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Review article:- Piplani S1, * Lalit M2, Arora AK3.
1.Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Amritsar, Punjab,India. 2.Chintpurni Medical College,Bungal, Pathankot, Punjab, India.
3.Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Amritsar, Punjab, India.
Abstract-: Glucagonomas an uncommon clinicopathological entity originate from the alpha-2 cells of the pancreas The syndrome goes by the acronym 4D syndrome, which stands for dermatosis, diarrohea, deep vein thrombosis and depression. Necrolytic migratory erythema (NME) is the most characteristic clinical sign of this pathology. It is associated with hyperglucagonemia, diabetes mellitus, hypoaminoacidemia, cheilosis, normochromic, normocytic anemia, and weight loss. NME features a characteristic skin eruption of red patches with irregular borders, intact and ruptured vesicles, and crust formation.The tumor cells are occasionally organized in nests and strands and appear strongly glucagon-positive on immunohistochemical staining. The correct recognition of NME is very important, because it may allow early detection either of glucagonoma or of extrapancreatic, glucagon-secreting tumors. Glucagonoma is a slow growing tumor and good recovery is possible after surgical resection.
Key words:- Glucagonoma, Hyperglucagonemia, Necrolytic migratory erythema (NME), Diabetes mellitus.
Review article:- * RAFINDADI AL, FWACS*, ABAH ER, FWACS*, CHINDA D, FWACS*, TABIN G, M.D. **, SAMAILA E, FWACS, FRCS, MFR.
**DEPT. OF OPHTHALMOLOGY, A.B.U.T.H., P.M.B 06 SHIKA-ZARIA, NIGERIA.
**UNIVERSITY OF UTAH, MORAN EYE CENTER, U.S.A.
Abstract:- Objective: To make a preliminary review of the outcome of corneal graft at ABUTH Shika-Zaria. Methodology: Several patients with corneal blindness from eye clinics at ABUTH and NEC Kaduna were screened for suitability to undergo graft out of which 5 were selected. The grafts were done in February 2009. Results: The patients were 4males and 1female with an age range of 23-68years, mean of 39.8years. Preoperative diagnoses were macular dystrophy, keratoconus, CHED, psuedophakic bullous keratopathy and recurrent corneal erosions with cataract. The preoperative visual acuity (VA) ranged from Perception of light to 6/60. However after initial encouraging outcomes their VA’s dropped sharply as a result of infection and graft rejection. Conclusion: The immediate and short-term outcome of corneal graft at ABUTH, Shika-Zaria was not encouraging due to infection and graft rejection. This review will assist the authors in improving the outcome after the next round of surgeries scheduled for December 2009.
Keywords:-Corneal graft, infection, graft rejection.
Research article:- * Dr Anila.A.Mathews MD 1 , Dr Marina Thomas MD.2, Dr B.Appalaraju MD2.
1. Assistant professor, Dept of microbiology, PSGIMSR,Coimbatore, India.
2.Professor of Microbiology, Dept of microbiology ,PSGIMSR, Coimbatore, India.
3.Professor and Head , Dept of microbiology, PSGIMSR,Coimbatore, India.
Abstract:- Background and Objectives: Traditionally, methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is considered as a nosocomial pathogen, but an increasing prevalence of community acquired MRSA is being reported worldwide including India. This study is aimed at identifying the prevalence and susceptibility characteristics of community acquired MRSA in our hospital. Materials and methods: The study group consisted of 208 consecutive MRSA identified on the basis of their resistance to cefoxitin disk (30 µg) by the disc diffusion method and mecA gene detection by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Isolates were categorized as community acquired MRSA based on criteria for inclusion and their antibiotic susceptibility was compared with that of the hospital acquired MRSA isolates. Results: Among the 208 MRSA analyzed, 18 % (n=37) were community acquired . The isolates were significantly more sensitive to ciprofloxacin than the hospital acquired MRSA isolates. Discussion: The prevalence of community acquired MRSA in this study (12%) is comparable to its prevalence in other studies across India. Susceptibility to antibiotics other than glycopeptides was an important characteristic of community acquired MRSA. In the absence of other reliable phenotypic test for its identification, susceptibility to ciprofloxacin is suggested as an alternative. Conclusion: An important implication is that the typical first-line betalactams and cephalosporins will not cover the cellulitis or abscess if CA-MRSA is involved. Drug therapy will need to be changed. CA-MRSA appears to be sensitive to minocycline, doxycycline, Cotrimoxazole and clindamycin. Hence community acquired MRSA has a range of antibiotics to choose from, other than the glycopeptides, when compared with that of hospital acquired MRSA. Clinicians need to be aware of it and change according to susceptibility patterns.
Key words:- Community acquired MRSA, MecA gene, Cefoxitin, hospital acquired MRSA.