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Original article
Renu Agarwal1,Rita Hajela2*,GS Kochhar3,Naveen Jain4
1 Senior Resident, Department of Pediatrics, Maharishi Markandeshwar Medical College and Hospital, Solan, India
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Maharishi Markandeshwar Medical College and Hospital, Flat No. B-13, Type B residence, Solan, 173229, India
3 Senior Consultant, Department of Pediatrics, Maharaja Agrasen Hospital, Punjabi Bagh, New Delhi, India
4 Senior Consultant, Department of Pediatrics, Maharaja Agrasen Hospital, Punjabi Bagh, New Delhi, India
Address reprint requests to
*Dr. Rita Hajela, Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Maharishi Markandeshwar Medical College and Hospital, Flat No. B-13, Type B residence, Solan, 173229, India
Article citation: Agarwal R, Hajela R, Kochhar GS, Jain N. Optimum initiating pressure of nasal CPAP in newborns with moderate respiratory distress: a randomised controlled trial. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2016;06(03):189–192.Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
Objective To decide the optimum initiating pressure of nasal CPAP in newborns with respiratory distress.
Methods The study was done in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) between November 2009 and November 2011 as a prospective randomised trial in 50 newborns with respiratory distress with Silverman Anderson score of 4–6, excluding babies with major congenital malformation, severe cardiovascular instability and frequent apnea at birth or requiring surfactant at birth. Alternate newborn enrolled was put on nasal CPAP with PEEP of 5 cm of water and FiO2 of 50% or PEEP of 7 cm of water and FiO2 of 50%. Clinical and investigative monitoring was done with X-ray chest on admission to confirm indication and repeated at 3–5 h to check lung expansion and rule out any contraindication or complication. USG Skull was done between 3–5 days to rule out intracranial hemorrhage.
Results Twenty-five babies in each group were put on nasal CPAP with starting FiO2 of 50% and PEEP of 5 cm of water in one group and FiO2 of 50% and PEEP of 7 cm of water in other group. No statistically significant difference was found between various characteristics of both groups like sex, mode of delivery, gestation and birth weight etc. All the patients survived in each group and there was no statistically significant difference between the outcomes of each group. Two patients on initial PEEP of 5 cm group failed on CPAP and three patients on PEEP 7 group failed and had to be shifted on mechanical ventilation.
Conclusions There is no difference in outcome of patients with initial PEEP of 5 cm of water or 7 cm of water. We should initiate CPAP on PEEP of 5 cm, as there is no benefit of starting at a higher PEEP of 7 cm of water; although we got a range of initiating pressure from 5 to 7 cm which is safe in newborns with respiratory distress.
KEYWORDS CPAP, respiratory distress, initiating pressure, newborn
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Statement of originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Sources of funding: None.
Competing interest / Conflict of interest: The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents, and royalties through this collaborative research.
All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
Original article
Faiz Rashid Abayechi1*
1 College of Medicine, Al Iraqia University,Baghdad, Iraq
Address reprint requests to
*Dr. Faiz Rashid Abayechi, Lecturer,College of Medicine, Al Iraqia University,Baghdad, Iraq
Article citation: Abayechi FR. Efficacy and tolerability of fixed dose combination valsartan/amlodipine to achieve blood pressure target in Iraqi hypertensive patients. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2016;06(03):184–188.Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
Background Fixed dose combinations (FDCs) are one of the options for improving blood pressure (BP) goal attainment. However, it has not been studied previously in Iraqi patients.
Objective The aim of the study is to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of FDC valsartan/
amlodipine (Val/Aml) in a group of Iraqi hypertensive patients.
Patients and Methods One hundred and eighteen hypertensive patients were recruited from a health centre, male were 49 and female were 69 with a mean age of 49.1 years.
In patients whose BP was not controlled on previous antihypertensive therapy, FDC of Val/Aml at a dose of 160/5 mg were given, and allowed to be up titrated to 160/10 mg once daily with or without hydrochlorothiazide of 12.5–25 mg. Patients were followed for a minimum of 12 weeks. The efficacy and tolerability of this medication were studied among the study group.
Results Among the study group, 95 patients (80.50%) (P < 0.001) reached their BP target[<140 ⁄ 90 mmHg for uncomplicated hypertension, (<130 ⁄ 80 mmHg for patients with diabetes)] over the 12-week study period; 24 patients (20.33%) who failed to reach BP target [19 patients (16.1%) were lost to follow up, two patients (1.69%) discontinued their treatment due to medication side effects (one patient had lower limb edema, the other patients had dizziness) and three patients (2.54%) were non-compliant to the treatment plan].
Conclusion Treatment with the FDC Val/Aml was associated with significant reductions in systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP), and a significant increase in the BP control rate with an excellent tolerability profile.
KEYWORDS fixed dose combination, blood pressure, antihypertensive treatment
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Statement of originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Sources of funding: None.
Competing interest / Conflict of interest: The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents, and royalties through this collaborative research.
All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
Original article
Abirami Lakshmy Jayachandran1*,Ravinder Thyagarajan2, Radhika Katragadda2, Leela K.V3,Suganthi M4, Lavanya K4, Hemalatha S4
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Microbiology, Karpaga Vinayaga Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Madhurantakam Taluk, Kanchipuram,Tamil Nadu, India
2 Professor, Department of Microbiology, Government Kilpauk Medical College Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Microbiology, Government Kilpauk Medical College Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
4 Associate Professor, Department of Microbiology, Government Kilpauk MedicalCollege Hospital, Chennai,Tamil Nadu, India
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Department of Microbiology, Government Kilpauk Medical College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu
Address reprint requests to
*Dr. Abirami Lakshmy J, Number 36: D Block, Viduthalai Nagar, Mudaliarpet, Puducherry, 605004, India
Article citation: Abirami Lakshmy J, Thyagarajan R, Radhika K, Leela KV, Suganthi M, Lavanya K, Hemalatha S. Biofilm formation and methicillin resistance among the Staphylococcus aureus causing burn wound infections in a tertiary care hospital: a comparative study of the antibiotic susceptibility pattern between biofilm producers and non biofilm producers. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2016;06(03):179–183.
Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
Background Staphylococcus aureus is one of the common bacteria implicated in burn wound infections that possess the ability to form biofilms.
Aim The present study aims to isolate S. aureus to identify the Methicillin resistant Staphylococcal isolates, to compare the antibiotic susceptibility pattern between biofilm and non biofilm producers. It also aims to identify the biofilm producers by Microtitre plate method.
Settings and Design Observational study.
Materials and Methods A total of 58 S. aureus were isolated from burn wound infections. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was done by Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method. Methicillin resistance was identified by cefoxitin disc method. All the isolates were screened for biofilm production by microtitre plate method. Statistical analysis: Fisher exact and Chi square tests. p < 0.005 is considered significant.
Results Out of the 58 isolates, 26 (44.8%) were identified as MRSA. Biofilm production was detected in 31 (53.4%) of the isolates. Good sensitivity for gentamicin 41 (70%), amikacin 42 (72.4%), cefotaxime 42 (72%) and erythromycin 37 (63.7%). There was no significant difference in the antibiotic susceptibility pattern between biofilm and non biofilm producers.
Conclusion All burn wounds should be screened for the presence of bacteria with biofilm forming ability along with the detection of drug resistance. This will support in the early identification and help in choosing the appropriate antibiotic.
KEYWORDS biofilm formation, burn wounds, Staphylococcus aureus
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Statement of originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Sources of funding: None.
Competing interest / Conflict of interest: The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents, and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
REVIEW ARTICLE
Ishwar Charan1,Kedar Nath1,Namrata Jagawat2,Akhil Kapoor3*
1 Department of Surgery, Sardar Patel Medical College and Associated Group of hospitals, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India
2 Department of Radiology, BJ Medical College and Associated Group of hospitals, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
3 Department of Oncology, Sardar Patel Medical College and Associated Group of Hospitals, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India
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*Dr. Akhil Kapoor, Room No. 73, PG Boys Hostel, Bikaner, Rajasthan 334003, India
Article citation: Charan I, Nath K, Jagawat N, Kapoor A. Neoplasms arising from the salivary gland: a comprehensive review. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2016;06(03): 145–149.Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
Salivary gland neoplasms make up 6% of all head and neck tumours. About 80% of parotid neoplasms are benign, with the relative proportion of malignancy increasing in the smaller glands. Carefully planned and executed surgical excision is the primary treatment for all primary salivary gland tumours. An electronic search of the Pubmed database was performed to obtain key literature in the field of salivary gland neoplasm and its management. The data from the relevant articles were studied and evaluated to write this review article.
KEYWORDS parotid tumour, salivary gland, neoplasm, management.
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13.Kim WS, Lee HS, Park YM, et al. Surgical outcomes of parotid cancer: a 10-year experience. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2012;147(2 Suppl):180–1.
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15.Terhaard CH, Lubsen H, Van der Tweel I, Hilgers FJ, Eijkenboom WM, Marres HA, et al. Salivary gland carcinoma: independent prognostic factors for locoregional control, distant metastases, and overall survival: results of the Dutch head and neck oncology cooperative group. Head Neck. 2004;26(8):681–92; discussion 692–3.
16.Wax MK, Kaylie DM. Does a positive neural margin affect outcome in facial nerve grafting? Head Neck. 2007;29(6):546–9.
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20.Casler JD, Conley JJ. Surgical management of adenoid cystic carcinoma in the parotid gland. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1992;106(4):332–8.
Statement of originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Sources of funding: None.
Competing interest / Conflict of interest: The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents, and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript. The first two authors contributed equally to the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Kabiru Abubakar1*,Nuhu Muhammad Danjuma2,Bello Balkisu Maiha2,Joseph Akpojo Anuka2,Mun Fei Yam3,Idris Bello3,Usman Salisu Nasiba3, Mohammed Asmawi. Zaini3
1Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto Nigeria
2 Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Nigeria
3 School of Pharmaceutical Sciences University Sains Malaysia
Address reprint requests to
*K. Abubakar,
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto, Nigeria
Article citation: Abubakar K, Danjuma NM, Maiha BB, Anuka JA, Yam MF, Bello I, Nasiba US, Zaini MA. Antinociceptive activity of the crude methanolic extract of Pseudocedrela kotschyi and its chloroform and n-butanol fractions in mice.J Pharm Biomed Sci 2016;06(03):158–164.Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
Pseudocedrela kotschyi has been extensively used in traditional medicine for the treatment of rheumatism, malaria, dysentery and epilepsy. The antinociceptive effects of the crude methanolic extract, n-butanol and chloroform fractions of P. kotschyi were investigated in different experimental models in mice: (1) hot plate, (2) tail flick, (3) acetic acid induced
writhing and (4) formalin induced test. In the writhing test 200 mg/kg of the crude extract significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the number of writhes and produced an 88.1% inhibition.
The chloroform and n-butanol fractions produced 98.59 and 92.62% inhibition of writhes respectively. In the formalin induced test 100 and 200 mg/kg of the crude methanolic extract significantly (P < 0.01) produced late phase analgesia. Similarly, 200 mg/kg of the chloroform fraction significantly (P < 0.01) reduced paw licking behaviour in mice in both early and late phases of the experiment. However, at the doses tested, no significant activity was found in the hot plate and the tail flick test. The results suggest that P. kotschyi methanol extract at 200 mg/kg dose is effective in non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug type anti-nociception activities.
KEYWORDS Pseudocedrela kotschyi, antinociception, anti-inflammatory
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