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Original article
Sipra Lenka,Amit Agrawal*,Pratima Mishra
Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Hi-Tech Medical College and Hospital, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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*Amit Agrawal, Department of Obstetrics & Gynaeacology, Hi-Tech medical college and hospital, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India
Article citation: Lenka S, Agrawal A,Mishra P. Oral misoprostol versus intravenous methylergometrine for the prevention of postpartum haemorrhage. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2016;06(06):399–400.Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
Background Post partum haemorrhage is one of the most common causes of maternal mortality. Uterine atonicity, trauma to the genital tract, retained product of placenta are common causes of postpartum haemorrhage (PPH), out of these, atonicity contributes to a majority of cases. Many drugs have been used for the contraction of the uterus such as oxytocin, misoprostol and methylergometrine. In this study, the role of IV methylergometrine was compared with oral misoprostol for the prevention of PPH.
Materials and Methods Study of 180 women who received IV methylergometrine or oral misoprostol 600 mcg to prevent post PPH was carried out in the labour room of Hi-Tech Medical College and Hospitals, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India, between January 2014 and January 2015.
Result In this study oral misoprostol was found to be safe, non invasive and effective method in prevention of PPH specially in low resource setting in India.
Conclusions In this study oral misoprostol was found to be safe, non invasive and effective method in prevention of PPH specially in low resource setting in India.
KEYWORDS postpartum haemorrhage, misoprostol, methylergometrine
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Statement of originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Source of funding: None.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
David Adeiza Otohinoyi*, Olugbenga Morebise,Adegbenro Omotuyi John Fakoya
All Saints University School of Medicine,Roseau, Dominica, West Indies
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*David A. Otohinoyi, BSc, All Saints University School of Medicine, Roseau, Dominica, West Indies
Article citation: Otohinoyi DA, Morebise O,Fakoya AOJ. Mechanism of inflammatory pain and implementation of natural products as rescue route. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2016;06(06):350–359.Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
The onset of pain is the major discomfort associated with inflammation. The inflammation is usually associated with tissue injury, irritation and infection. This leads to the release of pro-inflammatory compounds from either damaged or immune cells leading to the stimulation of nociceptors which are mainly primary afferent fibres. The stimulation of these fibres by neuropeptide, substance P, prostaglandins, leukotrienes, histamine, serotonin, protons and others leads to pain. To ease this pain, the drugs tend to either inhibit the enzymes or the nerve receptors. The major means of controlling the pain involves the inhibition of cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways. However, the effective inhibition of these enzymes tends also to impede other functional physiological activities occurring in the body, leading to health crisis. The steps in eradicating these lethal side effects have led to the various techniques including natural remedies like plants and fish oils. Therefore, this study tends to present a review on the pain sensation pathway during inflammation and how the introduction of natural products in drug therapies could prove lucrative.
KEYWORDS inflammation, irritation, infection, pain sensation
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Statement of originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Source of funding: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest: The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Feroz Awadelkarim Elsayed*, Omer Balla Ibrahim,Selma Ali Albashir
Department of Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
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*Feroz Awadelkarim Elsayed, Department of Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
Article citation: Elsayed FA, Ibrahim OB, Albashir SA. Liver abnormality in carriers of hepatitis B virus (HBV). J Pharm Biomed Sci 2016;06(06):347–349. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
Background Viral hepatitis is a first-rate human global health problem. It is far anticipated that 40% of the world’s population has had contact with or are carriers of the hepatitis B virus (HBV). The enzymes and elements that are involved in chronic liver diseases may have a direct hepatic toxicity or may be decreased as a consequence of impaired liver function.
Methods The case–control study to investigate the abnormality in the liver of carriers with HBV was conducted in Khartoum state during the period from March to April 2016. A total of 80 donors (40 male healthy control and 40 male carriers) were enrolled to investigate the abnormality of liver function by estimating the levels of T. bilirubin using vox method, direct bilirubin using vox method, albumin using bromocresol green method, AST using IFCC method, ALT using IFCC method and serum copper using atomic absorption spectrophotometer.
Results The mean values of serum albumin in carriers and the control group were 4.035 g/dL ± 0.53 and 4.6175 g/dL ± 0.26, respectively. The mean values of serum copper in carriers and the control group were 0.551 mg/L ± 0.22 and 0.7003 mg/L ± 0.12, respectively. The above values were statistically significantly decreased when compared to the control group (P values 0.000). The mean values of serum T. bilirubin in carriers and the control group were 0.387 mg/dL ± 0.23 and 0.4 377 mg/dL ± 0.28, respectively. The mean values of serum direct bilirubin in carriers and the control group were 0.134 mg/dL ± 0.11 and 0.1548 mg/dL ± 0.12, respectively. The mean values of serum AST in carriers and the control group were 18.85 IU/L ± 4.02 and 22.05 IU/L ± 10.91, respectively. The mean values of serum ALT in carriers and the control group were 25.35 IU/L ± 20.91 and 21.725 IU/L ± 8.02, respectively. There were no significant differences in the mean values of bilirubin (T and D), AST and ALT when compared to control group (P values > 0.05).
Conclusion The results presented in this study showed statistically significant decreases in both serum albumin and copper levels in carriers when compared to control group. There were no significant differences between the HBV carriers and control group regarding the levels of T. bilirubin, direct bilirubin, AST and ALT in our study.
KEYWORDS T. bilirubin, direct bilirubin, albumin, AST, ALT, serum copper, HBV, carriers
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Statement of originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Sources of funding: None.
Competing interest / Conflict of interest: The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Xue Xiaa, Guo-En Wanga,Hoi-Yan Wub,Hai-Yan Tiana*,Pang-Chui Shawb*, Ren-Wang Jianga*
a Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy,Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632,People’s Republic of China
b School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, People’s Republic of China
Address reprint requests to:
*Ren-Wang Jiang, College of Pharmacy,Jinan University, Huangpu Avenue West 601.510632 Guangzhou,People’s Republic of China
Article citation: Xia X, Wang G, Wu HY,Tian HY, Shaw PC, Jiang RW. Isolation and identification of antioxidant flavonoids from the seeds of Cardiocrinum giganteum var. yunnanense. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2016;06(06):374–377.Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
One new biflavonoid, 3″-hydroxyrobustaflavone (1), together with four known compounds(2-5) were isolated from the seeds of Cardiocrinum giganteum var. yunnanense. The new structure was elucidated based on the extensive spectroscopic methods and the known compounds were identified by comparison with the literatures. In addition, all of these isolated compounds possessed good antioxidant capacities beyond that of L-ascorbic acid.
KEYWORDS Cardiocrinum giganteum var. yunnanense, biflavonoid, flavonoid, oxygen radical absorbance capacity
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Statement of originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Source of funding: This work was supported by Guangdong key scientific project (2013A022100029) and the Health and Medical Research Fund of Hong Kong (P.C.S).
Competing interest / Conflict of interest: The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
Research article
J. D. Andhale*,R. N. Misra,N. R. Gandham,K. M. Angadi,S. V. Jadhav,C. R. Vyawahare,M. Pawar,S. Hatolkar
Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre (D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune), Pimpri, Pune, 411018, India
Address reprint requests to
*Mr. J. D. Andhale, [Ph. D. Scholar],
Department of Microbiology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre (D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune), Pimpri,Pune, 411018, India
Article citation: Andhale JD, Misra RN, Gandham NR, Angadi KM, Jadhav SV, Vyawahare CR et al. Incidence of Pseudomonas aeruginisa with special reference to drug resistance and biofilm formation from clinical samples in tertiary care hospital. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2016;06(06):387–391. Available at www.jpbms.info
Background Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa ) is an aerobic, gram negative, motile rod and possesses a variety of virulence factors. Antimicrobial resistance is an innate feature of bacterial biofilms.
Objectives Determination of prevalence, antibiotic susceptibility and biofilm production of P. aeruginosa isolates from clinical samples.
Materials and Methods A prospective study was carried out from the period of June 2014 to December 2014 in Microbiology Department, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Pune. The study included a total of 300 various clinical samples received in the department of Microbiology from different wards for routine culture and sensitivity test. The samples were processed and isolates were identified by standard protocol. All isolates were tested for phenotypic detection of biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance pattern.
Results Out of 300 clinical samples, 30 samples were positive for P. aeruginosa (10%). Maximum of 19 isolates were from pus/wound swab (63.33%) followed by urine 5 (20%). 23 (76.66%) were from males and 7 (23.33%) were from females. Maximum prevalence belonged to the age group of 41–60 years of age 14 (46.66%), followed by patients of 60–80 years of age 8 (26.66%). A total of 13 of the 30 isolates (43.33%) showed biofilm
production. 66.66% (10/15) of multiple antibiotic resistant isolates showed biofilm production. P. aeruginosa was highly resistant to ceftazidime 50% and least resistant to imipenem 10%.
Conclusion The results confirmed P. aeruginosa is a common pathogen isolated from various clinical samples of patients. In this study, the antibiotic resistance was significantly higher among biofilm-producing P. aeruginosa than non-producer. Imipenem was found to be the most effective antimicrobial agent. Use of ceftazidime should be restricted as it found least effective. To avoid rapid emergence of drug resistant strains, periodic testing of biofilm formation and antibiotic sensitivity should be carried out to detect the resistance trends. As this is a hospital-based epidemiological data, present study will help for implementation of better patient management and infection control strategies.
KEYWORDS P. aeruginosa, biofilm, Imipenem, ceftazidime
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Statement of originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Sources of funding: None.
Ethical approval: The study was approved by the institutional ethics committee.
Acknowledgments: The authors would like to extend their thanks to the management and the head of the institute for giving opportunity to conduct research. They are also thankful to members of the D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth for their help and support. The authors acknowledge the assistance provided by Neelam Sing (Senior Technician) at different stages of this study.
Competing interest / Conflict of interest: The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the study.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.