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Research article:-
Wangai Nyawira L1, Karau Muriira G2, 3, Gitonga Wachira4.
1.Ph.D. Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT), Department Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; P.O. Box 62000-00200, Nairobi, Kenya.
2.Kenya Bureau of Standards, P. O Box 54974-00200, Nairobi, Kenya
3.Ph.D (Candidate). Kenyatta University, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, P.O Box 43844 Nairobi, Kenya.
4.MSc. School of Medicine, University of Nairobi, P. O Box 19676-00202, Nairobi.
Abstract:-Plasmodium falciparum strains resistant to the commonly used antimalarial drugs are becoming more prevalent in Kenya, thus becoming a great challenge to the efforts to manage malaria, especially in endemic areas where mortality and morbidity rates are high. In the present study, the presence of dhfr-codon Arg 59 and dhps-codon Glu 540, associated with sulfadoxine pyrimethamine (SP) drugs resistance was determined by polymerase chain reactions (PCR) followed by restriction fragments digestion. Blood samples were collected from Mbita and eight epidemic districts in Kenya. It was found that the prevalence of the mutants’ strains was 16.7% in 1998 when SPs were introduced in Kenya. In 2007, about 10 years since the introduction of SPs, the prevalence of mutant strains was significantly high at 78.9% in malaria endemic areas of Mbita and 43.4% in the eight epidemic districts in Kenya. This study suggests that resistance to SPs could be largely due to drug pressure which has been present, and is still present after the withdrawal of the SPs due to their use as second line drugs, and their availability over the counter out lets in the country. To ensure that the circulation of the resistant mutants is controlled, strict adherence to the withdrawal policy should be observed.
Keywords:- Dehydrofolate reductase (dhfr), dehydropteroate synthase (dhps), endemic, epidemic, mutants, sulfadoxine pyrimethamine (SP).
Research article:- Shenoy Revathi P, MSc, PhD 1 , * Bakkannavar Shankar M, MD, DCL 2, Vidya Monnappa, MD, Diplomate NB3, Bhat Akshay V,MSc 4, Mukesh Kumar, MSc,4 Nayak Vinod C, MD 5, Pradeep Kumar G, MD, Dip.Cr.L 6.
1.Assistant Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, India.
2.Assistant Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal,India.
3.Associate Professor, Department of Pathology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, India.
4.Postgraduate, Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, India.
5.Associate Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, India.
6.Professor & Head, Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, India.
Abstract:- Myocardial infarction is the most common cause of sudden death. However the identification of myocardial infarcts at necropsy is difficult. Various methods are being used to detect it. It has been shown that the use of dyes such as nitroblue tetrazolium and 2,3,5 triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) that identify the dehydrogenase deficient infracted myocardium are largely used. But the studies have been conducted largely in animal models using these dyes. Establishing the utility of these enzyme histochemical tests at autopsy on human cadavers is the need of the hour. We studied the fourty hearts of sudden death cases staining them with TTC and thereafter confirming with histology to know the efficacy of TTC staining. Our results showed that this histochemical test is a reliable method of investigation in sudden death cases.
Key words:- Myocardial infarction, 2,3,5 triphenyl tetrazolium chloride, histochemical tests.
Original research article:- *Dr. S. Swaminathan1, Dr. M. S. Seshadri2, Dr. A. S. Kanagasabapathy3
1.Sr. Consultant & Head, Biochemistry Department Apollo Speciality Hospital, Chennai -600 035, India.
2.Prof & Head, Endocrinology, Christian Medical College, Vellore-632004, India.
3.Former Prof of Clinical Biochemistry Christian Medical College, Vellore -632004 ,India.
Abstract:- Recently there has been considerable interest in the use of hair as an index to the status of essential trace metal metabolism in the body particularly zinc. In many respects hair is ideal for such use. The sample can be readily obtained without pain or trauma for the patient, is easily collected and requires no special equipment or storage. The concentration of the metal in the hair is high and large quantities of samples are easily available, making the task of the analyst easier. Further, hair does not readily deteriorate, and can be stored until it is convenient to perform the analysis. In this study we have established a Quality Control (QC) method for the day to day measurement of zinc in human hair making use of a pool of human hair collected from both men and women. The QC thus prepared shows good stability for a period of six months. The intra and inter assay precision (%CV) using such a hair QC were 3.6 and 5.9 respectively and both values are within acceptable limits.
Keywords:-Quality Control, Hair zinc, SD, %CV, Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer
Research article:- *Torvi. Janaki. R. ( M.D), Hiregouder Narendra.S (D.M)*
*Department of Pharmacology,Karnataka Institute of Medical Sciences, Hubli Karnataka, India.
Department of Cardiology,Karnataka Institute of Medical Sciences, Hubli Karnataka, India.
Abstract:- Background: Hypertension is a leading contributor to the global burden of all causes of disease, continue its upward growth trends. Poor control of this highly prevalent disease can lead to the development of ischemic heart disease, heart failure, stroke and chronic renal insufficiency. A prescription by a doctor may be taken as a reflection of physician’s altitude to the disease and the role of the drug in its treatment. It also provides an insight into the nature of health care delivery system. Since Blood pressure control is often inadequate even in patients who receive regular care, it has been emphasized that control of hypertension can be better achieved if the processes of care are improved. Materials and Methods: A prospective cross sectional study of 3 months duration was undertaken in the cardiology and medicine out patient department and 240 prescriptions given to the patients with essential uncomplicated Hypertension were collected. Basic drug indications were selected to analyze the prescribing patterns and also to assess the rational prescribing of the drugs. All antihypertensive drug prescriptions, 240 patients of uncompicated hypertension were collected for our sample of hypertension patients of more than 30 years of age. Analysis of data was undertaken using the prescription rate as calculated as the number of prescriptions containing a specific antihypertensive agent divided by the total number of prescriptions. Results and Discussion: Out of 346 prescriptions, there were 208 prescriptions for the newly diagnosed patients and 138 prescriptions for the refill of the newly diagnosed patients during the study period. Out of 208 prescriptions for the newly diagnosed cases. 154 prescriptions contained monotheraphy and 54 prescriptions contained combined therapy. Out of 138 prescriptions for the refill, 84 prescriptions contained monotherapy (6%) and 54 prescriptions contained the combination therapy of antihypertensive agents (39%). Among the monotherapy prescriptions, Beta blockers were the most commonly prescribed and ACE inhibitors the least prescribed. Effective BP control was not achieved in some patients receiving monotherapy. Hence such prescriptions were changed to combination therapy. Conclusion: Hypertension is an important modifiable risk factor. The effective rational therapy of Hypertension is therefore an important primary health care objective in managing and preventing the future serious cardiovascular and renal diseases. This study confirms the quality of prescriptions both in terms of layout and the content of the drugs prescribed. The use of appropriate dose and avoidance of monotherapy prescription with drugs such as the alpha adrenergic agonists reflect the fact that physicians are aware about the importance of the knowledge about the dose response relationship for both beneficial and adverse effects.
Key Words: Antihypertensive Drugs, Prescription Pattern, Uncomplicated Hypertension.
Research article:-
* Jahir Alam Khan1, Parul Srivastava 2
1.R&D division, MRD LifeSciences (P) Ltd., Lucknow, India.
2.Amity Institute of Biotechnology, AMITY University, Lucknow, India.
Abstract:- Today bioremediation is considered as the most effective and pollution free method for removing crude oil pollution from contaminated sites, as this method makes use of microorganism. The study was designed to evaluate the capability of bacterial strains inhabiting oil contaminated sites to degrade unused engine oil. Four different bacterial species were isolated from oil contaminated sites in Lucknow. One of the isolate (MJP1103) showed maximum oil degradation potential in Minimal salt media supplemented with 1-5 % crude oil, the result showed increase in growth & protein concentration throughout incubation period for culture MJP1103.
Key words:- Crude oil, Coccus, Degradation, Bioremediation.