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Review article:- Piplani S1, * Lalit M2, Arora AK3.
1.Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Amritsar, Punjab,India. 2.Chintpurni Medical College,Bungal, Pathankot, Punjab, India.
3.Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Amritsar, Punjab, India.
Abstract-: Glucagonomas an uncommon clinicopathological entity originate from the alpha-2 cells of the pancreas The syndrome goes by the acronym 4D syndrome, which stands for dermatosis, diarrohea, deep vein thrombosis and depression. Necrolytic migratory erythema (NME) is the most characteristic clinical sign of this pathology. It is associated with hyperglucagonemia, diabetes mellitus, hypoaminoacidemia, cheilosis, normochromic, normocytic anemia, and weight loss. NME features a characteristic skin eruption of red patches with irregular borders, intact and ruptured vesicles, and crust formation.The tumor cells are occasionally organized in nests and strands and appear strongly glucagon-positive on immunohistochemical staining. The correct recognition of NME is very important, because it may allow early detection either of glucagonoma or of extrapancreatic, glucagon-secreting tumors. Glucagonoma is a slow growing tumor and good recovery is possible after surgical resection.
Key words:- Glucagonoma, Hyperglucagonemia, Necrolytic migratory erythema (NME), Diabetes mellitus.
Research article:- Shenoy Revathi P, MSc, PhD 1 , * Bakkannavar Shankar M, MD, DCL 2, Vidya Monnappa, MD, Diplomate NB3, Bhat Akshay V,MSc 4, Mukesh Kumar, MSc,4 Nayak Vinod C, MD 5, Pradeep Kumar G, MD, Dip.Cr.L 6.
1.Assistant Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, India.
2.Assistant Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal,India.
3.Associate Professor, Department of Pathology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, India.
4.Postgraduate, Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, India.
5.Associate Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, India.
6.Professor & Head, Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, India.
Abstract:- Myocardial infarction is the most common cause of sudden death. However the identification of myocardial infarcts at necropsy is difficult. Various methods are being used to detect it. It has been shown that the use of dyes such as nitroblue tetrazolium and 2,3,5 triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) that identify the dehydrogenase deficient infracted myocardium are largely used. But the studies have been conducted largely in animal models using these dyes. Establishing the utility of these enzyme histochemical tests at autopsy on human cadavers is the need of the hour. We studied the fourty hearts of sudden death cases staining them with TTC and thereafter confirming with histology to know the efficacy of TTC staining. Our results showed that this histochemical test is a reliable method of investigation in sudden death cases.
Key words:- Myocardial infarction, 2,3,5 triphenyl tetrazolium chloride, histochemical tests.
Review article:- * RAFINDADI AL, FWACS*, ABAH ER, FWACS*, CHINDA D, FWACS*, TABIN G, M.D. **, SAMAILA E, FWACS, FRCS, MFR.
**DEPT. OF OPHTHALMOLOGY, A.B.U.T.H., P.M.B 06 SHIKA-ZARIA, NIGERIA.
**UNIVERSITY OF UTAH, MORAN EYE CENTER, U.S.A.
Abstract:- Objective: To make a preliminary review of the outcome of corneal graft at ABUTH Shika-Zaria. Methodology: Several patients with corneal blindness from eye clinics at ABUTH and NEC Kaduna were screened for suitability to undergo graft out of which 5 were selected. The grafts were done in February 2009. Results: The patients were 4males and 1female with an age range of 23-68years, mean of 39.8years. Preoperative diagnoses were macular dystrophy, keratoconus, CHED, psuedophakic bullous keratopathy and recurrent corneal erosions with cataract. The preoperative visual acuity (VA) ranged from Perception of light to 6/60. However after initial encouraging outcomes their VA’s dropped sharply as a result of infection and graft rejection. Conclusion: The immediate and short-term outcome of corneal graft at ABUTH, Shika-Zaria was not encouraging due to infection and graft rejection. This review will assist the authors in improving the outcome after the next round of surgeries scheduled for December 2009.
Keywords:-Corneal graft, infection, graft rejection.
Case report and review:-
*Abah ER1, Jimoh AO2, Chinda D1, Oladigbolu KK1, Mahmoud-Ajeigbe AF1.
1.Department of Ophthalmology, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Shika-Zaria. 2.Division of Neurosurgery, Department of surgery, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Shika-Zaria.
Abstract:- Brain tumor is perceived uncommon even among health professionals due to inadequate neurosurgical/neurological experience. Apart from features of raised intracranial pressure and focal neurological deficits, intracranial tumours can also present with visual loss and hormonal dysfunction. This report highlights the ophthalmic and endocrine complications of pituitary adenoma and discuss the challenges of management in our environment. Three patients with clinical evidence suggestive of ophthalmic and endocrine complications of pituitary adenoma had visual field testing, laboratory and radiological evaluation. A review of literature from relevant sources with emphasis on challenges of management is also incorporated. Features of altered hormone secretion and ophthalmic complications are clearly demonstrated to reflect the functional and mechanical effects of pituitary adenoma. Ignorance coupled with spiritual/cultural belief, difficulty in accessing neurosurgical facility, cost of investigation and treatment, poor index of suspicion by clinicians and limited neurosurgical and intensive care facilities all contribute to the morbidity and mortality of patients with ophthalmic and endocrine complications of pituitary adenoma in developing countries.
Keywords:- Ophthalmic, endocrine , tumors , pituitary.
Research article:- Bansal S. C.1,2 , Goswami N.1, Rai D. V.2,3, Sen R.4, Khandelwal N.1
1.Department of Radio-diagnosis and Imaging, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India.
2.Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh,India.
3.Department of Biomedical Engineering, Shobhit University, Meerut, U. P.,India. 4.Department of orthopedics, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India.
Abstract:- Objective:To design a reference phantom for both QCT and DEXA scanners to check their cross calibration and equipment stability as a part of daily quality control program. Materials and Methods: The specially designed phantom simulating lumbar spine consisting of three sections of femoral head (excised from patients who suffered from fracture neck of femur and underwent hip replacement) was scanned for Bone Mineral Density study both with Quantitative computed tomography (Light Speed plus CT Scanner of GE) and Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (Norland XR46) scanner simultaneously for a period of 30 days and the results were analyzed. Results: During this study the mean BMD reading in QCT was 153.287 (mg/cc) with Std. Deviation of 2.2708 and coefficient of variation 1.48% whereas, the mean BMD reading in DEXA was 0.516 (g/cm2) with Std. Deviation of 0.0026 and coefficient of variation 0.50 . Both Std. Deviation and coefficient of variation in QCT and DEXA are within acceptable limits. Conclusion: Consistency in BMD readings of both QCT and DEXA scanners confirmed that this type of single phantom which is simple in design could be easily used to check the cross calibration and equipment stability as a part of daily quality control program. It has proved very simple, easy to perform and cost effective reference phantom for checking precision and accuracy in BMD measurements prior to examining a patient.
Key words:- BMD, calibration, DEXA, QCT, phantom.