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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Feroz Awadelkarim Elsayed*, Omer Balla Ibrahim,Selma Ali Albashir
Department of Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
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*Feroz Awadelkarim Elsayed, Department of Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
Article citation: Elsayed FA, Ibrahim OB, Albashir SA. Liver abnormality in carriers of hepatitis B virus (HBV). J Pharm Biomed Sci 2016;06(06):347–349. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
Background Viral hepatitis is a first-rate human global health problem. It is far anticipated that 40% of the world’s population has had contact with or are carriers of the hepatitis B virus (HBV). The enzymes and elements that are involved in chronic liver diseases may have a direct hepatic toxicity or may be decreased as a consequence of impaired liver function.
Methods The case–control study to investigate the abnormality in the liver of carriers with HBV was conducted in Khartoum state during the period from March to April 2016. A total of 80 donors (40 male healthy control and 40 male carriers) were enrolled to investigate the abnormality of liver function by estimating the levels of T. bilirubin using vox method, direct bilirubin using vox method, albumin using bromocresol green method, AST using IFCC method, ALT using IFCC method and serum copper using atomic absorption spectrophotometer.
Results The mean values of serum albumin in carriers and the control group were 4.035 g/dL ± 0.53 and 4.6175 g/dL ± 0.26, respectively. The mean values of serum copper in carriers and the control group were 0.551 mg/L ± 0.22 and 0.7003 mg/L ± 0.12, respectively. The above values were statistically significantly decreased when compared to the control group (P values 0.000). The mean values of serum T. bilirubin in carriers and the control group were 0.387 mg/dL ± 0.23 and 0.4 377 mg/dL ± 0.28, respectively. The mean values of serum direct bilirubin in carriers and the control group were 0.134 mg/dL ± 0.11 and 0.1548 mg/dL ± 0.12, respectively. The mean values of serum AST in carriers and the control group were 18.85 IU/L ± 4.02 and 22.05 IU/L ± 10.91, respectively. The mean values of serum ALT in carriers and the control group were 25.35 IU/L ± 20.91 and 21.725 IU/L ± 8.02, respectively. There were no significant differences in the mean values of bilirubin (T and D), AST and ALT when compared to control group (P values > 0.05).
Conclusion The results presented in this study showed statistically significant decreases in both serum albumin and copper levels in carriers when compared to control group. There were no significant differences between the HBV carriers and control group regarding the levels of T. bilirubin, direct bilirubin, AST and ALT in our study.
KEYWORDS T. bilirubin, direct bilirubin, albumin, AST, ALT, serum copper, HBV, carriers
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Statement of originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Sources of funding: None.
Competing interest / Conflict of interest: The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
Research article
Wen Hou,Ping-Hua Sun,Zhi-Zhong Geng,Hong-Gui Xu,Jing Lin,Wei-Min Chen*
College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
Address reprint requests to:
*Wei-Min Chen, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
Article citation: Hou W, Sun PH, Geng ZZ, Xu HG, Lin J, Chen WM. Design, synthesis and antibacterial assay of pinosylvin acid derivatives. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2016;06(06):369–373. Available at www.jpbms.info
Abstract:
In this study, a series of Pinosylvin acid (PA) derivatives 3a-3g and 4e were designed and synthesized from 2-acetoxy-6-((diethoxyphosphoryl)methyl)-4-methoxybenzoate and aromatic aldehyde. All structures of target PA derivatives 3a-3g and 4e were characterized by 1H-NMR and MS. Corresponding in vitro antibacterial activities were evaluated by broth dilution method. Among 3a-3g, derivative 3e exhibited potent antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Bacillus subtilis and MRSA, with a value of MIC against MRSA reaching 16 g/mL. Another type of target compound, 4e, was optimized from 3e by structural modification. Its corresponding value of MIC against MRSA was up to 0.5•g/mL, which was 32-fold stronger than that of norfloxacin. Meanwhile, cytotoxic assay revealed 4e possessed a good selective index between bacterial and normal cells, indicating the potential apply of 4e as an antibacterial agent in clinical application. Based on this preliminary achievement, further investigations including in vivo antibacterial effect and in vivo toxicity tests are still in process.
KEYWORDS antibacterial activity, MRSA, pinosylvin acid derivatives, synthesis.
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Statement of originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Source of funding: None.
Competing interest / Conflict of interest: The authors have no financial conflicts of interest.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
D. M. Christe1*,M. P. Kanchana2
1 Medical Research Officer, Indian Council of Medical Research, HRRC, NIRRH-FU,Mumbai, India
2 Department of Gynaecology and Pathology, Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Madras Medical College, Chennai, India
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*D. M. Christe, MBBS DGO PhD, Indian Council of Medical Research, HRRC,NIRRH-FU, Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Chennai, India
Article citation: Christe DM, Kanchana MP. Impact of cervical cancer screening in a referral centre. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2016;06(06):360–362. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
Settings Our centre is a public referral and treatment centre situated in the Chennai metropolis. The analysis of the number of women diagnosed with cervical cancer at our centre was performed to find out the impact of low-cost cervical cancer screening in bringing down the incidence of cervical cancer.
Aim To find out the number of women diagnosed with cervical cancer over the past 3 years from 2011 to 2013, in a referral centre in Chennai, to assess the impact of the ongoing cervical cancer screening program.
Methods The number of women diagnosed with cervical cancer and gynaecological cancer from 2011 to 2013 were noted from the records of histopathological reports and maintained in the colposcopy and pathology departments.
Results In 2011, the number of women diagnosed with cervical cancer was 782. The majority of 739 women had squamous cell carcinoma and a less number of 43 women had adenocarcinoma. The following year 2012, the number of women with cervical cancer showed a promising decrease to a total of 672, and further decreased to 599 in 2013. Squamous cell carcinoma was diagnosed in 655 women in 2012 and 575 women in 2013. In the year 2011, the number of women with squamous cell cancer was larger in the age group of 50–60 years, and the largest numbers of women with adenocarcinoma were in the age group of 41–50 years. There was a significant reduction in the incidence of cervical cancer in all the 3 years (P < 0.0000001).
A fall in the percentage of cervical cancer among total gynaecological cancers was also observed.
Conclusion A significant reduction was observed in the incidence of cervical cancer over the past 3 years. The ongoing State Cervical Cancer Screening program could probably have contributed to effect this change.
KEYWORDS incidence of cervical cancer, cervical cancer screening, cancer of cervix
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Statement of originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Sources of funding: None.
Competing interest / Conflict of interest: The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
REVIEW ARTICLE
Sarika Srivastava1,Priya Ranjan Kumar2*,Santosh Kumar Mishra2
1 Assistant Professor, IMS Ghaziabad (University Courses Campus), NH24, Adhyatmik Nagar, Ghaziabad, UP, India
2 Assistant Professor, IMS Engineering College, NH24, Adhyatmik Nagar, Ghaziabad, UP, India
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*Priya Ranjan Kumar, Assistant Professor, IMS Engineering College, NH24, Adhyatmik Nagar, Ghaziabad, UP, India
Article citation: Srivastava S, Kumar PR, Mishra SK. Identification of metabolites through GC/LC–MS processed data using different reference libraries and their comparison. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2016;06(06):363–368. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
Much significant advancement has been reported in the last few years in the field of metabolomics studies. The high-end computer applications are already contributing to the research and analysis in the field of life sciences. There are many hardware and softwares available, which can be used with various biomolecular separation and analysis instruments like chromatography, mass spectroscopy (MS), NMR, etc. The metabolite identification is the crucial part of the metabolomics study. The biosample collected from any resource need to be analysed from GC/LC–MS or NMR-type instrumentation to precisely identify the compounds present in the sample qualitatively and quantitatively. There are many tools and databases already available which can be used for the pre-processing, processing and analysis of raw data generated from these instruments. Various reference libraries are also available, which can be used for the identification of metabolites present in the sample after the processing of raw data. In this study, we have reviewed and compared different libraries and tools available for the metabolite identification from GC/ LC–MS data.
KEYWORDS metabolomics, reference libraries, GC–MS, LC–MS, metabolite profiling
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Statement of originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Sources of funding: None.
Competing interest / Conflict of interest: The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
David Adeiza Otohinoyi*, Olugbenga Morebise,Adegbenro Omotuyi John Fakoya
All Saints University School of Medicine,Roseau, Dominica, West Indies
Address reprint requests to
*David A. Otohinoyi, BSc, All Saints University School of Medicine, Roseau, Dominica, West Indies
Article citation: Otohinoyi DA, Morebise O,Fakoya AOJ. Mechanism of inflammatory pain and implementation of natural products as rescue route. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2016;06(06):350–359.Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
The onset of pain is the major discomfort associated with inflammation. The inflammation is usually associated with tissue injury, irritation and infection. This leads to the release of pro-inflammatory compounds from either damaged or immune cells leading to the stimulation of nociceptors which are mainly primary afferent fibres. The stimulation of these fibres by neuropeptide, substance P, prostaglandins, leukotrienes, histamine, serotonin, protons and others leads to pain. To ease this pain, the drugs tend to either inhibit the enzymes or the nerve receptors. The major means of controlling the pain involves the inhibition of cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways. However, the effective inhibition of these enzymes tends also to impede other functional physiological activities occurring in the body, leading to health crisis. The steps in eradicating these lethal side effects have led to the various techniques including natural remedies like plants and fish oils. Therefore, this study tends to present a review on the pain sensation pathway during inflammation and how the introduction of natural products in drug therapies could prove lucrative.
KEYWORDS inflammation, irritation, infection, pain sensation
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