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Research article:- *Dr. Mohammed M. Safhi
Neuroscience and Toxicology Unit, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Abstract:- Floating matrix tablets of propranolol hydrochloride were developed to prolong gastric residence time and leading to an increase in drug bioavailability. Floating tablets were prepared by the wet granulation technique by using polymers such as xanthan gum and guar gum with sodium bicarbonate as a gas-generating agent. Formulation F1 and F2 have drug: xanthan gum ratios 1:0.62 and 1:1.25, F3 and F4 have drug: guar gum ratios 1:6.2 and 1:1.23, F5 and F6 have 1:0.31 and 1:0.62. The floating tablets were evaluated for uniformity of weight, hardness, thickness, friability, drug content, in vitro buoyancy and dissolution studies. In all the formulations buoyancy time ranges from 45 to 134 sec and lag time ranges from 12-24 hrs. The formulation F6 shows the floating buoyancy time 134 sec, floating lag time 24 hours and drug release 94.36%. Non-fickian diffusion was confirmed as the drug release mechanism from these tablets indicated that water diffusion and polymer rearrangement played an essential role in drug release. The formulations give the best results in terms of floating duration, prolonged drug release, and improved in vitro bioavailability. The mechanism of drug release was diffusion controlled and followed zero- order kinetics.
Key words:- Propranolol hydrochloride, xanthan gum, guar gum, in vitro buoyancy and non-fickian diffusion.
Research article:-
*P. Majumder.
M. Pharm, Lecturer, Dept. of Pharmacognosy, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Pharmacy, Trikaripur, Kasaragod Dist. Kerala-10, India.
Abstract:-The technological modernization in the field of pharmaceutical research and medicinal herbal drug evaluation, so many sophisticated research tools are available now a days but among all, microscopic method still is one of the simplest and cheapest methods to initiation with for establishment of the correct identity of the source row materials. Pharmacognostic investigation including morphological, microscopical and anatomical sections of the roots of Peperomia pellucida (L.) HBK. (Fam. Piperaceae) was carried out to determine its macro- and microscopical features along with its quantitative standardardization. Externally, the root usually 4-6 cm long, buff coloured, fibrous and multiple sub branches, rough with short hairs. Internally root shown the presence of epidermis, vessels, cortex, phloem, primary xylem, endodermis, Wood elements, and starch grains. The chemo-microscopy revealed the presences of Fibres, Vessel elements and Xylem fibres. Physicochemical evaluation includes ash values, extractive values, moisture content, foaming index and swelling index were evaluated. Phytochemical studies of the powdered root revealed the presences of alkaloids, tannins, flavonoides, steroids and carbohydrates. The pharmacognostic profile of the root will assist in standardization for quality and purity of the drug. These findings will also be very useful towards establishing the proper identification and classification of the plant, which is gaining relevance in plant drug research.
Key words:- Peperomia pellucida, Pharmacognostic Standardization, Physicochemical Evaluations, Phytochemistry.
Original Research article:-
*Vandana J. Rathod1 Devanshi P. Desai 2 Jagatheesan Alagesan 3.
1. Vandana J. Rathod - Lecturer, College of Physiotherapy, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth, Vadodara, India.
2. Devanshi P. Desai, PG Student, College of Physiotherapy, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth, Vadodara, India.
3. Jagatheesan Alagesan - Associate Professor, College of Physiotherapy, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth, Vadodara, India.
Abstract:- Myopia is a refractive error where the parallel rays of light from infinity come to focus in front of retina, when accommodation is at rest. It is commonly seen in young adults. Generally it is treated by glasses, contact lenses or refractive surgeries. Various studies had been done on effectiveness of exercises in treatment of myopia among which many scientific studies on vision training have produced favorable results. This study is focused on the effects of various exercises on myopia. MATERIALS AND METHOD :30 subjects, age ranging between 18 and 25 years of both sexes having myopia (-1.00 to -3.00 spherical diopters) and not having any other eye disease or injury were included in the study. The subjects were randomly assigned into Group-A (Experimental Group) or Group-B (Control Group) by closed envelope method. Snellen Eye Chart and Near Point of Convergence (NPC) were taken as outcome measure. An ophthalmologist blinded for the study was diagnosing as well testing for outcome measures. The purpose and procedure of the study was explained to the subjects and informed consent was obtained. Information about the exercises was explained to experimental group, control group was not receiving any eye exercises. Eye focusing exercises have been taught to the subjects 10 repetitions 3 sets, thrice daily for 4 weeks. After 4 weeks of intervention subjects were assessed and the values were statistically analyzed with pre treatment values. RESULT: In experimental group the Mean±SD before intervention is 35.20±1.698 and after intervention is 34.00±1.851 for NPC. The p value is being <0.001 indicating significant improvement. The NPC for control group and refractive error for both groups were not showing any changes. CONCLUSION: This study concludes that eye exercises are effective in improving NPC in myopia but not as effective in improving visual acuity.
Key words:- Myopia, Eye Exercises, Visual Acuity, Near Point of Convergence.
Research article:-
*Kishore Reddy A 1, P.Prathyusha2, Krishna Reddy P 1, Naresh Kumar V 1, N.Siva Kali Prasad1
1.Department of Pharmaceutics, Centre of Pharmaceutical Sciences ,Institute of Science and Technology ,JNTUH, Hyderabad ,Andhraprdesh ,India.
2.Department of Pharmaceutics, Sree Dattha Institute of Pharmacy, Hyderabad,India.
Abstract:-The aim of this study was to develop a floating microspheres of Anti microbial drug Cephalexin by using statistical optimization technique. Microspheres were prepared by using spray drying technique. Sodium alginate and PVA were used as polymers. A Taguchi Orthogonal Array design was selected to study the effect of formulation and process parameters in the development of microspheres. The independent variables studied are percentage of drug (X1), D:P ratio (X2), P:P ratio (X3), drying inlet temperature (X4) and pump feed rate (X5). The response variables evaluated are %yield (Y1), %EE (Y2) and microspheres size (Y3). Optimization was performed by using desirability function and based on the results of optimization one optimized formula was obtained. To validate the model, the optimized formula was formulated and subjected to in-vitro characterization. Percentage yield, drug content and entrapment efficiency of optimized formula was found to be 23.21±1.21 %, 93.98 ± 1.12 %, 88.46 ± 1.33 % respectively. Drug release at the end of 8 hours of dissolution studies was found to be 89.08±0.45%. The expected values thus obtained are very close to the predicted values indicating validation of model prediction. Thus it can be concluded that Cephalexin loaded microspheres could be successfully formulated with optimized condition of spray dryer to obtain maximum percentage yield, entrapment efficiency, desired particle size and drug release. Based on the results of stability studies, it may be concluded that the so developed optimized formula was found to be stable for long period of time.
Keywords:- Cephalexin, Floating Microspheres, Poly Vinyl Alcohol, Sodium alginate, In-vitro study, Spray drying.
Research article:- *Madhusudhan NS1, Deepa S2, Shoba DN3 1.Assistant Professor, Department of Microbiology, Indira Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute Puducherry ,India.
2.Assistant Professor , Department of Microbiology, Mysore Medical College, , Karnataka, India.
3.Professor and Head, Department of Microbiology, Karnataka Institute of Medical Sciences, Hubli, Karnataka, India.
Abstract:- Background and objectives: The incidence of methicillin resistance Staphylococcus aureus in hospitals range from 15% to 70% in various parts of India. Phenotypic detection of MRSA has been problematic ever since its discovery in 1962. Test conditions like temperature, disk potency, salt concentration and time of incubation play very important role in the detection of methicillin resistance. With this background simple disk diffusion test which can be used simultaneously with other antibiotics is being evaluated. Methods: 100 oxacillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains were selected. Cefoxitin disc diffusion test was performed by on MHA as per CLSI guidelines. mecA gene was detected for these strains using PCR. Results: Among 100 oxacillin resistant staph aureus strains, 84 were cefoxitin resistant and 73 were mecA positive. Conclusion: By using oxacillin disc diffusion test 27 were showing false positive and by using Cefoxitin, 11 were showing false positive. In summary PPV for cefoxitin disc diffusion (86%) to detect mecA mediated resistance is higher when com-pared to oxacillin disc diffusion test (73%). Routine susceptibility testing method for Staphylococcus aureus could replace oxacillin disks by cefoxitin discs.
Key words :- Cefoxitin, Disk Diffusion Test, MRSA, Staphylococcus aureus.