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Original research article:- M. Manikannan1, M.Sc., R. Balamurugan1, M.Sc., R. Varatharajan,2 S. Dinesh1, M.Sc., *Elanchezhiyan Manickan1, Ph.D., M.D.,
1. Research Scholars Division of Virology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Dr. ALM Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, University of Madras, Taramani, Chennai-600113, India.
1*Professor, Department of Microbiology, Dr.ALM Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani, Chennai- 600 113, India.
2.Medical officer, Voluntary Health Sciences, Adyar, Chennai- 600 020, India.
Abstract:- Background: Nitric oxide and cytokines are produced by the immune cells in response to various stimuli and the initial cytokine milieu at which immune cells interact have a positive impact on the outcome of the immune response generated. Over expression or polarization of a particular cytokine(s) is known for to affect the outcome of the disease. Immunotherapy is a novel approach to combat cytokine mediated diseases and several medicinal plants were shown to possess immune modulatory properties. One of the popular Indian medicinal plants known as Pongamia pinnata (P. pinnata) has been extensively studied for its bioactive properties however, immune modulatory property of the plant extract has not been widely studied. Hence the objective of this study is to study the immune stimulation property of P. pinnata on healthy human PBMCs. Methods: Extracts derived from various solvents were tested for their immune stimulation properties. Briefly, Nitric oxide (NO) production was analyzed upon stimulation of RAW 264.7 cells with plant extract and controls and the supernatants was collected and tested for NO. Similarly culture supernatants obtained at different time points from PBMC stimulated with the extract and were screened for Th-1 and Th-2 cytokines by ELISA. Results: Experiment conducted on RAW 264.7 cells indicated that P. pinnata extract stimulated NO activity. Of the solvents used, NO activity was best seen with aqueous extract. Secondly P. pinnata has induced remarkable production of IL-10. Other cytokines were not stimulated by this extract. Conclusion: Results of our study clearly indicated that P. pinnata extract induced higher levels of Nitric oxide. Maximum NO activity was noticed with aqueous extracts followed by the other extract preparations. It is known that NO can induce Th-2 cytokine and results are in support of this notion.
Key Words:- ELISA, Immune modulation, Immunotherapy, Nitric oxide, PBMC, Pongamia pinnata, Th-1, Th-2 cytokine.
Original Research article:- * Zaved Ahmed Khan1, Asit Ranjan Ghosh2 1,2 Medical Biotechnology Division,School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University,Vellore-632014,TN, India.
Abstract:- The involvement of nitrergic mechanisms in the behavioural effects of withaferin A in rats was studied in the forced swim test. Administration of the withaferin A (10 mg/kg, i.p.), assumed to increase the synthesis of NO , if given with subeffective dose of L-NAME (10 mg/kg , i.p) Neither withaferin A alone nor L-NAME affected the immobilized time of animals in the forced swim test. We conclude that a suppression of NO synthase activity may be important in the anti-depressant effect of Withaferin-A.
Key words:- Withaferin-A, L-NAME, Nitric Oxide,Anxiety,Forced Swim Test and Nnos.
Original research article:- K.R. Alagawadi, *A.Manikanta Kumar Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, KLEU’s College of Pharmacy, Belgaum, Karnataka, India.
Abstract:- A Simple, sensitive, selective and precise high-performance thin layer chromatographic method for analysis of atorvastatin, glimipride and metformin in pharmaceutical dosage form. The method employed TLC aluminium plates Precoated with silica gel 60F-254 as the stationary phase. The solvent system consisted of water: methanol: ammonium sulphate (3.5:3.5:12.6, v/v/v). This system was found to give compact spots for atorvastatin, glimipride and Metformin (Rf value of 0.50 ± 0.01, 0.65 ± 0.01 and 0.33 ± 0.01). Densitometric analysis of atorvastatin, glimipride and metformin were carried out in the absorbance mode at 245nm. The linear regression data for the calibration plots showed good relationship with r2 = 0.999 ± 0.001 from 100-700 ng for atorvastatin, r2 = 0.998± 0.002 from 20-140 ng for glimipride and r2 = 0.996± 0.001 from 100 -1500 ng for Metformin, respectively. The methods were validated for precision, accuracy, ruggedness and recovery. The limits of detection and quantification were 20 and 80 ng per spot for atorvastatin, 5 and 20 ng per spot for glimipride and 50 and 100 ng per spot for metformin, respectively.
Keywords:- High-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC), Atorvastatin (ATO), Glimipride (GLI) and Metformin (MRT).
Research article:- Chaube Poonam H., Gandhi Santosh V. *, Deshpande Padmanabh B., Kulkarni Veena G. Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, A.I.S.S.M.S. College of Pharmacy, Kennedy Road, Pune - 411 001, MH, India.
Abstract:- A new simple, accurate, and precise densitometric method for determination of Paracetamol and Etodolac in spiked human plasma has been developed and validated. A Simple precipitation method was carried out by using methanol and a known amount of supernatant solution was spotted on precoated silica gel 60 F254 plates using a Camag Linomat V autosampler. Detection and quantitation were performed without using an internal standard. The mobile phase selected was Toluene: Ethyl acetate: Methanol (5:4:1, v/v/v) with UV detection at 234 nm. The retention factors for Paracetamol and Etodolac were found to be 0.40 ± 0.05 and 0.64 ± 0.05, respectively. The calibration curve was linear in the concentration range 100 to 600 ng/band for both the drugs in human plasma. The limit of quantitation was found to be 100 ng for both the drugs and no interference was found from endogenous compounds. The % recovery from human plasma using the precipitation method was found to be 93.06 for Paracetamol and 91.97 for Etodolac, respectively. The method provides a direct estimate of the amount of Paracetamol and Etodolac present in human plasma. The method was validated with respect to linearity, accuracy, precision and stability as per the Bioanlytical Method Validation guidelines.
Key Words:- Paracetamol, Etodolac, High Performance Thin Layer chromatography, human plasma.
Case Report:- C Bharath1, M.D, Shdakshari G2, M.D, DCP, Vijayanath.V3.
1.Professor, Department of Pathology, Govt. Medical College, VIMS ,Bellary – 583 104,Karnataka State, India.
2.Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, Govt. Medical College, VIMS ,Bellary – 583 104,Karnataka State, India. 3 Associate Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, S.S.Institute of Medical Sciences & Research centre, Davangere-577005,Karnataka, India.
Abstract:- Background :Granulomatous appendicitis is an extremely rare entity and its etiology is still unknown. It is a diagnosis by exclusion. Method:Appendix specimen was received in our department histopathology laboratory, processing was done by taking sections like horizontal and one transverse section from the tip of the appendix. Then processed in histokinette, sections of 4 – 5 microns were taken by microtome and stained with routine hematoxylin and eosin. Results : Microscopically showed non-caseating granulomas in the wall of the appendix, stain for AFB was negative and was reported as Granulomatous Appendicitis. Conclusion:Isolated Granulomatous inflammation of the appendix is very uncommon and rare entity. This should be carefully evaluated histologically as it may be misinterpreted as Crohn’s disease.
Key words :- Appendix, inflammation, granulomas, granulomatous appendicitis.