spectrum of cholecystitis and its antibiogram.Indian J Med Microbiol. 2001;19:212–4.
14.Darko R, Archampong EQ. The microflora of bile in Ghanians.West Afr J Med. 1994;13:113–5.
15.Al Harbi M, Osoba AO, Mowallid A, Al-Ahmadi K. Tract microflora in Saudi patients with cholelithiasis. Trop Med Int Health.2001;6:570–4.
Statement of originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Sources of funding: None.
Competing interest / Conflict of interest: The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents, and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Shastrulagari S. Shivani1*,Srujan Kumar M2
1.Department of Pharmaceutics, Samskruti College of Pharmacy, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
2.Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Research Center, Bhagwant University, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Department of Pharmaceutics, Samskruthi College of Pharmacy
Address reprint requests to:
*Shastrulagari S. Shivani, House No: 6-1-700, Laxmi Nagar, Khairathabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
Article citation: Shivani SS, Srujan MK. Novel vesicular carrier for enhanced transdermal delivery of tramadol hydrochloride transfersomal gel. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2016;06(03):139–144.Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
The main aim of current probe is to formulate and evaluate transfersomal gel for effective transdermal delivery of Tramadol Hcl. It was investigated by encapsulating the drug in various formulations which composed of various ratios of phosphatidyl choline, propylene glycol and ethanol prepared by lipid film hydration by conventional rotary evaporation method. The shapes of most Tramadol Hcl-containing Transfersomes were found to be spherical from SEM analysis. The percentage entrapment efficiency of optimised formulation T5 were found to be 92.71±0.56. The prepared formulations had been characterised for the loaded drug amount and vesicle size. The prepared vesicular systems were incorporated into 1% carbopol 934 gel. In vitro skin permeation studies were carried out by cellophane membrane using a Franz diffusion cell. Transfersome gel was found to increase the skin permeation and deposition showing a controlled effect.
KEYWORDS Tramadol hydrochloride, Transfersomes, transdermal delivery, entrapment efficiency, in vitro drug permeation studies
REFERENCES
1.Shaw JE, Chandrasekaran SK. In: Greaves MW, Shuster S (eds):Pharmacology of the Skin. Berlin: Springer-Verlag; 1999. pp.115–22.
2.Modi CD, Bharadia PD. Transfersomes: new dominants for transdermal drug delivery. Am J Pharm Tech Res. 2012;2(3):71–91.
3.Swarnlata S, Gunjan J, Chanchal DK, Shailendra S. Development of novel herbal cosmetic cream with Curcuma longa extract loaded transfersomes for anti-wrinkle effect. African J Pharm Pharmacol. 2011;5(8):1054–62.
4.Cevc G, Gebauer D, Stieber J, Schätzlein A, Blume G. Ultraflexible vesicles, transfersomes, have an extremely low pore penetration resistance and transport therapeutic amounts of insulin across the intact mammalian skin. Biochim Biophy Acta. 1998;1368:201–15.
5.Benson HA. Transfersomes for transdermal drug delivery. Expert Opin Drug Deliv. 2006;3(6):727–37.
6.Patel R, Singh SK, Singh S, Sheth NR, Gendle R. Development and characterization of curcumin loaded transfersome for transdermal delivery. J Pharm Sci Res. 2009;1(4):71–81.
7.Cevc G, Blume G, Schätzlein A, Gebauer D, Paul A. The skin: a pathway for systemic treatment with patches and lipid-based agent carriers. Advance Drug Delivery Reviews. 1996; 18: 349–78.
8.Prajapati ST, Patel CG, Patel CN. Transfersomes: a vesicular carrier system for transdermal drug delivery. Asian J Biochem Pharmaceut Res. 2011;1(2):507–24.
9.Vinod KR, Kumar MS, Anbazhagan S, Sandhya S, Saikumar P,Rohit RT, et al. Critical issues related to transfersomes—novel vesicular system. Acta Sci Pol Technol Aliment. 2012;11(1):67–82.
10.Planas ME, Gonzalez P, Rodriguez S, Sanchez G, Cevc G. Noninvasive percutaneous induction of topical analgesia bya new type of drug carrier, and prolongation of local pain insensitivity by anesthetic liposomes. Anesth Analg. 1992;615–21.
11.Ramesh P. Transdermal delivery of drugs. Indian J Pharmacol. 1997;29:140–56.
12.Paul A, Cevec G, Bachhavat BK. Transdermal immunization with large proteins by means of ultradeformable drug carriers. Eur J Immunol. 1995;25:3521–4.
Statement of originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Sources of funding: None.
Acknowledgement: The author wish to thank the management of Samskruti College of Pharmacy and Comprime Labs Pvt Ltd for providing the necessary facilities for carrying out the research work. Also want to thank my parents, brothers for their support and encouragement.
Competing interest / Conflict of interest: The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents, and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Manju1,Vanita Kumar1,Neelu Gupta1,Akhil Kapoor2*,Harvindra Singh Kumar2
1 Department of Pathology, Sardar Patel Medical College & Associated Group of Hospitals, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India
2 Department of Oncology, Acharya Tulsi Regional Cancer Treatment & Research Institute, Sardar Patel Medical College & Associated Group of Hospitals, Bikaner,Rajasthan, India
Address reprint requests to
*Dr. Akhil Kapoor, Room No. 73, PG Boys Hostel, PBM Hospital Campus, Bikaner,Rajasthan, India 334003
Article citation: Manju, Kumar V, Gupta N, Kapoor A, Kumar HS. Role of bone marrow aspiration and biopsy in diagnosis of hematological disorders: a prospective study. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2016; 06(03):150–154. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
Background The use of bone marrow biopsy as a diagnostic procedure is being increasingly used in recent years. In the present study, an attempt has been made to find out the diagnostic utility of bone marrow aspiration and biopsy with their comparative study. The objective of this study is to correlate the bone marrow aspiration and biopsy findings.
Materials and Methods This study was hospital-based prospective study in which 35 consecutive patients with haematological disorders were evaluated by both bone marrow aspiration and biopsy. The results were compared with that of previously published literature.
Results Out of 35 cases, maximum number of cases were of acute leukemias 12 (34.28%) followed by lymphoprotiferatide disorders 7 (25%), and one case (2.86%) of myelodysplastic syndrome. Bone marrow aspiration resulted in dry tap in 4 (11.42%)cases, which was observed in aplastic anaemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, primary myelofibrosis and NHL, one case in each.
Conclusions Bone marrow biopsy is more reliable in assessing cellularity, bone marrow architectural pattern, distribution and fibrosis. Bone marrow biopsy is diagnostic investigation in ‘dry tap’ aspiration cases, which occur when the marrow is fibrotic or densely cellular. Overall both the procedures are complementary to each other and must be performed together for better evaluation of bone marrow.
KEYWORDS bone marrow aspiration, bone marrow biopsy, haematological disorders
REFERENCES
1.Mauch P, Bothick LE, Hannon EC, Obbagy J, Hellman S. Decline in bone marrow proliferative capacity as a function of age.Blood 1982;60:245–52.
2.Riley RS, Hogan TF, Pavot DR, Forysthe R, Massey D, Smith E,et al. A pathologist’s perspective on bone marrow aspiration and biopsy; performing a bone marrow examination. J Clin Lab Anal. 2000;18:70–90.
3.Pasquale D, Chikkapa G. A comparative evaluation of bone marrow aspirate particle smears, biopsy imprints and biopsy sections. Am J Hematol. 1986;22:381–9.
4.Greer JP, Foester J, Rodgers GM, Paraskevas F, Glador B. Wintrobe’s Clinical Hematology 12th ed. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 2009.
5.Barekman CL, Fair KP, Cotelingam JD. Comparative utility of diagnostic bone marrow components: a 10 year study. Am J Hematol. 1997;56: 37–41.
6.Jamshidi K, Swaim WR. Bone marrow biopsy with unaltered architecture: a new biopsy device. J Lab Clin Med. 1971;77:335–42.
7.Trewhitt KG. Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy. Collection and interpretation. Oncol Nurs Forum. 2001;28:1409–15.
8.Bain BJ. Bone marrow aspiration. J Clin Pathol. 2001;54:657–63.
9.Bearden JD, Ratkin GA, Cottman. Comparison of the diagnostic value of bone marrow biopsy and bone marrow aspiration in neoplastic disease. J Clin Pathol. 1974;27:738–40.
10.Hartsock RJ, Smith EB, Petty CS. Normal variations with aging of the amount of haematopoietic tissue in bone marrow from anterior iliac crest. Am J Clin Pathol. 1965;43:326–31.
11.Ioannides K, Rywlin AM. A comparative study of histologic sections of bone marrow obtained by aspiration and by needle biopsy. Am J Clin Pathol. 1976;65:267.
12.Cruikshank B, Thomas MJ. Mineral oil (follicular) lipidosis II.Histologic studies of spleen, liver, lymphonodes and bone marrow. Hum Pathol. 1984;15:731–7.
13.Rywlin AM, Ortega R. Lipid granulomas of the bone marrow.Am J Clin Pathol. 1972;57:457–62.
14.Bennett JM, Catovsky D, Daniel MT, Flandrin G, Galton DA,Gralnick HR. Proposed revised criteria for the classification of acute myeloid leukemia: a report of the French-American-British Co-operative group. Ann Intern Med. 1985;103:620–5.
15.Cheson BD, Cassileth PA, Head DR, Schiffer CA, Bennet JM,Bloomfield CD. Report of the National cancer institute sponsored workshop on definition of diagnosis and responses in acute myeloid leukemia. J Clin Oncol. 1990; 8: 813–9.
16.Sitalakshmi S, Srikrishna A, Devi S, Damodar P, Alexander B. The diagnostic utility of bone marrow trephine biopsies. Indian J Pathol Microbiol. 2005;48(2):173–6.
17.De Wolf-Peeters C. Bone marrow trephine interpretation: diagnostic utility and potential pitfalls. Histopathology. 1991;18:489–93.
18.Rao S, Sen R, Singh S, Ghalut PS, Arora BB. Grading of marrow fibrosis in chronic myeloid leukemia- a comprehensive approach. Indian J Pathol Microbiol. 2005;48(3):341–4.
19.Clough V, Greary CG, Hashmik, Davson J, Knowlson T. Myelofibrosis in chronic granulocytic leukemia. Br J Hematol. 1979;42:515–26.
20.Gralnick HR, Harbor J, Vogel C. Myclofibrosis in chronic granulocytic leukemia. Blood. 1971;37:152–62.
Statement of originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Sources of funding: None.
Competing interest / Conflict of interest: The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents, and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript. The first two authors contributed equally to the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Ke Jian1, Fu Wen-Juan1,Pan Jian-Hao1, Ma Xian-Peng2,Bi Chang-Qiong2, Wei Wei2,Zhao Jing3, Ge Fa-Huan4,Nie Hong1*
1 Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
2 Guizhou Jingfeng Injection Co. Ltd., Guiyang, 550018, China
3 State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
4 School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
Address reprint requests to
*Prof. Nie Hong, PhD,
Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
Article citation: Jian K, Wen-Juan F,Jian-Hao P, Xian-Peng M, Chang-Qiong B,Wei W, Jing Z, Fa-Huan G, Hong N. The protective effect of salivae miltiorrhizae liguspyragine hydrochloride and glucose injection on isoproterenol-induced acute myocardial infarction in rats. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2016;06(03):165–170. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
Salivae miltiorrhizae liguspyragine hydrochloride and glucose injection (SGI) are widely used in the clinical treatment of ischemic cerebrovascular diseases, but researches on the prevention and treatment of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and other cardiovascular diseases are rarely reported. So, the purpose of this study is to evaluate preventive effect of SGI on AMI in rats and to explore its possible mechanism. In this study, isoproterenol- (ISO) induced AMI model in rats was established. Based on that, we studied the effect of SGI on ECG and cardiac function. We then investigated the effect of SGI on heart infarction area and heart histomorphology in AMI rats. Moreover, to explore the possible mechanisms, we tested the activities of myocardial enzymes in blood. Our study found that, SGI can improve the ECG of AMI rats and promote cardiac function to normal.
In addition, SGI can reduce the infarct size and inhibit myocardial injury. Moreover, SGI can reduce the content of serum CK, LDH, cTnI and BNP in AMI rats. Therefore, we confirmed that SGI possessed remarkably protective effects against ISO-induced AMI in rats.
KEYWORDS salivae miltiorrhizae, liguspyragine hydrochloride, acute myocardial infarction, protective effect, isoproterenol, cardiac function
REFERENCES
1.Rizza S, Copetti M, Rossi C, Cianfarani M, Zucchelli M, Luzi A, et al.Metabolomics signature improves the prediction of cardiovascular events in elderly subjects. Atherosclerosis. 2014;232:260–264.
2.Pagidipati NJ, Gaziano TA. Estimating deaths from cardiovascular disease: a review of global methodologies of mortality measurement.Circulation. 2013;127:749–756.
3.Somasundaram K, Ball J. Medical emergencies: Atrial fibrillation and myocardial infarction. Anaesthesia. 2013;68:84–101.
4.Li YJ, Chang L. China percutaneous coronary intervention guide interpretation of China. Chin J Evid Cardiovas Med. 2012;4:294–296.
5.Bertinchant J, Robert E, Polge A, Marty-Double C, Fabbro-Peray P,Poirey S, et al. Comparison of the diagnostic value of cardiac troponin I and T determinations for detecting early myocardial damage and the relationship with histological findings after isoprenaline-induced cardiac injury in rats. Clinica Chimica Acta.2000;298:13–28.
6.Rona G, Chappel CI, Balazs T, Gaudry R. An infarct-like myocardial lesion and other toxic manifestations produced by isoproterenol in the rat. AMA Arch Pathol. 1959;67:443–455.
7.Xu SY, Bian RL, Chen X. Experimental methodology of pharmacology.Beijing: People’s Medical Publishing House; 2002.
8.Liu Z, Liu ZZ, Yang YT. The study of comparing two models of myocardial infarction in rats. Progress in Veterinary Medicine.2010;31:19–25.
9.Karthikeyan K, Bai BRS, Devaraj SN. Cardioprotective effect of grape seed proanthocyanidins on isoproterenol-induced myocardial injury in rats. Int J Cardiol. 2007;115:326–333.
10.Karthikeyan K, Bai BRS, Devaraj SN. Grape seed proanthocyanidins ameliorates isoproterenol-induced myocardial injury in rats by stabilizing mitochondrial and lysosomal enzymes: an in vivo study. Life Sci. 2007;81:1615–1621.
11.Piet C, Frank W, Christoph D, Virginie B, Heinzel FR, Jan DH, et al.Mechanisms of postsystolic thickening in ischemic myocardium:mathematical modelling and comparison with experimental ischemic substrates. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2007;33:1963–1970.
12.Bederson JB, Pitts LH, Germano S, Nishimura M, Davis R,Bartkowski H. Evaluation of 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride as a stain for detection and quantification of experimental cerebral infarction in rats. Stroke. 1986;17:1304–1308.
13.Remmele W, Rick W. Der einfluss von thiolverbindungen auf die veränderungen des zellstoffwechsels durch triphenyltetrazoliumchlorid (TTC). Klin Wochenschr. 1958;36:876–877.
14.Shen J, Luo SX, Ma KH, Qin S. The research progress in acute myocardial infarction biochemical markers. Adv Cardiovas Dis.2012;33:106–110.
15.Han L, Chen KJ. The protective effect of Yixinnao capsule on mitochondria structure and function of myocardial. Chin J ChinMat Med. 2001;26:773–777.
Statement of originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Acknowledgment: The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial supports by National Natural Science Foundation of China (81373993).
Competing interest / Conflict of interest: The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents, and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
CASE REPORT
Shams UL Nisa1*,Tajinder Kaur Saggu2,Namrata Harchandani3,Shameeka Thopte4
1Assistant Professor, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University Dental College and Hospital, Pune, India
2Reader, Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology, Gurunank Dev Dental College & Research Institute, Sunam. Punjab, India
3Dental Practitioner, Sparkle Dental Hub, Advanced Centre for Orthodontics & Multi-Specialty Family Dental Care, E8-19/Gulmohar, opp. Ram Arcade, Savoy Complex Sq, BPL-39., Madhya Pradesh 462016
4Assistant Professor, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University Dental College and Hospital, Pune, India
Address reprint requests to
*Dr. Shams UL Nisa,
Assistant Professor, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University Dental College and Hospital, Room no.: 14, Katraj–Dhankawadi, Pune, 411043, India
Article citation: Ul Nisa S, Saggu TK, Harchandani N, Thopte S. Pleomorphic adenoma of the upper lip: a case report. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2016;06(03):171–173.Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
Pleomorphic adenoma is a benign mixed tumour which is the most common benign tumour of salivary glands. It mostly occurs in the parotid or submandibular glands, but may also be found in the minor salivary glands that are distributed throughout the oral cavity. Surgical removal with adequate margins is the principal treatment. Due to its microscopic projections, this tumour requires a wide resection to avoid recurrence. The authors report a case of a pleomorphic adenoma in the upper lip, the second site for frequency for benign tumours of minor salivary glands, after the hard and soft palate.
KEYWORDS pleomorphic adenoma, minor salivary gland tumours, upper lip
REFERENCES
1.Rosai J. Major and minor salivary glands. In: Rosai J (ed.):Ackerman’s Surgical Pathology, Vol. 2, 9th ed. Elsevier St. Louis:Mosby; 2004. pp. 873–916.
2.Pires FR, Pringle GA, de Almeida OP, Chen SY. Intra oral minor salivary gland tumors: a clinic-pathological study of 546 cases.Oral Oncol. 2007;43:463–70.
3.Eisele DW, Johns ME. Salivary gland neoplasm. In: Bailey BJ (ed.):Head & Neck Surgery: Otolaryngology. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2001. pp. 1279–97.
4.Tanigaki Y, Mikami Y, Ono M, Tsukuda M. Pleomorphic adenoma of the lateral side of the tongue. Acta Otolaryngol. 2004;124:694–51.
5.Gupta AK, Singhal SK, Mann SB, Bapuraj JR, Saran RK. Pleomorphic adenoma presenting as a base of tongue mass. J Laryngol Otol. 1997;111:1177–8. 5.
6.Sawatsubashi M, Tuda K, Tonkunga O, Shin T. Pleomorphic adenoma of the larynx: a case and a review of the literature in Japan. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1997;117:415–7.
7.Bizal JC, Righal SK, Kesler KA. Pleomorphic adenoma of the trachea.Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1997;116:139–40.
8.Boneu F, Gonzalez-Lagunas J, Huguet P, Bassas C. Massive malignant pleomorphic adenoma of the palate. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1998;56(1):91–6.
9.Forty MJ, Wake MJC. Pleomorphic salivary adenoma in an adolescent.Br Dent J. 2000;188:545–6.
10.Chaudhry AP, Vickers RA, Gorlin RJ. Intraoral minor salivary gland tumors: an analysis of 1414 cases. Oral Surg. 1961;14:1194–226.
Statement of originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Competing interest / Conflict of interest: The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents, and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.