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Original article
Amit Agrawal*,Sipra Lenka,Pratima Mishra
Department of Obstetric and Gynaecology, Hi-Tech Medical College and Hospital, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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*Dr. Amit Agrawal,
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hi-Tech Medical College and Hospital,Bhubaneshwar, Orissa, India
Article citation: Agrawal A, Lenka S,Mishra P. Study of age, parity and contraceptive use as risk factors in cervical carcinoma. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2016;06(05):293–294.Available at www.jpbms.info
Abstract
Background Cervix is one of the most common genital malignancy leading to increased mortality in women, Early diagnosis by different screening modalities can reduce the mortality. Identification of high risk group and putting them for screening can reduce disease burden.
Materials and Methods The study of age, parity and contraceptive use as risk factors in cervical carcinoma were carried out from patients attending the O & G OPD in Hi-Tech Medical College and Hospital, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India during the period from January 2014 to January 2015.
Results The study was conducted on 100 cases in Hi-Tech Medical College and Hospital with features of unhealthy cervix, and the results were analysed.
Conclusion In this study, different risk factors like age of the patient, parity and the use of contraceptive methods have been studied and analysed.
KEYWORDS unhealthy cervix, parity, contraception in CIN
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Original article
Ishraqa Mohamed1, Siham Abdallah2*
1 National Drug Quality Control Laboratory,Khartoum, Sudan
2 Qassium University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Buraydah 52571, Saudi Arabia
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*Siham Abdallah, Qassium University,Faculty of Pharmacy, Buraydah 52571,Saudi Arabia
Article citation: Mohamed I, Abdallah S.Stability of levothyroxine sodium tablets marketed in Sudan. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2016;06(05):328–332. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
Stability of medicinal products is the extent to which a product retains, within specified limits throughout its period of storage and use (i.e. its shelf life), the same properties and characteristics that it possessed at the time of its manufacture.
The aim of this study is to evaluate real-time stability and photo-stability of levothyroxine sodium tablets marketing in Sudan. Levothyroxine sodium tablets from different manufacturers were kept at control room temperature (23–25°C); All the samples were analysed every month using the British Pharmacopoeia (BP) HPLC method.
All tablets were kept in a closed glass dish and exposed to direct sunlight for 10 days to evaluate photo-stability using BP and HPLC methods.
The results revealed that thyroxine tablets had become out of specification (88.0, 87.0 and 87.0%) after 15, 20 and 19 months, respectively, from the date of manufacturing and lost more than 5% from initial concentration after 8–9 months; and lost about 40% of its potency after exposure to sunlight.
The shelf life of levothyroxine sodium dosage form should be <2 years to ensure that the dosage form was containing the correct dose when dispensed for use. It is evident from the analysis, sunlight has measurable effect on the stability of levothyroxine sodium even in solid dosage forms.
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Statement of originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors. The requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Source of funding: None.
Competing interest / Conflict of interest: The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents, and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Zhang Bei-Bei1,He Jin-Lian2,Bei Yu2,Zhang You-Ying1,Huang Ya-Dong1,2,Xiang Qi1,2*
1 College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P.R. China
2 Institute of Biomedicine and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P.R. China
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* Xiang Qi, Associate Professor, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P.R. China
Article citation: Bei-Bei Z, Jin-Lian H, Yu B,You-Ying Z, Ya-Dong H, Qi X. Safety evaluation of GP-EGF lyophilised powder.J Pharm Biomed Sci 2016;06(05):295–300.Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
To clarify the safe risks related to the use of GP-EGF lyophilised powder (GELP), acute toxicity test, dermal allergy test, dermal irritation test, and subchronic toxicological test were evaluated according to the guideline for hygienic standard for cosmetics (2007). In acute toxicity tests using guinea pigs, there was no treatment-related mortality, clinical signs of toxicity, body weight changes and gross findings at a dose level of 2,000 mg·kg−1·d−1. Similarly, dermal allergy test using guinea pigs and dermal irritation test using rabbits revealed no mortality, clinical signs of toxicity and a corrosion reaction on the skin. In the subchronic study, no death or clinical signs, or abnormal haematological, biochemical and histopathological changes were found in rats after receiving, by the concentration in
56 mg·mL−1·d−1, 112 mg·mL−1·d−1 of GELP for 90 days. Our findings indicated that GELP is relatively safe since it did not induce an acute toxicity test, dermal allergy test, dermal irritation test and subchronic toxicological test.
KEYWORDS EGF, GP-EGF lyophilised powder (GELP), acute toxicity test, dermal allergy test, dermal irritation test, subchronic toxicological test.
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Statement of originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Source of funding: None.
Acknowledgments: The authors would like to thank their colleague Su Wan who works in the institute of Biomedicine and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine in Jinan University for the supplement of GELP and EGF.
Competing interest / Conflict of interest: The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the study.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
Original Article
Riyaz Ahamed S1*,Subramanya BK2,Prakash SB3,Ansari A4
1 Department of Community Medicine,Koppal Institute of Medical Sciences, KIMS,Koppal, Karnataka, India
2 Department of Pharmacology, Koppal Institute of Medical Sciences, KIMS,Koppal, Karnataka, India
3 Department of Physiology, Koppal Institute of Medical Sciences, KIMS, Koppal,Karnataka, India
4 Department of Community Medicine,J.N.M.C. Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh,UP, India
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*Dr. Riyaz Ahamed S, MD, Assistant Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Koppal Institute of Medical Sciences, District Hospital Campus,Hospet Road, Koppal, Karnataka, India
Article citation: Riyaz SA, SubramanyaBK, Prakash SB, Ansari A. Prevalence of overweight and obesity in urban and rural areas of Aligarh. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2016;06(05):279–283. Available at www.jpbms.info
Background Overweight and obesity are the major risk factors for a number of chronic diseases, including diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and cancer. There is a need to evaluate the burden of obesity in local population using standardised methodology.
Objectives 1. To estimate the prevalence of overweight and obesity in urban and rural areas of Aligarh 2. To correlate the overweight and obesity with sociodemographic factors.
Study Design A community-based study.
Setting Field practice areas of Rural Health Training Centre and Urban Health Training Center, Department of Community Medicine, JNMCH, AMU Aligarh.
Study Period 1 year.
Participants A total of 640 individuals from urban and rural areas were included. Sampling:Systematic random sampling.
Statistical Analysis The data were analysed using SPSS 13, percentages and Chi-square test were used.
Results The prevalence of high body mass index (BMI [overweight + obesity]) in study subjects was 40.4% (≥23 kg/m²) and 22.6% (≥25 kg/m²), respectively, depending upon the criteria used to define high BMI. The prevalence of obesity in the study subjects was 22.6% by Asia-Pacific classification and 5% by WHO classification. The prevalence of high BMI in females was higher as compared to males irrespective of the classification used. The prevalence of overweight was high in individuals belonging to higher SES compared to lower SES.
Conclusion The prevalence of overweight and obesity is showing the increasing trend both in urban and rural areas and calls for obesity preventive management strategies to be harmonised with existing public health policies and programmes for control of all NCDs.
Keywords overweight, obesity, prevalence, abdominal obesity
Statement of originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Sources of funding: None.
Competing interest / Conflict of interest:The author(s) have no competing interests for
financial support, publication of this research,patents and royalties through this collaborative
research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial
conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the
official policy or position of the Department of Defense
Letter to the Editor
Shubhankar Mishra1,T. V. Ram Kumar1,Ashok Kumar Biswas2*
1Department of Paediatrics, MKCG Medical College, Berhampur, Odisha, India
2Regional Medical Research Centre (ICMR),Port Blair, Andaman and Nicobar Islands,India
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*Dr. Ashok Kumar Biswas, MBBS, DPH,MS, Medical Scientist, Regional Medical Research Centre (Indian Council of Medical Research), Post Bag no. 13, Dollygunj,Port Blair South Andaman, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, 744101, India
Article citation: Mishra S, Kumar TVR,Biswas AK. Post-cyclone poisonings in paediatric age group: an abnormal demography. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2016;06(05):284–285.Available at www.jpbms.info
Statement of originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Sources of funding: None.
Competing interest / Conflict of interest:The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research,patents and royalties through this collaborative
research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the
official policy or position of the Department of Defense