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Original research article:- Wong Man-Yi , BSc (Hons); Chiu Gigi N.C. , PhD
Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543.
Abstract:- A reversed phase ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) method was developed and validated to determine plasma levels of vincristine and quercetin simultaneously. Vincristine, quercetin and apigenin (internal standard) were extracted from plasma by liquid-liquid extraction with ethyl acetate. UPLC analysis was carried out at 25 ºC with a Waters AcQuity UPLC BEH C18 2.1 x 50 mm, 1.7 μm column with the gradient elution of water/formic acid (99.9:0.1, v/v) and acetonitrile/formic acid (99.9:0.1, v/v). The flow rate was 0.5 mL/min and the injection volume was 1 μL. Vincristine and quercetin were detected at wavelengths of 297 nm and 376 nm, respectively, with elution time of 1.45 and 1.13 minutes. The calibration curves were linear from 0.156 to 50 μg/mL for vincristine (r2=0.999) and 0.075 to 6.0 μg/mL (r2=1.000) for quercetin. The coefficients of variation (CV) for the intra- and inter-day assays were below 15.5%. The lower limit of quantitation for vincristine and quercetin in plasma were 0.1 μg/mL and 0.02 μg/mL, respectively. Absolute recoveries ranged from 103.2% to 104.8% for vincristine and 96.7% to 120.0% for quercetin. Both drugs were stable for 24 h at 4ºC. This method was successfully applied to determine plasma vincristine, quercetin metabolites and quercetin levels after intravenous administration in mice.
Key words :- Pharmacokinetics, quercetin, UPLC, vincristine.
Original research article:- K. N. Pujari1, S. P. Jadkar1, Aruna Kulkarni2, C. G. Patil1, V. B. Tuljapurkar3
1.Assistant professor, Department of Biochemistry, Govt. Medical College, Miraj, India. 1Ph.D. student, Department of Biochemistry, Govt. Medical College, Miraj, India.
1.Lecturer in Statistics and Demography,Govt. Medical College, Miraj,India.
2.Ex Professor, Grant Medical College, Mumbai, Maharashtra,India.
3.Senior medical oncologist, Department of Medical Oncology, Shri Shiddhivinayak Ganapati Cancer Hospital, Miraj,India.
Abstract:-Catalase and glutathione peroxidase are the antioxidant enzymes produced naturally within the body. These help the body to convert hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen, thus preventing the formation of carbon dioxide bubbles in the blood. The enzyme levels of catalase and glutathione peroxidase are altered to considerable extent in various diseased states exhibiting either elevation or depletion in their activity, this phenomenon was found to be more evident in leukemias. We have determined the catalase and glutathione peroxidase activity in the erythrocytes of leukemic patients and these levels were significantly low as compared to control. In respect to sex, the mean catalase levels in males (5.750 ± 0.310) were found to more than that in females (5.671 ± 0.301) however, this difference is non-significant. Whereas in respect to age, the mean catalase levels in age >11 years are decreased suddenly in AML patients (7.375± 0.050 to 5.730± 0.362). In case of glutathione peroxidase, we cannot found any change with respect to sex. However in age group <10 years and 11-20 years there is a sudden increase in mean glutathione peroxidase levels in AML patients (32.41 ± 0.635 to 33.28 ± 0..754). We found significant trend in catalase and GPx levels with respect to age in ALL only. We observed highly significant (p<0.001) catalase and glutathione peroxidase dismutase levels in acute leukemias with respect to age. Our results suggest that oxidative stress in leukemia patients causes the deficiency in antioxidant enzyme, which arise as a result of enormous production of reactive oxygen species in the system.
Key Words:-Leukemia,Catalase, Glutathione peroxidase, Hydrogen peroxide.
Review article:- Sharma Devanshu, Mittal Rahul, Gupta Annu, Singh Kishan, Nair Anroop*
M.M. COLLEGE OF PHARMACY , M.M. UNIVERSITY , AMBALA- 133207, India.
Abstract:- Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) is a technique that uses liquid chromatography (or HPLC) with the mass spectrometry. (LC-MS/MS) is commonly used in laboratories for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of drug substances, drug products and biological samples. LC-MS/MS has played a significant role in evaluation and interpretation of bioavailability, bioequivalence and pharmacokinetic data. This article reviews the most recent advances in sample preparation, separation, different types of cartridges used and steps involved in bioanalytical method development and validation of drug molecules. Newly introduced techniques such as ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) with small particles (sub 2 µm) provide better efficiency when compared to other chromatographic techniques. Solid phase extraction (SPE) is the commonly used technique for sample preparation to reduce both time and labor in bioanalysis. Further, this paper also discusses about the matrix effect in LC-MS/MS analysis and how to reduce matrix effect in method development.
Keywords:- LC-MS/MS bioanalysis, sample Preparation, Ultra performance liquid chromatography, matrix effect.
Original research article:- Madaan Reecha*1(M. Pharm.), Bansal Gundeep2 (M. Pharm.), Sharma Anupam3 (Ph.D.)
1.Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, NIMS University, Shobha Nagar, Jaipur Rajasthan, India.
2.Deparment of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala-147 002, Punjab, India
3.Pharmacognosy Section, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh-160 014, India .
Abstract:- Actaea spicata Linn. (Ranunculaceae) has been traditionally used for the treatment of various ailments such as rheumatism, inflammation, nervous disorders, lumbago, scrofula and chorea, but no work has ever been carried out for standardizing this potential plant. The present investigation establishes histological characters, micrometric determinations and physicochemical parameters for A. spicata. Microscopically, root of A. spicata showed the presence of lenticels, two layers of cork cells, 5-6 layers of cortex made up of parenchyma cells containing scattered calcium oxalate crystals, pericycle layer, medullary rays, xylem vessels and phloem parenchyma. Yellowish brown cork, parenchyma cells, scattered rosette shaped calcium oxalate crystals, lignified pitted vessels, pericyclic fibres, and starch grains simple as well as compound (2-7 cells) were observed in powdered microscopy of A. spicata roots. Total ash of A. spicata roots was about 3 and 5 times more than acid insoluble and water soluble ash respectively. Water soluble extractive value of the plant was found to be approximately seven times more than petroleum ether soluble extractive value and slightly higher than alcohol soluble extractive value. Thin layer chromatography of petroleum ether extract showed six spots using hexane : chloroform :: 17 : 3 as mobile phase whereas chloroform extract showed nine spots using toluene : ethyl acetate : glacial acetic acid :: 85 : 15 : 01 as mobile phase on spraying 0.5 % anisaldehyde followed by heating for 2 minutes at 105C. Phytochemically, the plant was found to contain alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, tannins, proteins and carbohydrates.
Key words:- Actaea spicata, Alkaloids, Ash values, Extractive values, Flavonoids .
Original research article:-1D. Praveen Kumar*, 1Thangabalan. B, 1Venkata Ramana. M, 1Vadivel. K, 1Manohar Babu. S , 2 D. Srinivasa Rao
1.SIMS College of Pharmacy, Mangaldas nagar, Guntur-522 001, India.
2.K.C.REDDY Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jangamguntla Palem, Medikonduru mandal, Guntur 522 348, India.
Abstract:-L-asparaginase is an anti-neoplastic agent used in the lymphoblastic leukemia chemotherapy. In the present study a novel strain, Serratia marcescens- NCIM 2919 was explored for the production of L-asparaginase using citrus limetta pulp. The L-asparaginase enzyme production conditions like incubation period, incubation temperature, particle size, pH, inoculum level and moisture content were optimized. The optimum time, temperature, pH and moisture content for the production of L- asparaginase enzyme were 48hrs, 28oc, 7.5 and 60% respectively. Higher titres L-asparaginases were observed when medium was supplemented with carbon (Sucrose (1.5%) and nitrogen (L-asparagine (0.6%) sources. Under these optimum conditions, maximum production of L-asparaginase was found to be 83.16 U/g.
Key Words:- L-aAsparaginase, Serratia marcescens, citrus limetta pulp, optimization.