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Research article:-
* Jahir Alam Khan1, Vivek Chaurasia 2 1. R&D division, MRD LifeSciences (P) Ltd., Lucknow, India. 2. Institute of Biosciences & Biotechnology, CSJM University, Kanpur, India.
Abstract:- In the present study, antibacterial activity of cold aqueous, hot aqueous, methanolic, ethanolic, ethyl acetate, and acetone extracts of leaf, stem, bark, ripe and unripe fruit of Psidium guajava were screened against pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using Agar well diffusion method. All the extracts showed significant antibacterial properties. Cold aqueous extract of ripe fruit was found to be the most effective followed by acetone extract of leaf, hot aqueous extract of stem, ethanolic extract of unripe fruit and acetone extract of bark.
Key words:- Psidium guajava, herbal antibiotics, pathogenic, antibacterial properties.
Case Report:- *Dr Vandana Berry1,Mr Vidya Sagar1,Dr Madan Lal1 and Dr Amarjit Singh Vij2
1.Dept of Microbiology, Christian Medical College & Hospital , Ludhiana, Punjab,India. 2.Dept of Medicine, Punjab Institute of Medical Sciences , Jalandhar, Punjab, India.
Abstract:- Aspergillus is frequently associated with varied systemic infections in immnocompromised hosts. Such infections are quite hard to treat after the involvement of various vital organs. Many cases of generalized Aspergillosis in AIDS patients have been reported. Here we report a case of septicemia by Aspergillus flavus in a diabetic female in whom meningitis with acute renal failure developed leading to the death of the patient.
Key words:- Aspergillus flavus, Septicaemia, Meningitis, Acute Renal Failure, Sabouraud’s Dextrose Agar.
Research article:-
*DR.Bandaru Narasinga Rao., MD., Ph.D1., DR.T.Prabhakar.,M.Sc.,Ph.D2
1.Professor & Head, Department of Microbiology, Rajivgandhi Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Srikakulam -532 001 (AP), India.
2.Professor & Head, Division of Biotechnology, University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam – 530 003 (AP), India. Abstract:- Purpose: Increasing minimum inhibitory concentration of an antimicrobial for a bacterium is the marker of future resistance of the organism to that antibiotic. Vancomycin is the drug of choice for the infections caused by Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and often used empirically for the patients in critical-care settings with infections like severe sepsis, pneumonias and meningitis in India. We report the occurrence of Vancomycin Intermediate Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VISA) in and around Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh. Methods: A total of 7840 clinical specimens were collected from different patients and subjected to MRSA screening using conventional microbiological methods.The detection of VISA was done by Agar dilution method and E-Test. Results: All the isolates of MRSA as well as MSSA were sensitive to Vancomycin by Kirby-Bauer’s disc diffusion method. As per CLSI standards, 6.79% of our isolates were Vancomycin Intermediate Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VISA) by agar dilution method among 162 MRSA. The same were confirmed by E-Test (Epsilometer Test) which was the gold standard for determining the decreased susceptibility of Vancomycin in Staphylococcus aureus.
Keywords:- Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Antimicrobial Sensitivity, Vancomycin,Vancomycin Intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (VISA),Vancomycin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA).
Research article:-
*K. Sowparthani 1, G.Kathiravan 2.
*1 Department of Microbiology, Apollo Arts and Science College, Chennai.
2 Department of Biotechnology, VELS University, Pallavaram, Chennai.
Abstract:- Phyllanthus amarus (Schum & Thonn) is predominantly one of the herbs in waste lands thoroughout the plains of India. The leaves are used in traditional medicine. In the present investigation, the isolation and identification of endophytic fungi of Phyllanthus amarus was carried out. Ethyl acetate extract from the midrib and lamina of Phyllanthus amarus were investigated for their antibacterial activity. In the present investigation, the antibacterial screening of ethylacetate extract endophytic fungi from Phyllanthus amarus was carried out. The crude and column purified culture extract of Gleosporium sp. were active against Gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae) and Gram negative bacteria (Salmonella typhi, E. coli ) pathogenic bacterial strains.
Key words: Keywords:- Phyllantus amarus, Gleosporium sp., endophytic fungi, antibacterial activity.
Original research article:- *Rajesh K Chudasama1, Umed V Patel2, Pramod B Verma3, Priyanka K Patel4, Ravikant R Patel5, Chikitsa D Amin5.
1.M.D. (Community Medicine), Associate Professor, Community Medicine Department, M P Shah Medical College, Jamnagar, India.
2.M.D. (Community Medicine), Associate Professor, Community Medicine Department, P D U Medical College, Rajkot, India.
3.M.D. (Community Medicine), Professor & Head, Community Medicine Department, P D U Medical College, Rajkot, India.
4.Tutor (Microbiology), Microbiology Department, M P Shah Medical College, Jamnagar, India.
5.M.D. (Community Medicine), Assistant Professor, Community Medicine Department, P D U Medical College, Rajkot, India.
Abstract:- Background: The first case of 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus infection in India was reported in May, 2009 and in Saurashtra region in August, 2009. We describe the clinical & epidemiological characteristics of patients who were hospitalized with 2009 influenza A (H1N1) infection in Saurashtra region. Materials and Methods: From September, 2009 to February, 2011, total 511 persons infected with 2009 influenza A (H1N1) virus who were admitted in different hospitals in Rajkot city. Real-time reverse-transcriptase-polymerase-chain-reaction (RT-PCR) testing was used to confirm infection; the clinical & epidemiological features of the disease were closely monitored. Results: Of 511 patients, median age was 28 years, and 50.5% were males. Only 0.2% patients had recent travel history to infected region. Median time of five days was observed from onset of illness to influenza A (H1N1) diagnosis, while median time of six days reported for hospital stay. All admitted patients received oseltamivir drug, but only 14.9% received it within two days of onset of illness. One fourth of admitted patients were expired. The most common symptoms were cough (98.0%), fever (94.9%), sore throat and shortness of breathing, and coexisting conditions including hypertension (10.4%), diabetes mellitus (9.4%), chronic pulmonary diseases (4.3%) and pregnancy (4.3%) (P<0.05). Pneumonia was reported in 91% patients with chest radiography. Conclusion: We have demonstrated that infection-related illness affects both children and adults with survival of 75.1% patients. The median time from onset of illness to virus detection with use of real-time RT-PCR is five days. Pregnancy is found as a significant (P<0.05) risk factor for severe disease.
Key Words:- Epidemiologic information, H1N1 subtype, influenza A virus, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction.