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Original research article:- *Rajesh K Chudasama1, Umed V Patel2, Pramod B Verma3, Priyanka K Patel4, Ravikant R Patel5, Chikitsa D Amin5.
1.M.D. (Community Medicine), Associate Professor, Community Medicine Department, M P Shah Medical College, Jamnagar, India.
2.M.D. (Community Medicine), Associate Professor, Community Medicine Department, P D U Medical College, Rajkot, India.
3.M.D. (Community Medicine), Professor & Head, Community Medicine Department, P D U Medical College, Rajkot, India.
4.Tutor (Microbiology), Microbiology Department, M P Shah Medical College, Jamnagar, India.
5.M.D. (Community Medicine), Assistant Professor, Community Medicine Department, P D U Medical College, Rajkot, India.
Abstract:- Background: The first case of 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus infection in India was reported in May, 2009 and in Saurashtra region in August, 2009. We describe the clinical & epidemiological characteristics of patients who were hospitalized with 2009 influenza A (H1N1) infection in Saurashtra region. Materials and Methods: From September, 2009 to February, 2011, total 511 persons infected with 2009 influenza A (H1N1) virus who were admitted in different hospitals in Rajkot city. Real-time reverse-transcriptase-polymerase-chain-reaction (RT-PCR) testing was used to confirm infection; the clinical & epidemiological features of the disease were closely monitored. Results: Of 511 patients, median age was 28 years, and 50.5% were males. Only 0.2% patients had recent travel history to infected region. Median time of five days was observed from onset of illness to influenza A (H1N1) diagnosis, while median time of six days reported for hospital stay. All admitted patients received oseltamivir drug, but only 14.9% received it within two days of onset of illness. One fourth of admitted patients were expired. The most common symptoms were cough (98.0%), fever (94.9%), sore throat and shortness of breathing, and coexisting conditions including hypertension (10.4%), diabetes mellitus (9.4%), chronic pulmonary diseases (4.3%) and pregnancy (4.3%) (P<0.05). Pneumonia was reported in 91% patients with chest radiography. Conclusion: We have demonstrated that infection-related illness affects both children and adults with survival of 75.1% patients. The median time from onset of illness to virus detection with use of real-time RT-PCR is five days. Pregnancy is found as a significant (P<0.05) risk factor for severe disease.
Key Words:- Epidemiologic information, H1N1 subtype, influenza A virus, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction.
Research article:- *Gaurav M. Doshi 1, Gayatri.V.Aggarwal1, Pradnya Palekar Shanbhag1, Keyur. V. Shastri1 , Ojas Kumar Agrawal1, Abhijeet B. Bhalerao2, Sandhya K. Desai2.
1.VES College of Pharmacy, Hashu Advani Memorial Complex, Collectors Colony, Chembur (East), Mumbai – 400074. India.
2.Principal K. M. Kundnani College of Pharmacy, Plot no. 23, Jote Joy Bldg. Rambhau Salgaonkar Marg, CuffeParade, Colaba, Mumbai 400 005. India. Abstract:- Antioxidant properties Cassia auriculata flowers, leaves and roots by hydroxyl radical scavenging activity and improved N, N-Dimethyl-p phenylenediamine methods were studied. The methanolic extract of the plant parts were evaluated by two improved in-vitro antioxidant models. In the present study out of the plant parts undertaken for the studies especially flowers showed prominent amount of activity in comparison to leaves and roots thereby suggesting that the probable antioxidant activity which could be attributed due to the content of flavonoids noticed in preliminary phytochemical evaluation proving the utility of the flowers in enormous healing mechanisms.
Key words :-Medicinal Herb, Avaram, DPMD, Free Radicals, inflammation.
Research article:-
*Dr.Kora.S.A1, Dr. Pramiladevi.R2
1,2Asso.Professor, Department of Medicine S.Nijalingappa Medical College and H.S.K.Hospital & Research Center, Bagalkot, Karnataka-India.
Abstract:-Introduction: Dialysis and transplantation have prolonged survival and quality of life in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). This is an exploratory/descriptive study, looking into the sociodemographic profile and social factors in these patients associated with acceptance of therapy. Association between attitudes and demographics were examined. Methods: A total of 178 patients who were admitted to department of Medicine in S.Nijalingappa Medical College and HSK Hospital & Research Center with CKD were prospectively evaluated during the years 2005-2011 and based on the degree of renal failure, were categorized into conservative therapy, dialysis alone, or transplantation. A detailed psycho-social assessment and counseling regarding the treatment options was done. Results and Discussion: The highest numbers of patients were from age group of 41 to 60 years. Of the study patients, 75.28% were males, 85.9% were married, 64.6% were self employed, 5.61and 94.39% were respectively from low and middle-income groups, 71.9% lived in nuclear families and 83.1% had an urban background. CKD Stage V patients were advised dialysis alone in 8.4% and dialysis and transplantation in 91.6%. The major psycho-social factors negatively influencing the acceptance of treatment were finance, logistics, no willing donors, no medically fit donors and/or lack of social support. Our study suggests that finance is one of the important factors deciding the acceptance of treatment. Social factors negatively affecting were logistics, lack of willing and medically fit donors and lack of social support.
Key words :- Chronic kidney disease (CKD), Dialysis, Renal replacement therapy, Socio-demographics.
Research article:-
*DR.Bandaru Narasinga Rao., MD., Ph.D1., DR.T.Prabhakar.,M.Sc.,Ph.D2
1.Professor & Head, Department of Microbiology, Rajivgandhi Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Srikakulam -532 001 (AP), India.
2.Professor & Head, Division of Biotechnology, University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam – 530 003 (AP), India. Abstract:- Purpose: Increasing minimum inhibitory concentration of an antimicrobial for a bacterium is the marker of future resistance of the organism to that antibiotic. Vancomycin is the drug of choice for the infections caused by Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and often used empirically for the patients in critical-care settings with infections like severe sepsis, pneumonias and meningitis in India. We report the occurrence of Vancomycin Intermediate Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VISA) in and around Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh. Methods: A total of 7840 clinical specimens were collected from different patients and subjected to MRSA screening using conventional microbiological methods.The detection of VISA was done by Agar dilution method and E-Test. Results: All the isolates of MRSA as well as MSSA were sensitive to Vancomycin by Kirby-Bauer’s disc diffusion method. As per CLSI standards, 6.79% of our isolates were Vancomycin Intermediate Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VISA) by agar dilution method among 162 MRSA. The same were confirmed by E-Test (Epsilometer Test) which was the gold standard for determining the decreased susceptibility of Vancomycin in Staphylococcus aureus.
Keywords:- Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Antimicrobial Sensitivity, Vancomycin,Vancomycin Intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (VISA),Vancomycin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA).
Research article:-
D. Ramya, Siddikuzzaman, Manjamalai A and V.M. Berlin Grace*
*Department of Biotechnology, Karunya University, Coimbatore-641 114, Tamil Nadu, India. Abstract:- Chemoprotection has emerged as a very effective therapeutic measure against carcinogenesis and during cancer.
All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), an active metabolite of retinal, has been shown to exert anti-cancer activities in a number of types of cancer cells and tissues. In the present study, we have investigated the effect of ATRA on the physiologic changes normally observed in cancer patient during or after development of cancer. The parameters analysed are lung/liver tissue damage markers in serum, lipid profile in serum and the histologic changes in lung and liver during benzo(a)pyrene induced lung cancer development in BALB/c mice. Benzo(a)pyrene (50 mg/kg wt) induced lung cancer animals showed abnormal changes in the serum lipids, lipoproteins and marker enzymes such as gamma glutamyl transpeptidase and lactate dehydrogenase. An extensive lung/liver histologic change was also observed. Treatment with ATRA (0.585mg/kg body wt) remarkably reverted all the above alterations, which indicates the anticancer effect that was further confirmed by histopathological analysis. Overall, the above data shows that the anticancer effect of ATRA is more pronounced when used as an chemoprotective agent against B(a)P induced lung carcinogenesis.
Key words :- ATRA; Benzo(a)pyrene; Lipid profile; Tumor marker; Histopathology.