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Research article:- * K Apparao Rayavarapu, DSVGK Kaladhar and Santosh Kumar S Department of Biochemistry / Bioinformatics, GITAM University, Visakhapatnam,India.
Abstract:- Study of antibacterial and antifungal activity of plant extract of Lawsonia inermis (henna) on Aeromonas, Pseudomonas, Vibrio of Gram negative bacteria and candida albicans of fungi has been conducted. Hexane, Chloroform and Methanol has been taken as solvents. Methanolic plant extract has shown good activity against aqua bacteria and fungi, compared with Hexane and Chloroform extracts. Lawsonia inermis has shown good activity against Aeromonas and, Vibrio.
Key words:- Henna, Lawsonia Inermis, Antibacterial, Antifungal, Aqua pathogens.
Original research article:- M. Manikannan1, M.Sc., R. Balamurugan1, M.Sc., R. Varatharajan,2 S. Dinesh1, M.Sc., *Elanchezhiyan Manickan1, Ph.D., M.D.,
1. Research Scholars Division of Virology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Dr. ALM Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, University of Madras, Taramani, Chennai-600113, India.
1*Professor, Department of Microbiology, Dr.ALM Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani, Chennai- 600 113, India.
2.Medical officer, Voluntary Health Sciences, Adyar, Chennai- 600 020, India.
Abstract:- Background: Nitric oxide and cytokines are produced by the immune cells in response to various stimuli and the initial cytokine milieu at which immune cells interact have a positive impact on the outcome of the immune response generated. Over expression or polarization of a particular cytokine(s) is known for to affect the outcome of the disease. Immunotherapy is a novel approach to combat cytokine mediated diseases and several medicinal plants were shown to possess immune modulatory properties. One of the popular Indian medicinal plants known as Pongamia pinnata (P. pinnata) has been extensively studied for its bioactive properties however, immune modulatory property of the plant extract has not been widely studied. Hence the objective of this study is to study the immune stimulation property of P. pinnata on healthy human PBMCs. Methods: Extracts derived from various solvents were tested for their immune stimulation properties. Briefly, Nitric oxide (NO) production was analyzed upon stimulation of RAW 264.7 cells with plant extract and controls and the supernatants was collected and tested for NO. Similarly culture supernatants obtained at different time points from PBMC stimulated with the extract and were screened for Th-1 and Th-2 cytokines by ELISA. Results: Experiment conducted on RAW 264.7 cells indicated that P. pinnata extract stimulated NO activity. Of the solvents used, NO activity was best seen with aqueous extract. Secondly P. pinnata has induced remarkable production of IL-10. Other cytokines were not stimulated by this extract. Conclusion: Results of our study clearly indicated that P. pinnata extract induced higher levels of Nitric oxide. Maximum NO activity was noticed with aqueous extracts followed by the other extract preparations. It is known that NO can induce Th-2 cytokine and results are in support of this notion.
Key Words:- ELISA, Immune modulation, Immunotherapy, Nitric oxide, PBMC, Pongamia pinnata, Th-1, Th-2 cytokine.
Original Research article:- * Zaved Ahmed Khan1, Asit Ranjan Ghosh2 1,2 Medical Biotechnology Division,School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University,Vellore-632014,TN, India.
Abstract:- The involvement of nitrergic mechanisms in the behavioural effects of withaferin A in rats was studied in the forced swim test. Administration of the withaferin A (10 mg/kg, i.p.), assumed to increase the synthesis of NO , if given with subeffective dose of L-NAME (10 mg/kg , i.p) Neither withaferin A alone nor L-NAME affected the immobilized time of animals in the forced swim test. We conclude that a suppression of NO synthase activity may be important in the anti-depressant effect of Withaferin-A.
Key words:- Withaferin-A, L-NAME, Nitric Oxide,Anxiety,Forced Swim Test and Nnos.
Original research article:-1D. Praveen Kumar*, 1Thangabalan. B, 1Venkata Ramana. M, 1Vadivel. K, 1Manohar Babu. S , 2 D. Srinivasa Rao
1.SIMS College of Pharmacy, Mangaldas nagar, Guntur-522 001, India.
2.K.C.REDDY Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jangamguntla Palem, Medikonduru mandal, Guntur 522 348, India.
Abstract:-L-asparaginase is an anti-neoplastic agent used in the lymphoblastic leukemia chemotherapy. In the present study a novel strain, Serratia marcescens- NCIM 2919 was explored for the production of L-asparaginase using citrus limetta pulp. The L-asparaginase enzyme production conditions like incubation period, incubation temperature, particle size, pH, inoculum level and moisture content were optimized. The optimum time, temperature, pH and moisture content for the production of L- asparaginase enzyme were 48hrs, 28oc, 7.5 and 60% respectively. Higher titres L-asparaginases were observed when medium was supplemented with carbon (Sucrose (1.5%) and nitrogen (L-asparagine (0.6%) sources. Under these optimum conditions, maximum production of L-asparaginase was found to be 83.16 U/g.
Key Words:- L-aAsparaginase, Serratia marcescens, citrus limetta pulp, optimization.
Original research article:- Madaan Reecha*1(M. Pharm.), Bansal Gundeep2 (M. Pharm.), Sharma Anupam3 (Ph.D.)
1.Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, NIMS University, Shobha Nagar, Jaipur Rajasthan, India.
2.Deparment of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala-147 002, Punjab, India
3.Pharmacognosy Section, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh-160 014, India .
Abstract:- Actaea spicata Linn. (Ranunculaceae) has been traditionally used for the treatment of various ailments such as rheumatism, inflammation, nervous disorders, lumbago, scrofula and chorea, but no work has ever been carried out for standardizing this potential plant. The present investigation establishes histological characters, micrometric determinations and physicochemical parameters for A. spicata. Microscopically, root of A. spicata showed the presence of lenticels, two layers of cork cells, 5-6 layers of cortex made up of parenchyma cells containing scattered calcium oxalate crystals, pericycle layer, medullary rays, xylem vessels and phloem parenchyma. Yellowish brown cork, parenchyma cells, scattered rosette shaped calcium oxalate crystals, lignified pitted vessels, pericyclic fibres, and starch grains simple as well as compound (2-7 cells) were observed in powdered microscopy of A. spicata roots. Total ash of A. spicata roots was about 3 and 5 times more than acid insoluble and water soluble ash respectively. Water soluble extractive value of the plant was found to be approximately seven times more than petroleum ether soluble extractive value and slightly higher than alcohol soluble extractive value. Thin layer chromatography of petroleum ether extract showed six spots using hexane : chloroform :: 17 : 3 as mobile phase whereas chloroform extract showed nine spots using toluene : ethyl acetate : glacial acetic acid :: 85 : 15 : 01 as mobile phase on spraying 0.5 % anisaldehyde followed by heating for 2 minutes at 105C. Phytochemically, the plant was found to contain alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, tannins, proteins and carbohydrates.
Key words:- Actaea spicata, Alkaloids, Ash values, Extractive values, Flavonoids .