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Original article
Gao Ruitao1,Ou Yang1,Liu Wu1,Wang Gaofang1,Li Sha2,Jiang Jie1,3*
1 Institute of New Drug Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
2 Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
3 Dongguan Institute of Jinan University, Dongguan 523808, China
Address reprint requests to:
*Jiang Jie, Institute of New Drug Research,College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Dongguan Institute of Jinan University, Dongguan 523808, China
Article citation: Ruitao G, Yang O, Wu L,Gaofang W, Sha L, Jie J. Influence of ortho group introduction on the alkylation of phenolic hydroxyl of apocynin. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2016;06(07):414–418.
ABSTRACT
Apocynin was widely studied in inflammation and oxidative stress related diseases and showed effectiveness. Structure-activity relationship study was carried out and intended
to figure out new lead compounds of better efficacy. In the structure-activity relationship study of apocynin, different ortho group introduction was found to obviously affect the alkylation of phenolic hydroxyl. In this work, different ortho substituents of apocynin phenolic hydroxyl were designed and synthesized to further discuss their influence on the reaction activity of the phenolic hydroxyl group. When compared with the introduction of electron withdrawing group, aldehyde group (–CHO), introduction of electron donating group, amine group (–NH2), at the ortho position improved the reactivity of phenolic hydroxyl. It enabled the alkylation of phenolic hydroxyl easily occurring under a mild condition with a yield increase at least 26%, thus facilitated the modification of apocynin in further steps.
KEYWORDS apocynin, alkylation, phenolic hydroxyl, ortho substituent
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Statement of originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Source of funding: This research was supported by the National Natural Science Funds of China (81441128) and the National Science and Technology Support Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (2013BAH08F04) to Jiang Jie..
Competing interest / Conflict of interest: The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research.
All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
Original article
C. Sridhar1*,C. Anuradha2,C. Krithika3,Ramachandran Sudarshan4
1 Department of Medicine, Government Medical College and Hospital, Omandurar Government estate, Chennai, India
2 Department of Anaesthesiology, Madras Medical College, Chennai, India
3 Department of Oral medicine and radiology, Thai Moogambigai Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India
4 Department Oral Medicine and radiology, Ultra Best Dental College and Hospital, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
Address reprint requests to:
*Dr. C. Sridhar, MD
Professor of Medicine, Government Medical College, Omandurar Government estate, Chennai
Article citation: C. Sridhar, C. Anuradha,C. Krithika, R. Sudarshan. Evaluation of habit patterns and clinical findings of oral submucous fibrosis in South Indian population. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2016;06(07):425–432. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the habit patterns and clinical features of oral submucous fibrosis.
Materials and Methods A hospital-based cross sectional study was conducted in a sample of 75 subjects with clinically diagnosed oral submucous fibrosis. Prior to the treatment, a detailed habit history was elicited. Clinical symptoms and signs were recorded. Mouth opening, cheek flexibility and tongue protrusion were also recorded.
Results 93.33% had the habit of using processed areca nut products like Gutkha (54.66%), Mawa (20%). The burning sensation was the most common symptom seen in 82% of cases, followed by restricted mouth opening. Blanching and palpable fibrous bands were present in all cases. The mean mouth opening of the sample was 32.73 (±9.10) mm, cheek flexibility was 6.48 (±3.06) mm, and tongue protrusion was 43.92 (±10.24) mm.
Conclusion It is important to be familiar with the habit patterns and clinical features of oral submucous fibrosis to facilitate early diagnosis and prompt management to reduce oral cancer-related morbidity and mortality.
KEYWORDS oral submucosa fibrosis, oral cavity, areca nuts
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Statement of originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Source of funding: None.
Competing interest / Conflicts of interest: The authors have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
Original article
ZK Mohammed1,D Templeton2,Hajja Gana Hamza1,A Gidado1,IM Hussaini3
1 Department of Biochemistry, University of Maiduguri Nigeria
2 Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
3 Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Maiduguri, Nigeria
Address reprint requests to:
Dr. Hajja Gana Hamza,
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science,University of Maiduguri, Nigeria
Article citation: Mohammed ZK, Templeton D, Hamza HG, Gidado A, Hussaini IM. Detarium microcarpum stem bark extracts induce apoptosis in human breast adenocarcinoma MDA MB 231 cells via cJNK activation and mitochondrial cytochrome C release. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2016;06(07):439–444. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
Detarium microcarpum stem bark extract (DMSE) is one of the medicinal herbs used by the traditional medical practitioners in North East Nigeria to treat or manage various ailments such as wounds, inflammation and some form of malignancy. This study is an attempt to assess the anti-tumor activity of DMSE on human breast adenocarcinoma MDA MB 231 cells and the underlying mechanism involved in the anti-cancer activity. The survival rate of MDA MB 231 cells was reduced in a dose-dependent manner as assessed by MTT assay. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (cJunK) was phosphorylated shortly 1 h after treatment. The translocation of mitochondrial cytochrome C to the cytosol was observed after 3 h post-treatment. In conclusion, these results suggest that DMSE possibly causes mitochondrial damage leading to cytochrome release in cytosol and the activation of c-JUN kinase resulting in apoptosis of human breast adenocarcinoma MDA MB 231 cells.
KEYWORDS Deterium microcarpum, stem bark extract, apoptosis.
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Statement of originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Source of funding: TETFund Nigeria.
Competing interest / Conflict of interest: The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
CASE REPORT
Amit Mhapuskar, Rakhee Modak*, Darshan Hiremutt, Santosh Jadhav
Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University Dental College and Hospital, Pune, India
Address reprint requests to:
*Rakhee Modak,
Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University Dental College and Hospital, Pune, India
Article citation: Mhapuskar A, Modak R, Hiremutt D, Jadhav S. Aneurysmal bone cyst of mandible: a case report and review of literature. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2016;06(07):433–438.
Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
An aneurysmal bone cyst is a rare benign expanding osteolytic lesion of bone characterized by replacement with fibro-osseous tissue containing blood filled sinusoidal or cavernous spaces of variable size. Aneurysmal bone cyst are infrequent in craniofacial skeleton and among all cystic lesions that can be found in maxilla and mandible it is rare, most commonly found in long bones and vertebral column. The development of aneurysmal bone cyst is related to history of trauma and subperiosteal hematoma formation. In this article we present a case of 40-year-old female patient with an aneurysmal bone cyst involving right angle and ramus of mandible. Computed Tomography of mandible revealed a well-defined expansile lesion in the region of the angle and ramus of right hemi mandible with thinning of bony cortex and diagnosis was confirmed by histopathological examination. In our patient, en block (The resection of large bulky tumor virtually without dissection) resection allowed complete removal of the lesion and reconstruction plate was placed for rehabilitation. We have focused on differential diagnosis of lesions that are found at this location and histopathological examination remains the Gold Standard in confirmatory diagnosis of such lesions.
KEYWORDS aneurysmal bone cyst, ameloblastoma, osteolytic bone neoplasm, hemi mandiblectomy.
Statement of originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Source of funding: None.
Competing interest / Conflict of interest: The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.