DocumentsDate added
Review article:-
*Baiju Gopalan Nair 1 K Amarendhar Reddy 1, Naga Lakshmi Reddy 1, Upendranath Reddy1
1Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics,G Pulla Reddy Dental College & Hospital, Kurnool ,Andhrapradesh, India.
Abstract:-The success in endodontics depends on complete eradication of microbes from the root canal system which effectively prevents re infection. the introduction of rotary instruments help the canal preparation more effective especially in the apical third, there by helping the effectiveness of the irrigants to penetrate till the root apex. This helped to control the microbial level at the apical third of the root canals. The irrigants which use to be delivered using the traditional methods like syringes and needles of different size and tip design prove d to be ineffective. In the recent years, chemical composition of irrigants and mechanical devices which helps in irrigation has been improved leaps and bounds. This article summarizes the recent developments for the safe and effective irrigation which ultimately helps to minimize the bacterial levels resulting in successive endodontic therapy.
Key words:-Root canal Irrigants, Root canal disinfection, Smear layer, Endovac- irrigating system, PUI, Lasers, Quantec-e irrigation system, Bioglasses, Ozone therapy.
Original research article:-
*Harika Chanda1 Palash Das1, Rahul Chakraborty 2, Arpita Ghosh 3
*1,2.Department of Pharmaceutics, MLR Institute of Pharmacy, Hyderabad, India. 1.Department of Pharmaceutics, Sri Krupa college of Pharmacy, Siddipet, India. 3.Department of Pharmaceutics, Vikas college of Pharmacy, Jangaon, India.
Abstract Aims:-The purpose of research involves to prepare the liposomes of anti fungal drug, fluconazole which were encapsulated in the form of liposomes for topical application and to improve the therapeutic response and reduce the possible adverse symptoms. Here liposomes of Fluconazole were prepared by thin film hydration technique using soya lecithin, cholesterol and drug in different weight ratios. The prepared liposomes were characterized for size, shape, entrapment efficiency, in-vitro drug release (by franz diffusion cell) and physical stability. The studies demonstrated successful preparation of Fluconazole liposomes and effect of soya lecithin: cholesterol weight ratio on entrapment efficiency and on drug release.
Keywords: Antifungal, liposomes, fluconazole, soya lecithin, cholesterol.
Original research article:-
Rattan Deep Singh1, Juhi Mishra1, Anoop Kumar Dobriyal 2, *Aradhana1
1.Dept. of Biotechnology, S. Bhagwan Singh PG Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Research, Balawala, Dehradun, India.
2.Dept. of Zoology and Biotechnology, Hemwati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University, Pauri Campus, Pauri-Garhwal, India.
Abstract:- The present study is based on analysis of various physio-chemical properties of crude extract of lectins from selected Phaseolus vulgaris landraces. The haemagglutination and sugar inhibiting properties differ among the landraces. Sample from Dhanpoo and Darchula show maximum haemagglutinating activity (16HU). The minimum inhibitory concentration of sugar among cultivars was found in the range of 25-50 mM. The haemagglutinating activity of lectins was found to be stable upto temperature of 700C, above which there was no haemagglutinating activity. Similarly the lectin activity was found to be stable at pH range of 7-8, which means haemagglutination activity is negligible in too acidic and basic medium. The crude extract of lectins was subjected for partial purification through ammonium sulphate precipitation and SDS-PAGE analysis. The molecular weight of lectin was found to be 34kd, which is similar to commercially prepared Phytohaemagglutinin used as a standard.
Keywords:-Phytohaemagglutinin, Sugar inhibition, Haemagglutination titer.
Original research article:-
1Siddiqui Aslam Iqbal*,M.Pharm(Pharmaceutics),1Bakde Bharti Vidya,M.Pharm (Pharmaceutic), 3Dr. Kiran K Tappar (Ph.D.)
1.Pataldhamal Wadhwani College of pharmacy, SGB Amravati University, Yavatmal-445001, Maharashtra, India.
2.Vidya Bharati College of pharmacy, Amravati, Maharashtra, India.
Abstract:-The present research work aimed to design a gastro retentive floating drug delivery system for sustained release of Diltiazem Hydrochloride. Diltiazem HCl has site specific drug absorption from upper part of gastrointestinal tract and it is insoluble at higher pH (i.e. lower part of GI tract), therefore poorly absorbed from lower part of GI tract. Unabsorbed drug causes impaired therapeutic effect, increases frequency of dose administration and contributes to more side effects. Therefore a gastro retentive dosage form is required to ensure the controlled drug delivery of Diltiazem HCl within a drug absorbable region. Various grades of low density polymers (HPMC K4M, HPMC K15M, HPMC K100M and Xanthan gum) were used for formulation of this system. They were prepared by physical blending of Diltiazem HCl, polymers and effervescent agent in varying ratios. The formulation was optimized on the basis of In vitro bouncy and In vitro release in 0.1 N HCL buffer solutions. In vitro buoyancy was found to be in the range of 10 to 25 seconds and percent swelling index in the range of 130 to 332 %. Floating time was more than 12 hrs. In vitro drug release of the optimized batch (F5) was found to be 94.15 % at the end of 12th hr and it show the best fit model as matrix and it shows non-fickian type of drug release. The floating tablets were also evaluated for uniformity of weight, hardness, friability, drug content and effect of hardness on floating lag time.
Keywords: Effect of Hardness on Floating Lag Time and Total, Floating time, In vitro, Buoyancy studies, Mechanism of release, Water uptake study.
Original research article:-
*Salah I. Kheder, Idris Eltayeb, Sania A I Shaddad, Isam Kheder.
*Ph.D Pharmacology-National College of Medical & Techenical sciencies, Deputy Pharmacy Program Co-ordinator,Pharmacy program,Khartoum-3783,Sudan.
Abstract:-Background: Antimicrobial resistance is one of the biggest challenges facing global public health. In the past sixty years, many classes of antimicrobial have been developed, but duration of benefit appeared to be limited: resistance has emerged to every antimicrobial class. Antimicrobial resistance seriously hampers treatment of infections and leads to increased length of stay, morbidity, mortality and healthcare costs, both in hospital and community settings. In the era of increasing bacterial resistance and in the absence of new effective antibacterial drugs, it is necessary to use the currently available agents optimally and appropriately. Of the interventions designed to reduce antibiotic resistant rates in hospitals, where antibiotic usage is high, is antibiotic cycling or rotation.
Method: A prospective quasi-experimental (pre & post intervention), nonrandomized, observational study, conducted in Ibn Sina Hospital at two surgical wards (Gastro-intestinal tract & Urology surgical wards), to evaluate the impact of antimicrobial cycling intervention in the prevalence of antimicrobial-resistance bacteria. Three antibiotic classes (cephalosporin, amoxiclave and ciprofloxacin) were systematically cycled for 3-4 months intervals over 2 years. Colonization with antibiotic-resistance bacteria was determined with intensive surveillance, through cultured a bacterial isolates taken from surgical wounds and urine and sensitivity test were performed for susceptibility.
Results: In all, 1681 surveillance samples obtained from 2359 eligible patients admitted to the Ibn Sina hospital. Of these samples 345 (20.5%) obtained from GIT ward as surgical and wound swabs, 1336 (79.5%) samples obtained from urology surgical ward (1197 urine samples and 139 surgical swabs). A decrease in the mortality rate was observed when comparing between the baseline period and most of the cyclic periods for each ward, but with no significant difference. Length of stay decreased from baseline period to cyclic period for each ward (GIT 13.3± 11.8 Vs 9.6± 8.7 ,p ≤ 0.229 ; Urology 11.9± 12.42 Vs 7.1± 5.5 p≤ 0.204).As general we notice that there is a divergent effect of the antimicrobial cycling on the prevalence of bacterial resistance. A slight decrease in mean resistance percentage, (R %) for all gram-positive bacteria (GPB) between baseline and cycle (VI) in GIT ward (decreased from 79% to 73%), while there is increase in mean (R %) for all gram-negative bacteria (GNB) for the same ward during same period (increased from 89% to 100%). In urology ward an increase in mean (R%) for GPB between baseline and cycle (VI) (increased from 81% to 97%),but a decrease in mean (R%) GNB for the same ward during the same period (decreased from 88% to 78%).
Conclusion: After two years follow-up our study was successes to stabilize antibiotic resistance, without significant reduction, especially when we put in consideration that the physicians' adherence to only the use of the cycled antimicrobial was poor and also erratic.
Key words: antibiotic resistance; antibiotic cycling; antibiotic rotation, antibiotic policy.