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Review article:- *Dr. Prashanth H.V1, Dr. . Kavyashree A N 2, Dr. Saldanha Dominic R. M 3
1.MBBS., M.D. Associate Professor Department of Microbiology, Sri Siddhartha Medical College, Tumkur. Karnataka, India.
2.MBBS., M.D. Assistant Professor, Department of Anatomy, Sri Siddhartha Medical College, Tumkur. Karnataka, India.
3.MBBS., M.D. Associate Professor Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore. Karnataka, India.
Abstract:-Hospital waste generation has become a prime concern due to multidimensional ramifications as a risk factor to the health of patients, hospital staff and extending beyond the boundaries of the medical establishment to the general population. Hospital waste management has been brought into focus in India recently, particularly with the notification of Bio Medical Waste (BMW) (Management and handling) Rules 1998. The following are the elements of a comprehensive waste management system. Handling, segregation, mutilation, disinfection, storage, transportation and final disposal. Lack of concern, motivation, awareness and cost factor are some problems faced in the proper waste management. Appropriate education, training and the commitment of healthcare staff, management and healthcare managers within effective policy and legislative framework is required for effective hospital waste management.
Key Words:- Biomedical Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, Biomedical waste management.
Review article:- *Goyal Parveen Kumar1(M.Pharm.,PGDPL), Sharma Shekhar2 (M.Pharm, DIPL), Kumar Rishi3 (M.Pharm.)
1.Department of Pharmacology, Hindu College of Pharmacy, Sonepat-131001, Haryana ,India.
2.Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Hindu College of Pharmacy, Sonepat-131001, Haryana ,India.
3.Department of Pharmacognosy, IIMT College of Pharmacy, Greater Noida, India-201306.
Abstract:- The prescription drugs are generally either branded/innovator or generic drugs. The process of drug discovery and development, including FDA approval and clinical trials, is quite expensive and consumes many years to bring any innovator drug in market thereby branded drugs are of fairly high cost which are beyond the reach of general public. To achieve the goal of health care system, promotion and preservation of health at the level of general public, only branded drugs are not sufficient hence generic drugs, that contain same active ingredients, as of innovator drug, comparable in terms of strength, quality and therapeutic effectiveness, sold at low cost, are required. The Hatch Waxman Act support generic companies, procure generic drugs to common people at reasonable price, and also maintained the balance between innovator and generics. This manuscript describes how Hatch-Waxman Act provide the generics at lower cost in the reach of general public as well as rejuvenate the drying pipeline of patented drugs.
Keywords: Hatch Waxman, Generic, Innovator, Exclusivity, ANDA, Paragraph IV Certification.
Original research article:- *Ode, Okwoche J.1, and Nwaehujor, Chinaka O.2
1.Ph.D, Department of Veterinary pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Abuja, PMB 117 Abuja, Nigeria.
2.M.Sc, Department of Biochemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State.
Abstract:- The methanol extract of Cassia singueana leaves was reported to have exhibited potent anti-ulcer effects when it significantly decreased stomach hydrochloric acid production and reduced gastric emptying in test rats. In most cases, ulcer patients require prolonged (4-8 weeks) therapy with anti-ulcer drugs for successful treatment. The long-term effects of C. singueana leaf extract on haematological parameters were investigated in rats. The extract was prepared by cold marceration using 80% methanol, it was then filtered and concentrated. Four groups (A-D) of albino wistar rats were subjected to chronic exposure by feeding the animal groups with normal diet or 0.25 g extract /kg feed, 0.5 g extract/kg feed and 1.0 g extract/kg feed respectively for 12 weeks. Haematological parameters were assessed on days 28, 56 and 84 using standard procedures. The data collected were statistically analyzed using one–way Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and LSD post hoc test. The results revealed that Cassia singueana extract (CSE) had no significant (P=0.05) effect on red blood cell (RBC) count, white blood cell (WBC) count, packed cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin concentration (Hb), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) of control rats relative to the separate rat groups that were given varying doses of CSE in the diet. The results of this study suggest that C. singueana extract does not possess haemotoxic activities that could limit its therapeutic use as an anti-ulcer agent.
Keyword:- Bone marrow; Cassia singueana; chronic toxicity; Erythrocyte; Haematological parameters.
Original research article:- *Kundan Singh Bora1 (M. Pharm.) and Anupam Sharma2 (Ph.D., M.D.)
1.NIMS University Rajasthan, Shobha Nagar, Jaipur-303 121, India.
2.University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh-160 014, India.
Abstract:- Medicago sativa Linn. (family: Leguminosae) has a long tradition of use as Ayurvedic and Homoeopathic medicine in variety of central nervous system (CNS) disorders. Traditionally, M. sativa is used to improve the memory, to cure kidney pain, cough, as a rejuvenator, antidiabetic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and in CNS disorders. Despite a long tradition of use, no systematic phytochemical and pharmacological work has been carried out on this potential plant. The present study has been designed to evaluate the anxiolytic activity of different fractions of bioactive methanol extract of the aerial parts of M. sativa using widely accepted elevated plus-maze model of anxiety in mice. An attempt has been made to isolate the bioactive fraction by resorting to bioactivity directed fractionation and column chromatographic technique. Sub-fraction F4 of bioactive ethyl acetate fraction which was derived from the methanol extract of the plant showed significant anxiolytic activity at a dose of 20 mg/kg, p.o., as compared to the standard drug, diazepam (2 mg/kg p.o.). TLC profile of this sub-fraction comprises of four spots indicating presence of flavonoid components. The study validates the traditional use of M. sativa for the treatment of CNS disorders like anxiety.
Key Words:- Anti-anxiety, Ethyl acetate fraction, Flavonoids, Medicago sativa.
Original research article:- Jagatheesan Alagesan1, Anandbabu Ramadass2 , Digna Patel3 , Vandana J. Rathod 4, Cheraladhan E. Sambandam 5 , Sankar B. Mani6
1.Associate Professor, College of Physiotherapy, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth, Vadodara, India.
2.DPT, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA.
3.Clinical Instructor, College of Physiotherapy, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth, India.
4.Lecturer, College of Physiotherapy, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth, India.
5.Assistant Professor, College of Physiotherapy, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth, India. 6.Professor, College of Physiotherapy, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth, India.
Abstract:- Background & Objectives: The three elements of muscle performance, strength, power and endurance can be enhanced by exercise. To what extent each of these elements is altered by exercise depends on how the training is applied and how the factors such as the intensity, frequency and duration of exercise are manipulated. Aim of this study is to find out the acute effect of Continuous and Intermittent Cycling on maximum strength for leg press in non-athlete females. Method: A randomized crossover study was carried out to check the effect of aerobic exercise on strength training. 10 non-athlete Female student volunteers from physiotherapy college were under went, [1] Control Session (Control): 1RM was calculated without any exercise. [2] Experimental Session-1 (Continuous): Continuous Cycling for 30min. at 65-75% of MHR (Maximum heart rate). [3] Experimental Session-2 (Intermittent): 3 bouts of 10min cycling at 65-75% of MHR. After 10min of rest 1RM was calculated. Each session was 1 week apart to avoid any carryover effect. Result: The Mean ± SD value of 1RM for control group is 137.65±14.32, continuous aerobic training group is 117.69±14.34 and for intermittent aerobic training group is 109.66±13.89.One way ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey HSD were showed that there is significant difference between Control and Continuous & Control and intermittent but there is no significant difference between continuous and intermittent cycling on 1RM. Conclusion: Continuous or Intermittent protocol of Endurance exercise is equally effective to produce interference in maximum strength.
Keywords:- Endurance Training, Maximum Strength, Leg Press.