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Research article:-
*K. Sowparthani 1, G.Kathiravan 2.
*1 Department of Microbiology, Apollo Arts and Science College, Chennai.
2 Department of Biotechnology, VELS University, Pallavaram, Chennai.
Abstract:- Phyllanthus amarus (Schum & Thonn) is predominantly one of the herbs in waste lands thoroughout the plains of India. The leaves are used in traditional medicine. In the present investigation, the isolation and identification of endophytic fungi of Phyllanthus amarus was carried out. Ethyl acetate extract from the midrib and lamina of Phyllanthus amarus were investigated for their antibacterial activity. In the present investigation, the antibacterial screening of ethylacetate extract endophytic fungi from Phyllanthus amarus was carried out. The crude and column purified culture extract of Gleosporium sp. were active against Gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae) and Gram negative bacteria (Salmonella typhi, E. coli ) pathogenic bacterial strains.
Key words: Keywords:- Phyllantus amarus, Gleosporium sp., endophytic fungi, antibacterial activity.
Research article:-
* OC Adekunle, OM Olatunji
*Department of Medical Microbiology & Parasitology Ladoke Akintola University of Technology Osogbo, Nigeria. P.O. Box 14066, U.I. Ibadan, Oyo State.
Abstract:-The study was carried out in Osogbo among hospitalized patients in order to determine the incidence of staphylococcus aureus and the antibiotic sensitivity patterns of organism. Specimen were isolated from the nasal cavities of hospitalized patients between ages 0 to 75years. One hundred and five samples were analyzed. Antibiotic susceptibility tests were performed. All the nasal swab samples were positive for staphylococcus species. The age group 16-31 years had highest carriage rates (35.2%). Forty six (46) were staphylococcus aureus while 59 were other staphycoccus species. All staphylococcus species were sensitive to pefloxacin. The isolation of staphycoccus species in all patients showed high endemicity of the organism in hospital environment. Also, pefloxacin can be used as drug of choice in the environment.
Key words :- Staphylococcus aureus, nasal cavity, hospitalized patients, antibiotic.
Research article:-
P.V.Kamala Kumari*, G.Girija Sankar, T.Prabhakar
Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Division, A.U. College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, India.
Abstract:- Aim: Optimization of different process parameters for L-asparaginase production by Streptomyces griseoluteus WS3/1 and its validation using response surface methodology was carried out during the present study. Methods and results: Four medium factors were screened by conventional methods and subsequent optimization process using Central composite design (CCD) was performed to find out the optimium values of the selected parameters. Dextrose, L-asparagine, pH and inoculum level were found to be the best medium factors for the optimization of L-asparaginase production and central composite design experiments indicated the optimal values of dextrose, L-asparagine, pH, inoculum level were 0.45 % w/v, 1.162 % w/v, 7.4 and 10.36 % v/v respectively. Conclusions: The combination of conventional method with central composite design (CCD) was effective and reliable in selecting the statistically significant factors and determining the optimal levels of those factors in fermentation medium. This work demonstrates the usefulness of CCD for determining the optimum conditions for maximizing L-asparaginase production. Significance and impact of the study: The combined optimization method described here is the effective for screening medium factors as well as determining their optimum levels for the production of L-asparaginase by Streptomyces griseoluteus WS3/1.
Key words :-S.griseoluteus WS3/1, L-asparaginase, CCD.
Research article:-
D. Ramya, Siddikuzzaman, Manjamalai A and V.M. Berlin Grace*
*Department of Biotechnology, Karunya University, Coimbatore-641 114, Tamil Nadu, India. Abstract:- Chemoprotection has emerged as a very effective therapeutic measure against carcinogenesis and during cancer.
All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), an active metabolite of retinal, has been shown to exert anti-cancer activities in a number of types of cancer cells and tissues. In the present study, we have investigated the effect of ATRA on the physiologic changes normally observed in cancer patient during or after development of cancer. The parameters analysed are lung/liver tissue damage markers in serum, lipid profile in serum and the histologic changes in lung and liver during benzo(a)pyrene induced lung cancer development in BALB/c mice. Benzo(a)pyrene (50 mg/kg wt) induced lung cancer animals showed abnormal changes in the serum lipids, lipoproteins and marker enzymes such as gamma glutamyl transpeptidase and lactate dehydrogenase. An extensive lung/liver histologic change was also observed. Treatment with ATRA (0.585mg/kg body wt) remarkably reverted all the above alterations, which indicates the anticancer effect that was further confirmed by histopathological analysis. Overall, the above data shows that the anticancer effect of ATRA is more pronounced when used as an chemoprotective agent against B(a)P induced lung carcinogenesis.
Key words :- ATRA; Benzo(a)pyrene; Lipid profile; Tumor marker; Histopathology.
Research article:-
*DR.Bandaru Narasinga Rao., MD., Ph.D1., DR.T.Prabhakar.,M.Sc.,Ph.D2
1.Professor & Head, Department of Microbiology, Rajivgandhi Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Srikakulam -532 001 (AP), India.
2.Professor & Head, Division of Biotechnology, University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam – 530 003 (AP), India. Abstract:- Purpose: Increasing minimum inhibitory concentration of an antimicrobial for a bacterium is the marker of future resistance of the organism to that antibiotic. Vancomycin is the drug of choice for the infections caused by Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and often used empirically for the patients in critical-care settings with infections like severe sepsis, pneumonias and meningitis in India. We report the occurrence of Vancomycin Intermediate Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VISA) in and around Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh. Methods: A total of 7840 clinical specimens were collected from different patients and subjected to MRSA screening using conventional microbiological methods.The detection of VISA was done by Agar dilution method and E-Test. Results: All the isolates of MRSA as well as MSSA were sensitive to Vancomycin by Kirby-Bauer’s disc diffusion method. As per CLSI standards, 6.79% of our isolates were Vancomycin Intermediate Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VISA) by agar dilution method among 162 MRSA. The same were confirmed by E-Test (Epsilometer Test) which was the gold standard for determining the decreased susceptibility of Vancomycin in Staphylococcus aureus.
Keywords:- Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Antimicrobial Sensitivity, Vancomycin,Vancomycin Intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (VISA),Vancomycin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA).