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Letter to the Editor
Shubhankar Mishra1,T. V. Ram Kumar1,Ashok Kumar Biswas2*
1Department of Paediatrics, MKCG Medical College, Berhampur, Odisha, India
2Regional Medical Research Centre (ICMR),Port Blair, Andaman and Nicobar Islands,India
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*Dr. Ashok Kumar Biswas, MBBS, DPH,MS, Medical Scientist, Regional Medical Research Centre (Indian Council of Medical Research), Post Bag no. 13, Dollygunj,Port Blair South Andaman, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, 744101, India
Article citation: Mishra S, Kumar TVR,Biswas AK. Post-cyclone poisonings in paediatric age group: an abnormal demography. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2016;06(05):284–285.Available at www.jpbms.info
Statement of originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Sources of funding: None.
Competing interest / Conflict of interest:The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research,patents and royalties through this collaborative
research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the
official policy or position of the Department of Defense
Original Article
Riyaz Ahamed S1*,Subramanya BK2,Prakash SB3,Ansari A4
1 Department of Community Medicine,Koppal Institute of Medical Sciences, KIMS,Koppal, Karnataka, India
2 Department of Pharmacology, Koppal Institute of Medical Sciences, KIMS,Koppal, Karnataka, India
3 Department of Physiology, Koppal Institute of Medical Sciences, KIMS, Koppal,Karnataka, India
4 Department of Community Medicine,J.N.M.C. Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh,UP, India
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*Dr. Riyaz Ahamed S, MD, Assistant Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Koppal Institute of Medical Sciences, District Hospital Campus,Hospet Road, Koppal, Karnataka, India
Article citation: Riyaz SA, SubramanyaBK, Prakash SB, Ansari A. Prevalence of overweight and obesity in urban and rural areas of Aligarh. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2016;06(05):279–283. Available at www.jpbms.info
Background Overweight and obesity are the major risk factors for a number of chronic diseases, including diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and cancer. There is a need to evaluate the burden of obesity in local population using standardised methodology.
Objectives 1. To estimate the prevalence of overweight and obesity in urban and rural areas of Aligarh 2. To correlate the overweight and obesity with sociodemographic factors.
Study Design A community-based study.
Setting Field practice areas of Rural Health Training Centre and Urban Health Training Center, Department of Community Medicine, JNMCH, AMU Aligarh.
Study Period 1 year.
Participants A total of 640 individuals from urban and rural areas were included. Sampling:Systematic random sampling.
Statistical Analysis The data were analysed using SPSS 13, percentages and Chi-square test were used.
Results The prevalence of high body mass index (BMI [overweight + obesity]) in study subjects was 40.4% (≥23 kg/m²) and 22.6% (≥25 kg/m²), respectively, depending upon the criteria used to define high BMI. The prevalence of obesity in the study subjects was 22.6% by Asia-Pacific classification and 5% by WHO classification. The prevalence of high BMI in females was higher as compared to males irrespective of the classification used. The prevalence of overweight was high in individuals belonging to higher SES compared to lower SES.
Conclusion The prevalence of overweight and obesity is showing the increasing trend both in urban and rural areas and calls for obesity preventive management strategies to be harmonised with existing public health policies and programmes for control of all NCDs.
Keywords overweight, obesity, prevalence, abdominal obesity
Statement of originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Sources of funding: None.
Competing interest / Conflict of interest:The author(s) have no competing interests for
financial support, publication of this research,patents and royalties through this collaborative
research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial
conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the
official policy or position of the Department of Defense
Research article
Chaopeng Wang1,Guangming Chen1,Jiefang Wang1,Hengrui Liu1, Yinquan Xiong1,Panpan Wang2, Li Yang1,Xiaofeng Zhu2,Ronghua Zhang1*
1 Jinan University College of Pharmacy,Guangzhou 510632, China
2 First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University,Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P.R. China
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*Ronghua Zhang, Jinan University College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou 510632, China
Article citation: Wang C, Chen G, Wang J, Liu H, Xiong Y, Wang P, Yang L, Zhu X,Zhang R. Effect of Herba Epimedium extract on bone mineral density and microstructure in ovariectomised rat. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2016;06(05):275–278.Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
Aim To observe the effects of Herba Epimedium (HE) extract on bone mineral density(BMD) and microstructure in ovariectomised (OVX) rat.
Methods A total of 84 female Sprague–Dawley rats of 3-month-old were randomly divided into OVX group (n = 70) and sham group (n = 14). The osteoporotic model was established by ovariectomy. Twelve weeks after ovariectomy, when the osteoporosis (OP) was successfully affirmed by the BMD, the rats in OVX group was randomly divided into OVX group (n = 14),low-dose HE group (n = 14), middle-dose HE group (n = 14), high-dose HE group (n = 14) and positive group (n = 14). The BMD was measured by dual-energy X-ray. The microstructure of the bone was observed by micro‑computed tomography.
Results Twelve weeks after ovariectomy, the BMD of femur of rats in OVX group was significantly lower than that of in sham group (P < 0.05). After 12 weeks of treatment, the
BMD of femurs of rats in HE and positive groups were significantly higher than that in OVX group (P < 0.05), also the bone microstructure of rats in HE group has been recovered as the positive group.
Conclusion HE has strong therapeutical effect on OP, can improve the BMD and microstructure of bones.
Acknowledgement: This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81473509), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81503384), the Cultivation and Innovation Fund for Scientific Research of Jinan University Youth Fund Project (no. 21612341) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (21614309).
References
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Statement of originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Competing interest / Conflict of interest: The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the
official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
Original article
Shanmugasamy K1Sujata Mallick1,Rajendra S. Dhaka1*,Koteeswaran G1,Dhananjay S. Kotasthane1,Seetesh Ghose2
1 Department of Pathology, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, Pondicherry, 607402, India
2 Department of Obstetrics Gynaecology, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, Pondicherry, 607402, India
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*Dr. Rajendra S. Dhaka, MD PhD, Professor of Pathology Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, Pondicherry, 607402, India
Article citation: Shanmugasamy K, Mallick S, Dhaka RS, Koteeswaran G, Kotasthane DS, Ghose S. Cytomorphological evaluation of 1,000 cases of unhealthy cervix to assess present role of Pap smear screening in developing country. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2016;06(05):269–274.Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
Introduction Last few decades saw a Pap smear becoming synonymous with early detection of cervical carcinoma, leading to its rapid decline worldwide. However, newer screening modalities like liquid cytology have been embraced by the developed world. The relevance of the Pap smear in developing countries like India needs to be evaluated.
Objectives To assess the risk factors associated with cervical carcinoma. To correlate cyto-clinical–histopathological findings in the unhealthy cervix by Pap smear to determine its validity and feasibility.
Materials and Methods Pap smears from 1,000 patients who presented in the Gynaecology department with the unhealthy cervix (discharge, bleeding or signs like erosion were clinically grouped as unhealthy) from December 2011 to May 2013 were enrolled in the study. Risk factors for cervical carcinoma were taken into consideration. The cytological results were correlated with the clinical findings and compared to the biopsy results.
Results A total of 114 patients presented with epithelial cell abnormalities in cervical smears, low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL 4.4%) being the most common lesion. Risk factors for malignancy showed significant association with epithelial cell abnormality (P = 0.05%). Cervical smears showing epithelial cell abnormality were significantly associated with the clinical findings like discharge (P = 0.001), erosion (P-value = 0.002) and unhealthy looking cervix (P-value = 0.028). Pap smear showed 59.4% sensitivity, a positive predictive value of 95.4 and 55.9% concordance with the biopsy.
Conclusion Pap smear has moderate sensitivity and high specificity. The feasibility and cost effectiveness of Pap smear to detect cervical cancer in the presence of significant risk factors and unhealthy symptoms makes it an effective screening procedure in the developing countries with limited resources and infrastructure.
KEYWORDS pap smear, cervical carcinoma, unhealthy cervix
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Statement of originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Sources of funding: None.
Competing interest / Conflict of interest: The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the study.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.