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Original research article:- *Ode, Okwoche J.1, and Nwaehujor, Chinaka O.2
1.Ph.D, Department of Veterinary pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Abuja, PMB 117 Abuja, Nigeria.
2.M.Sc, Department of Biochemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State.
Abstract:- The methanol extract of Cassia singueana leaves was reported to have exhibited potent anti-ulcer effects when it significantly decreased stomach hydrochloric acid production and reduced gastric emptying in test rats. In most cases, ulcer patients require prolonged (4-8 weeks) therapy with anti-ulcer drugs for successful treatment. The long-term effects of C. singueana leaf extract on haematological parameters were investigated in rats. The extract was prepared by cold marceration using 80% methanol, it was then filtered and concentrated. Four groups (A-D) of albino wistar rats were subjected to chronic exposure by feeding the animal groups with normal diet or 0.25 g extract /kg feed, 0.5 g extract/kg feed and 1.0 g extract/kg feed respectively for 12 weeks. Haematological parameters were assessed on days 28, 56 and 84 using standard procedures. The data collected were statistically analyzed using one–way Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and LSD post hoc test. The results revealed that Cassia singueana extract (CSE) had no significant (P=0.05) effect on red blood cell (RBC) count, white blood cell (WBC) count, packed cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin concentration (Hb), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) of control rats relative to the separate rat groups that were given varying doses of CSE in the diet. The results of this study suggest that C. singueana extract does not possess haemotoxic activities that could limit its therapeutic use as an anti-ulcer agent.
Keyword:- Bone marrow; Cassia singueana; chronic toxicity; Erythrocyte; Haematological parameters.
Original research article:- *Ode, Okwoche J.1, Asuzu, Onyeka.V.2 , Oladele Gbenga. M.1
1.Ph.D, Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Abuja, PMB 117 Abuja, Nigeria.
2.DVM, Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka (UNN).
Abstract:- Evaluation of the biochemical changes in rats following chronic toxicity with Cassia singueana leaf extract was carried out. The extract was prepared by cold maceration using 80% methanol. The total solids recovered from extracts were 11.7 percent (w/w). Four groups (A-D) made up of 12 albino wistar rats per group were subjected to chronic exposure to varying concentrations of the extract. Serum biochemical analysis was carried out on the separate rat groups on days 28, 56 and 84. The data generated were analyzed using one-way ANOVA. Mean differences were considered at P=0.05. The results revealed that there were no significant (p<0.05) changes between the serum values of AST, ALT and ALP of normal rats and the test rats that received the long-term exposure to varying doses of the extract in feed. C. singueana extract induced significant (P=0.05) dose-dependent increases in total proteins of rats that had exposure to the extract compared with values in control rats. The doses, 0.5 g and 1.0 g extract/kg feed induced significant (P=0.05) increases in the mean total cholesterol values of test rats compared to control from days 56 to 84. All doses (0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 g/kg feed) of C. singueana extract caused significant (P=0.05) reduction in malondialdehyde (MDA) value of test rats relative control from the onset of the study up to day 56. The serum biochemical changes were generally within normal ranges, the use of the extract for therapeutic medication may not therefore be a health hazard.
Keywords:- Aminotransferase, Cassia singueana, Cholesterol, Biochemical analysis, Malondialdehyde.
Review article:- *Raju S1, Kavimani S 2, Uma Maheshwara rao V3, Sreeramulu Reddy K4
1.Assistant Professor, Vijaya College of Pharmacy, Munaganoor, Ranga Reddy Dist, Andhra Pradesh, India-505511.
2.Mother Theresa Post Graduate Institute of Health Sciences, Gorimedu, Puducherry, India.
3.Nalla Narsimha Reddy College of Pharmacy, Korremula, Ranga Reddy Dist, Andhra Pradesh.
4.Assistant manager –Clinical R&D, Shantha Biotechnics Limited, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh. India- 500004.
Abstract:- Many herbal remedies have so far been employed for the treatment and management of various ailments since the beginning of human civilization. Tecoma stans Juss. (Bignoniaceae) is a plant widely distributed in Mexico and frequently used for the treatment of Diabetes mellitus symptomatology. The aim of this review was to collect all available scientific literature published and combine it into this review. The present review comprises the ethnopharmacological, phytochemical and therapeutic potential of Tecoma stans. The present review includes 43 references compiled from major databases as Chemical Abstracts, Science Direct, SciFinder, PubMed, Dr. Dukes Phytochemical and Ethnobotany. An exhaustive survey of literature revealed that alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, phenols, steroids, anthraquinones and tannins, terpenes, phytosterols and glycosides constitute major classes of phytoconstituents of this plant. Pharmacological reports revealed that it is having antidiabetic, anticancer, antioxidant, antispasmodic, antimicrobial, and antifungal, properties, and extensively used in the treatment of diabetes. Tecoma stans seems to hold great potential for in-depth investigation for various biological activities, Through this review, the authors hope to attract the attention of natural product researchers throughout the world to focus on the unexplored potential of Tecoma stans, and it may be useful in developing new formulations with more therapeutic value.
Key Words:- Ethnobotany, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Antidiabetic, Tecoma.
*Soumendra Sahoo 1, Rashmirekha Sahoo 2, , and Padma Lochan. Nayak 3 .
1.Associate Professor, Ophthalmology, Melaka Manipal Medical College,Malaysia.
2Senior Lecturer, Faculty of Science & Technology, Nilai University College, Nilai, Malaysia. 3.P.L.Nayak,Chairman PL Nayak Research Foundation & Institute of Nanobiotechnology, Neelachal Bhavan, Bidyadharpur, Cuttack- 753004, Odisha, India.
Abstract:- Polysaccharide based biomaterials are an emerging class in several biomedical fields such as tissue regeneration, particularly for cartilage, drug delivery devices and gel entrapment systems for the immobilization of cells. Important properties of the polysaccharides include controllable biological activity, biodegradability, and their ability to form hydrogels. Most of the polysaccharides used derived from natural sources; particularly, tamarind seed polysaccharide (TSP), alginate and chitin, three polysaccharides which have an extensive history of use in medicine, pharmacy and basic sciences, and can be easily extracted from tamarind kernel powder, marine plants (algae kelp) and crab shells, respectively. The recent rediscovery of poly-saccharide based materials is also attributable to new synthetic routes for their chemical modification, with the aim of promoting new biological activities and/or to modify the final properties of the biomaterials for specific purposes. These synthetic strategies also involve the combination of polysaccharides with other polymers.
Key words:- Polysaccharides; TSP, Ocular, Mucoadhesive, Drug Delivery.
Original research article:- *Pradhan Kishanta Kumar1, Mishra Uma Shankar1, Pattnaik Subasini2, Panigrahi Ghanshyam1, Pasa Gourishyam1, Sahu Kanhu Charana1.
1.Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Quality Assurance, Royal college of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Andhapasara Road, Berhampur, Odisha, India.
2.Department of Zoology, Berhampur University, Bhanja Bihar, Berhampur, India.
Abstract:- A simple method for the estimation for the estimation of Valsartan in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms has been developed. Methanol was chosen as the solvent system.The λmax was found to be 249nm and all absorbance values were carried out at 249nm.The responses were linear in the range of 5-100µg/ml.The regression equation of the calibration graph and correlation coefficient were found to be y = 0.028x - 0.001 and 0.999 respectively. The %RSD values for both intraday and interday precision were less than 1%. The recovery of the drug from the sample was ranged between 97.77% and 101.4%. The proposed method was validated for accuracy, precision, robustness, ruggedness,LOD and LOQ.Commercial tablets containing 40mg and 80mg of valsartan were analysed by the proposed method and the results were well within the claimed limits.Furthermore stability studies of Valsartan were carried out under acidic, alkaline, hydrolytic, thermolytic, oxidation, photolytic and UV degradation conitions as per SIAM (Stability Indicating Assay Methods).
Key Words:- Analytical method validation, Beer’s law, Forced degradation, UV- spectrophotometry, Valsartan.