DocumentsDate added
Original article
Mishra Prakash K1*,Singh Narendra P2,Batra Prerna3,Kaur Iqbal R4
1MBBS, MD, Senior Resident, Department of Microbiology, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital,Dilshad Garden, 110095, Delhi, India
2MBBS, MD, Professor, Department of Microbiology, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital,Delhi, India
3 MBBS, MD, Department of Pediatrics,University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi, India
4 MBBS, MD Professor and HOD,Department of Microbiology, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi, India
Address reprint requests to
*Dr. Prakash Kumar Mishra (MBBS,MD),
Senior Resident, Department of Microbiology, University College of
Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, 90-D, Pocket-A, Dilshad Garden,110095, Delhi, India
Article citation: Prakash KM, Narendra PS,Prerna B, Iqbal RK. Bacteriological profile of acute pyogenic meningitis in pediatric age group from a tertiary care hospital of east Delhi. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2016;06(03):174–178. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
Background and Objectives Laboratory surveillance of causative microorganism is crucial to formulate rational empirical treatment and preventive strategies for potentially fatal acute pyogenic meningitis (APM). This study was aimed to identify the causative microorganism of APM in children admitted in a tertiary care hospital of east Delhi.
Materials and Methods Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was collected from 300 suspected cases of APM and subjected to cytology, gram staining, biochemical analysis and culture.
Every fifth CSF sample was also subjected to antigen detection by latex agglutination test (LAT) for Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria meningitidis, Escherichia coli, group B Streptococcus and Taqman probe-based real time polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR) for S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae and N. meningitidis. Simultaneously, blood culture was also done from all these 300 cases.
Result From CSF, 19 microorganisms were isolated in which hospital-acquired multidrug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (9) was most common. S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, group B Streptococcus, E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella were also identified
as a causative agent of APM. LAT detected microorganism in nine culture negative samples,
whereas RTPCR detected two additional microorganisms which were missed by LAT.
Conclusion This study highlights the emergence of MDR A. baumannii as a common agent of APM in hospital setting and emphasise on judicious use of antibiotics to prevent resistance.
KEYWORDS acute pyogenic meningitis, bacteriological profile, pediatric age group
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Statement of originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Sources of funding: None.
Competing interest / Conflict of interest: The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents, and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
Original article
Faiz Rashid Abayechi1*
1 College of Medicine, Al Iraqia University,Baghdad, Iraq
Address reprint requests to
*Dr. Faiz Rashid Abayechi, Lecturer,College of Medicine, Al Iraqia University,Baghdad, Iraq
Article citation: Abayechi FR. Efficacy and tolerability of fixed dose combination valsartan/amlodipine to achieve blood pressure target in Iraqi hypertensive patients. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2016;06(03):184–188.Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
Background Fixed dose combinations (FDCs) are one of the options for improving blood pressure (BP) goal attainment. However, it has not been studied previously in Iraqi patients.
Objective The aim of the study is to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of FDC valsartan/
amlodipine (Val/Aml) in a group of Iraqi hypertensive patients.
Patients and Methods One hundred and eighteen hypertensive patients were recruited from a health centre, male were 49 and female were 69 with a mean age of 49.1 years.
In patients whose BP was not controlled on previous antihypertensive therapy, FDC of Val/Aml at a dose of 160/5 mg were given, and allowed to be up titrated to 160/10 mg once daily with or without hydrochlorothiazide of 12.5–25 mg. Patients were followed for a minimum of 12 weeks. The efficacy and tolerability of this medication were studied among the study group.
Results Among the study group, 95 patients (80.50%) (P < 0.001) reached their BP target[<140 ⁄ 90 mmHg for uncomplicated hypertension, (<130 ⁄ 80 mmHg for patients with diabetes)] over the 12-week study period; 24 patients (20.33%) who failed to reach BP target [19 patients (16.1%) were lost to follow up, two patients (1.69%) discontinued their treatment due to medication side effects (one patient had lower limb edema, the other patients had dizziness) and three patients (2.54%) were non-compliant to the treatment plan].
Conclusion Treatment with the FDC Val/Aml was associated with significant reductions in systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP), and a significant increase in the BP control rate with an excellent tolerability profile.
KEYWORDS fixed dose combination, blood pressure, antihypertensive treatment
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Statement of originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Sources of funding: None.
Competing interest / Conflict of interest: The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents, and royalties through this collaborative research.
All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
Original article
Renu Agarwal1,Rita Hajela2*,GS Kochhar3,Naveen Jain4
1 Senior Resident, Department of Pediatrics, Maharishi Markandeshwar Medical College and Hospital, Solan, India
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Maharishi Markandeshwar Medical College and Hospital, Flat No. B-13, Type B residence, Solan, 173229, India
3 Senior Consultant, Department of Pediatrics, Maharaja Agrasen Hospital, Punjabi Bagh, New Delhi, India
4 Senior Consultant, Department of Pediatrics, Maharaja Agrasen Hospital, Punjabi Bagh, New Delhi, India
Address reprint requests to
*Dr. Rita Hajela, Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Maharishi Markandeshwar Medical College and Hospital, Flat No. B-13, Type B residence, Solan, 173229, India
Article citation: Agarwal R, Hajela R, Kochhar GS, Jain N. Optimum initiating pressure of nasal CPAP in newborns with moderate respiratory distress: a randomised controlled trial. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2016;06(03):189–192.Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
Objective To decide the optimum initiating pressure of nasal CPAP in newborns with respiratory distress.
Methods The study was done in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) between November 2009 and November 2011 as a prospective randomised trial in 50 newborns with respiratory distress with Silverman Anderson score of 4–6, excluding babies with major congenital malformation, severe cardiovascular instability and frequent apnea at birth or requiring surfactant at birth. Alternate newborn enrolled was put on nasal CPAP with PEEP of 5 cm of water and FiO2 of 50% or PEEP of 7 cm of water and FiO2 of 50%. Clinical and investigative monitoring was done with X-ray chest on admission to confirm indication and repeated at 3–5 h to check lung expansion and rule out any contraindication or complication. USG Skull was done between 3–5 days to rule out intracranial hemorrhage.
Results Twenty-five babies in each group were put on nasal CPAP with starting FiO2 of 50% and PEEP of 5 cm of water in one group and FiO2 of 50% and PEEP of 7 cm of water in other group. No statistically significant difference was found between various characteristics of both groups like sex, mode of delivery, gestation and birth weight etc. All the patients survived in each group and there was no statistically significant difference between the outcomes of each group. Two patients on initial PEEP of 5 cm group failed on CPAP and three patients on PEEP 7 group failed and had to be shifted on mechanical ventilation.
Conclusions There is no difference in outcome of patients with initial PEEP of 5 cm of water or 7 cm of water. We should initiate CPAP on PEEP of 5 cm, as there is no benefit of starting at a higher PEEP of 7 cm of water; although we got a range of initiating pressure from 5 to 7 cm which is safe in newborns with respiratory distress.
KEYWORDS CPAP, respiratory distress, initiating pressure, newborn
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Statement of originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Sources of funding: None.
Competing interest / Conflict of interest: The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents, and royalties through this collaborative research.
All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
REVIEW ARTICLE
Ishwar Charan1,Kedar Nath1,Namrata Jagawat2,Akhil Kapoor3*
1 Department of Surgery, Sardar Patel Medical College and Associated Group of hospitals, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India
2 Department of Radiology, BJ Medical College and Associated Group of hospitals, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
3 Department of Oncology, Sardar Patel Medical College and Associated Group of Hospitals, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India
Address reprint requests to
*Dr. Akhil Kapoor, Room No. 73, PG Boys Hostel, Bikaner, Rajasthan 334003, India
Article citation: Charan I, Nath K, Jagawat N, Kapoor A. Neoplasms arising from the salivary gland: a comprehensive review. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2016;06(03): 145–149.Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
Salivary gland neoplasms make up 6% of all head and neck tumours. About 80% of parotid neoplasms are benign, with the relative proportion of malignancy increasing in the smaller glands. Carefully planned and executed surgical excision is the primary treatment for all primary salivary gland tumours. An electronic search of the Pubmed database was performed to obtain key literature in the field of salivary gland neoplasm and its management. The data from the relevant articles were studied and evaluated to write this review article.
KEYWORDS parotid tumour, salivary gland, neoplasm, management.
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Statement of originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Sources of funding: None.
Competing interest / Conflict of interest: The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents, and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript. The first two authors contributed equally to the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Alin Kumar Nayak1*,Amit Anand2,Duryodhan Sahoo3
1 Dr Alin Kumar Nayak 3rd year PG student, Department of General Surgery,
Hi-Tech Medical College and Hospital, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
2 Dr Amit Anand, 3rd year PG student, Department of General Surgery, Hi-Tech Medical College and Hospital, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
3 Dr Duryodhan Sahoo, M.S., Professor, Department of General Surgery, Hi-Tech Medical College and Hospital, Bhubaneshwar, Odisha, India
The name of the department(s) and
institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Department of general surgery, Hi-tech Medical College and Hospital, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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*Dr Alin Kumar Nayak,
3rd yearr PG student, Department of General Surgery, Hi-Tech Medical College and Hospital, Bhubaneshwar, Odisha, India
Article citation: Nayak AK, Anand A, Sahoo D. Role of pathological organisms in gallstone disease. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2016;06(03):155–157. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
Background Gallstone disease is the commonest disease in India. Patients present with pain abdomen and nausea and vomiting. This study deals with etiology, pathogenesis including the role of bacteria in the formation of gallstones. It also deals with role of bacteria in different type of gallstones. By knowing the bacteriological etiology it will help in prevention as well as better treatment of gallstone disease in the features.
Materials and Methods Sixty patients with gallstone disease who underwent cholecystectomy in Hi-Tech Medical College and Hospital during October 2013 to September 2015 were studied. Data related to the objectives of the study were collected.
Results Majority of patients with gallstone disease were women aged from 41 to 50 years. Male to female ratio was 1:3. Most of the patients had mixed gallstones (31 cases) followed by pigment stones (19 cases) and cholesterol stones (10 cases) in the gallbladder. Bile culture was positive in 18 cases. Highest proportion of bile culture positivity was found in pigment gallstones i.e. 8 out of 19 cases. Escherichia coli was the most common organism isolated from the bile culture.
Conclusion We conclude that gallstone disease is common in women aged 41–50 years. Infection plays a major role in the formation of pigment gallstones. The role of bacteria in cholesterol gallstone and mixed gallstone formation is found to meager. Mixed gallstones are the most common stones found in this geographical area.
KEYWORDS cholesterol gallstone, pigment gallstone, mixed gallstone, bile culture.
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Statement of originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Sources of funding: None.
Competing interest / Conflict of interest: The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents, and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
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