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Research article:- *Surendra Kr. Sharma, N. Goyal.
* M. Pharm, Ph. D, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar-125001, Haryana, India.
M. Pharm, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar-125001, Haryana, India.
Abstract:-In vitro antioxidant activity of methanolic and aqueous root extracts of Pluchea lanceolata was determined by DPPH free radical scavenging assay and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity. The extract revealed marked activity as a radical scavenger in a study indicating that extracts have ability to donate hydrogen. The absorption is stoichiometric in respect to the number of electrons taken up. Concentration of 0.1 mg/ml of methanolic extract (PME) and aqueous root extract (PAE) of Pluchea lanceolata exhibited 66.48% and 60.86% DPPH scavenging activity. The antioxidant activity of these extracts towards hydrogen peroxide was also reported. A 88.43% and 79.44% of inhibition of hydrogen peroxide was observed with PME and PAE respectively, when compared with control, at a concentration of 0.1 mg/ml using ascorbic acid as standard and positive control on analysis with UV-Visible Spectrophotometer. The results conclude that the extracts are a potential source of antioxidants of natural origin and may be a candidate for treating pathologies related to free radical oxidation due to its overall antioxidant effect in scavenging free radicals and active oxygen species.
Keywords:- Antioxidant, DPPH, free radical, Pluchea lanceolata, Asteraceae
Original research article:- *Rajesh K Chudasama1, Umed V Patel2, Pramod B Verma3, Priyanka K Patel4, Ravikant R Patel5, Chikitsa D Amin5.
1.M.D. (Community Medicine), Associate Professor, Community Medicine Department, M P Shah Medical College, Jamnagar, India.
2.M.D. (Community Medicine), Associate Professor, Community Medicine Department, P D U Medical College, Rajkot, India.
3.M.D. (Community Medicine), Professor & Head, Community Medicine Department, P D U Medical College, Rajkot, India.
4.Tutor (Microbiology), Microbiology Department, M P Shah Medical College, Jamnagar, India.
5.M.D. (Community Medicine), Assistant Professor, Community Medicine Department, P D U Medical College, Rajkot, India.
Abstract:- Background: The first case of 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus infection in India was reported in May, 2009 and in Saurashtra region in August, 2009. We describe the clinical & epidemiological characteristics of patients who were hospitalized with 2009 influenza A (H1N1) infection in Saurashtra region. Materials and Methods: From September, 2009 to February, 2011, total 511 persons infected with 2009 influenza A (H1N1) virus who were admitted in different hospitals in Rajkot city. Real-time reverse-transcriptase-polymerase-chain-reaction (RT-PCR) testing was used to confirm infection; the clinical & epidemiological features of the disease were closely monitored. Results: Of 511 patients, median age was 28 years, and 50.5% were males. Only 0.2% patients had recent travel history to infected region. Median time of five days was observed from onset of illness to influenza A (H1N1) diagnosis, while median time of six days reported for hospital stay. All admitted patients received oseltamivir drug, but only 14.9% received it within two days of onset of illness. One fourth of admitted patients were expired. The most common symptoms were cough (98.0%), fever (94.9%), sore throat and shortness of breathing, and coexisting conditions including hypertension (10.4%), diabetes mellitus (9.4%), chronic pulmonary diseases (4.3%) and pregnancy (4.3%) (P<0.05). Pneumonia was reported in 91% patients with chest radiography. Conclusion: We have demonstrated that infection-related illness affects both children and adults with survival of 75.1% patients. The median time from onset of illness to virus detection with use of real-time RT-PCR is five days. Pregnancy is found as a significant (P<0.05) risk factor for severe disease.
Key Words:- Epidemiologic information, H1N1 subtype, influenza A virus, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction.
Research article:-
*Dr.Kora.S.A1, Dr. Pramiladevi.R2
1,2Asso.Professor, Department of Medicine S.Nijalingappa Medical College and H.S.K.Hospital & Research Center, Bagalkot, Karnataka-India.
Abstract:-Introduction: Dialysis and transplantation have prolonged survival and quality of life in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). This is an exploratory/descriptive study, looking into the sociodemographic profile and social factors in these patients associated with acceptance of therapy. Association between attitudes and demographics were examined. Methods: A total of 178 patients who were admitted to department of Medicine in S.Nijalingappa Medical College and HSK Hospital & Research Center with CKD were prospectively evaluated during the years 2005-2011 and based on the degree of renal failure, were categorized into conservative therapy, dialysis alone, or transplantation. A detailed psycho-social assessment and counseling regarding the treatment options was done. Results and Discussion: The highest numbers of patients were from age group of 41 to 60 years. Of the study patients, 75.28% were males, 85.9% were married, 64.6% were self employed, 5.61and 94.39% were respectively from low and middle-income groups, 71.9% lived in nuclear families and 83.1% had an urban background. CKD Stage V patients were advised dialysis alone in 8.4% and dialysis and transplantation in 91.6%. The major psycho-social factors negatively influencing the acceptance of treatment were finance, logistics, no willing donors, no medically fit donors and/or lack of social support. Our study suggests that finance is one of the important factors deciding the acceptance of treatment. Social factors negatively affecting were logistics, lack of willing and medically fit donors and lack of social support.
Key words :- Chronic kidney disease (CKD), Dialysis, Renal replacement therapy, Socio-demographics.
Research article:-
*DR.Bandaru Narasinga Rao., MD., Ph.D1., DR.T.Prabhakar.,M.Sc.,Ph.D2
1.Professor & Head, Department of Microbiology, Rajivgandhi Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Srikakulam -532 001 (AP), India.
2.Professor & Head, Division of Biotechnology, University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam – 530 003 (AP), India. Abstract:- Purpose: Increasing minimum inhibitory concentration of an antimicrobial for a bacterium is the marker of future resistance of the organism to that antibiotic. Vancomycin is the drug of choice for the infections caused by Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and often used empirically for the patients in critical-care settings with infections like severe sepsis, pneumonias and meningitis in India. We report the occurrence of Vancomycin Intermediate Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VISA) in and around Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh. Methods: A total of 7840 clinical specimens were collected from different patients and subjected to MRSA screening using conventional microbiological methods.The detection of VISA was done by Agar dilution method and E-Test. Results: All the isolates of MRSA as well as MSSA were sensitive to Vancomycin by Kirby-Bauer’s disc diffusion method. As per CLSI standards, 6.79% of our isolates were Vancomycin Intermediate Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VISA) by agar dilution method among 162 MRSA. The same were confirmed by E-Test (Epsilometer Test) which was the gold standard for determining the decreased susceptibility of Vancomycin in Staphylococcus aureus.
Keywords:- Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Antimicrobial Sensitivity, Vancomycin,Vancomycin Intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (VISA),Vancomycin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA).
Case Report:- *Dr Vandana Berry1,Mr Vidya Sagar1,Dr Madan Lal1 and Dr Amarjit Singh Vij2
1.Dept of Microbiology, Christian Medical College & Hospital , Ludhiana, Punjab,India. 2.Dept of Medicine, Punjab Institute of Medical Sciences , Jalandhar, Punjab, India.
Abstract:- Aspergillus is frequently associated with varied systemic infections in immnocompromised hosts. Such infections are quite hard to treat after the involvement of various vital organs. Many cases of generalized Aspergillosis in AIDS patients have been reported. Here we report a case of septicemia by Aspergillus flavus in a diabetic female in whom meningitis with acute renal failure developed leading to the death of the patient.
Key words:- Aspergillus flavus, Septicaemia, Meningitis, Acute Renal Failure, Sabouraud’s Dextrose Agar.