DocumentsDate added
Original research article:-
* Mrs. G. Indira1,Prof G.Raghuramulu1, Prof.S.Ramreddy2, Prof.Kondal Rao3.
1* Asst Prof .in microbiology, Dept. of Microbiology. Pingle govt Degree and PG college,Warangal ,Andhra Pradesh, India.
1.Dept. of Zoology, Kakatiya university, Warangal, Andhra Pradesh,India.
2.Dept. of Microbiology, Kakatiya university, Warangal, Andhra Pradesh, India.
3.Dept. of Microbiology, Kakatiya Medical College, Warangal, Andhra Pradesh, India.
Abstract:-Trichophyton is the commonest dermatophyte which is geophilic, zoophilic and anthrophilic in nature. The genus Trichophyton includes 24 species; some of these are saprophytes. The most common human pathogenic species of Tricophyton genus are T.mentagrophytes 1 and T.rubrum2. These causes tinea corporis, tinea cruris, tinea pedis, tinea capitis, tinea unguium by infecting skin, hair and nail respectively. The two species can be differentiated on the basis of biochemical tests like urease test 3 invitro hair perforation test4 . These are also identified on the culture characters like macro and micro conidia. These rarely produce macro conidia which may be clavate or cigar shaped or elongated, pencil shaped. Microconidia are abundant and may be globose or pyri form and are born singly along the sides of hyphae or in grape like clusters. Key Words: Trichophyton mentagrophytes, T.rubrum, Sabouraud agar medium, urease test, hair perforation test, microconidia .
Original research article:-
*Salah I. Kheder, Idris Eltayeb, Sania A I Shaddad, Isam Kheder.
*Ph.D Pharmacology-National College of Medical & Techenical sciencies, Deputy Pharmacy Program Co-ordinator,Pharmacy program,Khartoum-3783,Sudan.
Abstract:-Background: Antimicrobial resistance is one of the biggest challenges facing global public health. In the past sixty years, many classes of antimicrobial have been developed, but duration of benefit appeared to be limited: resistance has emerged to every antimicrobial class. Antimicrobial resistance seriously hampers treatment of infections and leads to increased length of stay, morbidity, mortality and healthcare costs, both in hospital and community settings. In the era of increasing bacterial resistance and in the absence of new effective antibacterial drugs, it is necessary to use the currently available agents optimally and appropriately. Of the interventions designed to reduce antibiotic resistant rates in hospitals, where antibiotic usage is high, is antibiotic cycling or rotation.
Method: A prospective quasi-experimental (pre & post intervention), nonrandomized, observational study, conducted in Ibn Sina Hospital at two surgical wards (Gastro-intestinal tract & Urology surgical wards), to evaluate the impact of antimicrobial cycling intervention in the prevalence of antimicrobial-resistance bacteria. Three antibiotic classes (cephalosporin, amoxiclave and ciprofloxacin) were systematically cycled for 3-4 months intervals over 2 years. Colonization with antibiotic-resistance bacteria was determined with intensive surveillance, through cultured a bacterial isolates taken from surgical wounds and urine and sensitivity test were performed for susceptibility.
Results: In all, 1681 surveillance samples obtained from 2359 eligible patients admitted to the Ibn Sina hospital. Of these samples 345 (20.5%) obtained from GIT ward as surgical and wound swabs, 1336 (79.5%) samples obtained from urology surgical ward (1197 urine samples and 139 surgical swabs). A decrease in the mortality rate was observed when comparing between the baseline period and most of the cyclic periods for each ward, but with no significant difference. Length of stay decreased from baseline period to cyclic period for each ward (GIT 13.3± 11.8 Vs 9.6± 8.7 ,p ≤ 0.229 ; Urology 11.9± 12.42 Vs 7.1± 5.5 p≤ 0.204).As general we notice that there is a divergent effect of the antimicrobial cycling on the prevalence of bacterial resistance. A slight decrease in mean resistance percentage, (R %) for all gram-positive bacteria (GPB) between baseline and cycle (VI) in GIT ward (decreased from 79% to 73%), while there is increase in mean (R %) for all gram-negative bacteria (GNB) for the same ward during same period (increased from 89% to 100%). In urology ward an increase in mean (R%) for GPB between baseline and cycle (VI) (increased from 81% to 97%),but a decrease in mean (R%) GNB for the same ward during the same period (decreased from 88% to 78%).
Conclusion: After two years follow-up our study was successes to stabilize antibiotic resistance, without significant reduction, especially when we put in consideration that the physicians' adherence to only the use of the cycled antimicrobial was poor and also erratic.
Key words: antibiotic resistance; antibiotic cycling; antibiotic rotation, antibiotic policy.
Original research article:-
Goel Chirag, Verma Pankaj, Ahmad Naseer, Nailwal K Tapan* Department of Biotechnology, Kumaun University, Nainital, Campus, Bhimtal - 263136, Uttarakhand, India.
Abstract:-Urtica parviflora is considered as an important Medicinal plant, due to its various ethanomedical uses. Here, we analyze the Genetic Variation in U.parviflora, with respect to plant distribution in Kumaun hills based on change in altitude. Examination of Random amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers from four plant samples collected at different heights from sea level indicated that genetic variation was appreciable, as samples from lower altitudes showed low genetic similarity with samples collected from higher altitudes. A total of 70 scorable bands were produced in four samples with 8 primers. The average number of bands per primer was 8.75. Out of 70 bands, 48 bands were polymorphic (68.75%) noted in the present investigation. The dendrogram of the samples showed two major clusters. The samples of Mukteshwar, Nainital and Bhowali are in one cluster and Bhimtal in other cluster.
Key words: Genetic Diversity, Primers, RAPD analysis, Taq DNA polymerase.
Review article:-
*VijayKumar Chauhan1, Dr. Rajesh K.S1, Deepak.G.Umalkar1, Lokendra Pal Singh1, Khushbu Shah1, Kuldipsinh Pagi1.
1.Department of Pharmaceutics, Parul Institute of Pharmacy, Limda, Vadodara, Gujarat-391760, India.
Abstract:-Now day’s formulation research is breaking barriers of conventional methods. Today, active ingredients can be delivered with a level of convenience, performance and bioavailability never seen in the market place. Fast disintegrating or Mouth dissolving tablet (MDTs) is one such novel approach to increase consumer acceptance by virtue of rapid disintegration, self administration without water or chewing. This novel type of delivery system offers convenience for treatment-resistant population who have difficulty in swallowing unit oral dosage form, namely Tablets and Capsules. These formulations are particularly beneficial to pediatric and geriatric patients. It is estimated that 50 % of the population is affected by dysphagia which results in high incidence of non-compliance and ineffective therapy. The aim of this article is to review the ideal properties, significance, characteristics, limitation, choice of drug candidates, challenges in formulation, approaches for preparation of MDTs, Patented technologies on MDTs, Suitable drug candidates for MDTs, Marketed product of MDTs, and Evaluation tests of MDTs.
Key words: Fast disintegrating, Mouth Dissolving Tablet, Dysphagia.
Original research article:-
1Siddiqui Aslam Iqbal*,M.Pharm(Pharmaceutics),1Bakde Bharti Vidya,M.Pharm (Pharmaceutic), 3Dr. Kiran K Tappar (Ph.D.)
1.Pataldhamal Wadhwani College of pharmacy, SGB Amravati University, Yavatmal-445001, Maharashtra, India.
2.Vidya Bharati College of pharmacy, Amravati, Maharashtra, India.
Abstract:-The present research work aimed to design a gastro retentive floating drug delivery system for sustained release of Diltiazem Hydrochloride. Diltiazem HCl has site specific drug absorption from upper part of gastrointestinal tract and it is insoluble at higher pH (i.e. lower part of GI tract), therefore poorly absorbed from lower part of GI tract. Unabsorbed drug causes impaired therapeutic effect, increases frequency of dose administration and contributes to more side effects. Therefore a gastro retentive dosage form is required to ensure the controlled drug delivery of Diltiazem HCl within a drug absorbable region. Various grades of low density polymers (HPMC K4M, HPMC K15M, HPMC K100M and Xanthan gum) were used for formulation of this system. They were prepared by physical blending of Diltiazem HCl, polymers and effervescent agent in varying ratios. The formulation was optimized on the basis of In vitro bouncy and In vitro release in 0.1 N HCL buffer solutions. In vitro buoyancy was found to be in the range of 10 to 25 seconds and percent swelling index in the range of 130 to 332 %. Floating time was more than 12 hrs. In vitro drug release of the optimized batch (F5) was found to be 94.15 % at the end of 12th hr and it show the best fit model as matrix and it shows non-fickian type of drug release. The floating tablets were also evaluated for uniformity of weight, hardness, friability, drug content and effect of hardness on floating lag time.
Keywords: Effect of Hardness on Floating Lag Time and Total, Floating time, In vitro, Buoyancy studies, Mechanism of release, Water uptake study.