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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Alin Kumar Nayak1*,Amit Anand2,Duryodhan Sahoo3
1 Dr Alin Kumar Nayak 3rd year PG student, Department of General Surgery,
Hi-Tech Medical College and Hospital, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
2 Dr Amit Anand, 3rd year PG student, Department of General Surgery, Hi-Tech Medical College and Hospital, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
3 Dr Duryodhan Sahoo, M.S., Professor, Department of General Surgery, Hi-Tech Medical College and Hospital, Bhubaneshwar, Odisha, India
The name of the department(s) and
institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Department of general surgery, Hi-tech Medical College and Hospital, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
Address reprint requests to
*Dr Alin Kumar Nayak,
3rd yearr PG student, Department of General Surgery, Hi-Tech Medical College and Hospital, Bhubaneshwar, Odisha, India
Article citation: Nayak AK, Anand A, Sahoo D. Role of pathological organisms in gallstone disease. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2016;06(03):155–157. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
Background Gallstone disease is the commonest disease in India. Patients present with pain abdomen and nausea and vomiting. This study deals with etiology, pathogenesis including the role of bacteria in the formation of gallstones. It also deals with role of bacteria in different type of gallstones. By knowing the bacteriological etiology it will help in prevention as well as better treatment of gallstone disease in the features.
Materials and Methods Sixty patients with gallstone disease who underwent cholecystectomy in Hi-Tech Medical College and Hospital during October 2013 to September 2015 were studied. Data related to the objectives of the study were collected.
Results Majority of patients with gallstone disease were women aged from 41 to 50 years. Male to female ratio was 1:3. Most of the patients had mixed gallstones (31 cases) followed by pigment stones (19 cases) and cholesterol stones (10 cases) in the gallbladder. Bile culture was positive in 18 cases. Highest proportion of bile culture positivity was found in pigment gallstones i.e. 8 out of 19 cases. Escherichia coli was the most common organism isolated from the bile culture.
Conclusion We conclude that gallstone disease is common in women aged 41–50 years. Infection plays a major role in the formation of pigment gallstones. The role of bacteria in cholesterol gallstone and mixed gallstone formation is found to meager. Mixed gallstones are the most common stones found in this geographical area.
KEYWORDS cholesterol gallstone, pigment gallstone, mixed gallstone, bile culture.
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Statement of originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Sources of funding: None.
Competing interest / Conflict of interest: The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents, and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Ke Jian1, Fu Wen-Juan1,Pan Jian-Hao1, Ma Xian-Peng2,Bi Chang-Qiong2, Wei Wei2,Zhao Jing3, Ge Fa-Huan4,Nie Hong1*
1 Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
2 Guizhou Jingfeng Injection Co. Ltd., Guiyang, 550018, China
3 State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
4 School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
Address reprint requests to
*Prof. Nie Hong, PhD,
Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
Article citation: Jian K, Wen-Juan F,Jian-Hao P, Xian-Peng M, Chang-Qiong B,Wei W, Jing Z, Fa-Huan G, Hong N. The protective effect of salivae miltiorrhizae liguspyragine hydrochloride and glucose injection on isoproterenol-induced acute myocardial infarction in rats. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2016;06(03):165–170. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
Salivae miltiorrhizae liguspyragine hydrochloride and glucose injection (SGI) are widely used in the clinical treatment of ischemic cerebrovascular diseases, but researches on the prevention and treatment of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and other cardiovascular diseases are rarely reported. So, the purpose of this study is to evaluate preventive effect of SGI on AMI in rats and to explore its possible mechanism. In this study, isoproterenol- (ISO) induced AMI model in rats was established. Based on that, we studied the effect of SGI on ECG and cardiac function. We then investigated the effect of SGI on heart infarction area and heart histomorphology in AMI rats. Moreover, to explore the possible mechanisms, we tested the activities of myocardial enzymes in blood. Our study found that, SGI can improve the ECG of AMI rats and promote cardiac function to normal.
In addition, SGI can reduce the infarct size and inhibit myocardial injury. Moreover, SGI can reduce the content of serum CK, LDH, cTnI and BNP in AMI rats. Therefore, we confirmed that SGI possessed remarkably protective effects against ISO-induced AMI in rats.
KEYWORDS salivae miltiorrhizae, liguspyragine hydrochloride, acute myocardial infarction, protective effect, isoproterenol, cardiac function
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Statement of originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Acknowledgment: The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial supports by National Natural Science Foundation of China (81373993).
Competing interest / Conflict of interest: The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents, and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.