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Original article:
Veena Prasad1*,Nutan Singh2
1Professor, Department of Pediatrics,Government medical college, Haldwani, Distt-Nainital (Uttarakhand),India.
2Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Government medical college, Haldwani, Distt-Nainital (Uttarakhand), India
ABSTRACT
To study the morbidity and mortality pattern of the newborns admitted in special care unit in a tertiary institution and analyse the measures which can be taken to reduce it. It was a Prospective observational study of all newborns admitted in neonatal intensive care unit which is located in the Kumaun region Uttarakhand. The study was carried out over a period of 3 years fromJanuary 2008 to December 2010. The numbers of 1658 neonateswere admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit(NICU) during this period.
The study comprised of all 1658 infants admitted to our tertiary level NICU from Jan 2008 to Dec 2010. Data of newborns admitted to the NICU were analysed retrospectively. Overall, the most prevalent indications for admission to NICU were Prematurity (20.80%) followed by Neonatal jaundice (19.84%), Respiratory distress syndrome(17%),Birth Asphyxia(16.28%). The overall mortality rate was 310 deaths (18.69%). Most common cause is prematurity with respiratory distress syndrome 117(37.74%). This study identified prematurity, neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, and perinatal asphyxia,neonatal sepsis, as the major causes of the morbidity , Prematurity, RDS ,Septicaemia, Perinatal asphyxiaas the major contributors to the neonatal mortality.Mortality rate in the NICU still unacceptably high, these results highlight the fact thatmany causes of neonatal deaths may be preventable.
Keywords:Newborns,Neonatal Intensive Care Unit,Morbidity, Mortality rate.
Research article:- * Dr Anila.A.Mathews MD 1 , Dr Marina Thomas MD.2, Dr B.Appalaraju MD2.
1. Assistant professor, Dept of microbiology, PSGIMSR,Coimbatore, India.
2.Professor of Microbiology, Dept of microbiology ,PSGIMSR, Coimbatore, India.
3.Professor and Head , Dept of microbiology, PSGIMSR,Coimbatore, India.
Abstract:- Background and Objectives: Traditionally, methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is considered as a nosocomial pathogen, but an increasing prevalence of community acquired MRSA is being reported worldwide including India. This study is aimed at identifying the prevalence and susceptibility characteristics of community acquired MRSA in our hospital. Materials and methods: The study group consisted of 208 consecutive MRSA identified on the basis of their resistance to cefoxitin disk (30 µg) by the disc diffusion method and mecA gene detection by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Isolates were categorized as community acquired MRSA based on criteria for inclusion and their antibiotic susceptibility was compared with that of the hospital acquired MRSA isolates. Results: Among the 208 MRSA analyzed, 18 % (n=37) were community acquired . The isolates were significantly more sensitive to ciprofloxacin than the hospital acquired MRSA isolates. Discussion: The prevalence of community acquired MRSA in this study (12%) is comparable to its prevalence in other studies across India. Susceptibility to antibiotics other than glycopeptides was an important characteristic of community acquired MRSA. In the absence of other reliable phenotypic test for its identification, susceptibility to ciprofloxacin is suggested as an alternative. Conclusion: An important implication is that the typical first-line betalactams and cephalosporins will not cover the cellulitis or abscess if CA-MRSA is involved. Drug therapy will need to be changed. CA-MRSA appears to be sensitive to minocycline, doxycycline, Cotrimoxazole and clindamycin. Hence community acquired MRSA has a range of antibiotics to choose from, other than the glycopeptides, when compared with that of hospital acquired MRSA. Clinicians need to be aware of it and change according to susceptibility patterns.
Key words:- Community acquired MRSA, MecA gene, Cefoxitin, hospital acquired MRSA.
Review article:- * RAFINDADI AL, FWACS*, ABAH ER, FWACS*, CHINDA D, FWACS*, TABIN G, M.D. **, SAMAILA E, FWACS, FRCS, MFR.
**DEPT. OF OPHTHALMOLOGY, A.B.U.T.H., P.M.B 06 SHIKA-ZARIA, NIGERIA.
**UNIVERSITY OF UTAH, MORAN EYE CENTER, U.S.A.
Abstract:- Objective: To make a preliminary review of the outcome of corneal graft at ABUTH Shika-Zaria. Methodology: Several patients with corneal blindness from eye clinics at ABUTH and NEC Kaduna were screened for suitability to undergo graft out of which 5 were selected. The grafts were done in February 2009. Results: The patients were 4males and 1female with an age range of 23-68years, mean of 39.8years. Preoperative diagnoses were macular dystrophy, keratoconus, CHED, psuedophakic bullous keratopathy and recurrent corneal erosions with cataract. The preoperative visual acuity (VA) ranged from Perception of light to 6/60. However after initial encouraging outcomes their VA’s dropped sharply as a result of infection and graft rejection. Conclusion: The immediate and short-term outcome of corneal graft at ABUTH, Shika-Zaria was not encouraging due to infection and graft rejection. This review will assist the authors in improving the outcome after the next round of surgeries scheduled for December 2009.
Keywords:-Corneal graft, infection, graft rejection.
Research article:- Bansal S. C.1,2 , Goswami N.1, Rai D. V.2,3, Sen R.4, Khandelwal N.1
1.Department of Radio-diagnosis and Imaging, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India.
2.Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh,India.
3.Department of Biomedical Engineering, Shobhit University, Meerut, U. P.,India. 4.Department of orthopedics, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India.
Abstract:- Objective:To design a reference phantom for both QCT and DEXA scanners to check their cross calibration and equipment stability as a part of daily quality control program. Materials and Methods: The specially designed phantom simulating lumbar spine consisting of three sections of femoral head (excised from patients who suffered from fracture neck of femur and underwent hip replacement) was scanned for Bone Mineral Density study both with Quantitative computed tomography (Light Speed plus CT Scanner of GE) and Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (Norland XR46) scanner simultaneously for a period of 30 days and the results were analyzed. Results: During this study the mean BMD reading in QCT was 153.287 (mg/cc) with Std. Deviation of 2.2708 and coefficient of variation 1.48% whereas, the mean BMD reading in DEXA was 0.516 (g/cm2) with Std. Deviation of 0.0026 and coefficient of variation 0.50 . Both Std. Deviation and coefficient of variation in QCT and DEXA are within acceptable limits. Conclusion: Consistency in BMD readings of both QCT and DEXA scanners confirmed that this type of single phantom which is simple in design could be easily used to check the cross calibration and equipment stability as a part of daily quality control program. It has proved very simple, easy to perform and cost effective reference phantom for checking precision and accuracy in BMD measurements prior to examining a patient.
Key words:- BMD, calibration, DEXA, QCT, phantom.
Research article:- *Torvi. Janaki. R. ( M.D), Hiregouder Narendra.S (D.M)*
*Department of Pharmacology,Karnataka Institute of Medical Sciences, Hubli Karnataka, India.
Department of Cardiology,Karnataka Institute of Medical Sciences, Hubli Karnataka, India.
Abstract:- Background: Hypertension is a leading contributor to the global burden of all causes of disease, continue its upward growth trends. Poor control of this highly prevalent disease can lead to the development of ischemic heart disease, heart failure, stroke and chronic renal insufficiency. A prescription by a doctor may be taken as a reflection of physician’s altitude to the disease and the role of the drug in its treatment. It also provides an insight into the nature of health care delivery system. Since Blood pressure control is often inadequate even in patients who receive regular care, it has been emphasized that control of hypertension can be better achieved if the processes of care are improved. Materials and Methods: A prospective cross sectional study of 3 months duration was undertaken in the cardiology and medicine out patient department and 240 prescriptions given to the patients with essential uncomplicated Hypertension were collected. Basic drug indications were selected to analyze the prescribing patterns and also to assess the rational prescribing of the drugs. All antihypertensive drug prescriptions, 240 patients of uncompicated hypertension were collected for our sample of hypertension patients of more than 30 years of age. Analysis of data was undertaken using the prescription rate as calculated as the number of prescriptions containing a specific antihypertensive agent divided by the total number of prescriptions. Results and Discussion: Out of 346 prescriptions, there were 208 prescriptions for the newly diagnosed patients and 138 prescriptions for the refill of the newly diagnosed patients during the study period. Out of 208 prescriptions for the newly diagnosed cases. 154 prescriptions contained monotheraphy and 54 prescriptions contained combined therapy. Out of 138 prescriptions for the refill, 84 prescriptions contained monotherapy (6%) and 54 prescriptions contained the combination therapy of antihypertensive agents (39%). Among the monotherapy prescriptions, Beta blockers were the most commonly prescribed and ACE inhibitors the least prescribed. Effective BP control was not achieved in some patients receiving monotherapy. Hence such prescriptions were changed to combination therapy. Conclusion: Hypertension is an important modifiable risk factor. The effective rational therapy of Hypertension is therefore an important primary health care objective in managing and preventing the future serious cardiovascular and renal diseases. This study confirms the quality of prescriptions both in terms of layout and the content of the drugs prescribed. The use of appropriate dose and avoidance of monotherapy prescription with drugs such as the alpha adrenergic agonists reflect the fact that physicians are aware about the importance of the knowledge about the dose response relationship for both beneficial and adverse effects.
Key Words: Antihypertensive Drugs, Prescription Pattern, Uncomplicated Hypertension.