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Research article:- 1*Gohel Salim D., 2Patel KS, 3Harisha C.R. 4Shukla VJ,
1.*Ph.D. Scholar, Department of Kaumarabhritya, IPGT & RA, Gujarat Ayurved University, Jamnagar, Gujarat, India – 361 008.
2.Associate Professor and Head, Department of Kaumarabhritya, IPGT & RA, Gujarat Ayurved University, Jamnagar, Gujarat, India – 361 008.
3.Head, Pharmacognosy Laboratory, IPGT & RA, Gujarat Ayurved University, Jamnagar, Gujarat, India – 361 008.
4.Head, Pharmaceutical Chemistry laboratory, IPGT&RA, Gujarat Ayurved University, Jamnagar, Gujarat, India – 361 008.
Abstract:-Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major public health problem in India. Every year approximately 18 lakh people develop TB and about 4 lakh die from it. About one million children develop tuberculosis (TB) annually worldwide, accounting for about 11% of all TB cases. Lots of single and compound drugs have been described in Ayurvedic classics for the management of Rajayakshma (Tuberculosis). Ikshvadi Avaleha is one among them and is very safe to be used in children. The objective of this work is to standardize Ikshvadi Avaleha by means of pharmacognostical and pharmaceutical analysis. Pharmacognostical study that consists of both macroscopic and microscopic features of raw drug exposed to the quality and genuineness of all the constituents of Ikshvadi Avaleha, Specific gravity of prepared Avaleha was 1.245 and pH was 8.2. TLC and HPTLC were carried out after organizing appropriate solvent system in which maximum 4 spots were distinguished in TLC and 3 spots in HPTLC and most of the Rf values were identical when done with different sample extractive methods. It is inferred that the formulation meets the minimum qualitative standards as reported in the API at a preliminary level. The inference from this study may be used as reference standard in the further quality control researches.
Key Words:- Rajayakshma (Tuberculosis) Ikshvadi Avaleha, Pharmacognosy, Physico-chemical Analysis.
Research article:- * Gupta R1, Singla R.K2.
1.Senior Lecturer, Department of Anatomy, Dasmesh Institute of Research and Dental Sciences, Faridkot, 151203 Punjab, India.
2.Additional Professor, Department of Anatomy, Government Medical College, Amritsar-143001, Punjab, India.
Abstract :- Introduction: Anatomical stenosis of lumbar canal has been attributed as a cause of spinal stenosis syndrome. It may be developmental or acquired i.e. from ageing, injury, disease or spinal operations. Diagnosis of developmental spinal stenosis is based on the measurements of the bony spinal canal. A stenosis, which may produce compression of caudal nerve roots in the absence of other compressive agents, occurs with midsagittal diameter of 10mm or less. A reduced interpedicular distance has also been blamed to cause primary narrowing of spinal canal. Material and methods: The material for present study comprised of 30 human adult male thoracolumbar vertebral columns. Shape of vertebral foramen was observed. Four parameters viz. Cephalic, and caudal anteroposterior diameters (A.P.), transverse diameter of vertebral foramen, transverse diameter of vertebral body along its waist were measured and canal to body ratio was calculated. Results: The shape of neural canal was found to be oval in thoracic and triangular in lumbar region. Cephalic & caudal A.P. diameters increased from T1to T12 and then decreased upto L3-L4 being maximum at T12 and L1 which may be attributed to lumbar enlargement of spinal cord lying at this level. However, the transverse diameter showed an initial decline till T3 and then remained constant till T7. Thereafter, it increased gradually till L5. It was seen that while A.P. diameters increased upto L1,L2 levels only, the transverse diameter increased upto L5 which is explained by the fact that caudal to L1,L2, there lies cauda equina whose nerves may be going laterally to their respective intervertebral foramina for exit thus increasing transverse diameter of neural canal. Transverse diameter of vertebral body along the waist showed an initial decline till T4 and then increased constantly till L5.Canal to body ratio was found to be constant (0.6+0.06) at all the levels.
Keywords:- Anteroposterior diameters, Neural canal, Spinal stenosis, Transverse diameters, Vertebral body.
Research article:- *Abeysinghe Pushpa D. 1 and Weeraddana Chaminda De S.2.
1Ph.D, 2 M. Sc. Department of Botany, University of Ruhuna, Matara, Sri Lanka.
Abstract:-The secondary metabolites of the young leaves of Avicennia marina were obtained by sequential Soxhlet extracts with petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, ethanol and water as solvents. Antibacterial activity against antibiotic resistance and pathogenic bacterial species of Staphylococcus and Proteus was screened by agar diffusion technique and paper disk method. The extracts exhibited different degree of growth inhibition against tested bacterial strains. Ethyl acetate extract exhibited the highest antibacterial activity while water extract did not show any growth inhibition. The extracts of A. marina when purified with activated charcoal showed more inhibition than the untreated extracts. Components of young leaf extracts were separated by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). The results of TLC analysis of petroleum ether, chloroform, and ethyl acetate and ethanol Soxhlet extracts of A. marina may be a mixture of 4, 8, 4 and 4 respectively. The results of the two dimensional TLC analysis for the chloroform extract isolated from the Soxhlet plant extracts of A. marina may be a mixture of twenty components. Chloroform, ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts were fractionated using column chromatography and obtained fourteen, seven and seven fractions respectively. Phytochemical screening revealed that young leaf of A. marina contained alkaloids, steroids. Phytochemical screening of Soxhlet extracts of chloroform contained alkaloids and steroids/triterpenoids. Ethyl acetate and ethanol extract contained steroids/ triterpenoids and alkaloids respectively. Chemical tests revealed that fractions obtained from column chromatography of chloroform, ethyl acetate, ethanol extracts contained carbonyl groups and chloroform extract contained phenolic groups.
Key Words:- Antibacterial activity, A. marina, extracts, growth inhibition metabolites, TLC
Review article:- * Nahida Tabassum1, Andleeb Bashir2, Amreen Naqash3, Saima Rasool 4, Mubashir H Masoodi 5
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar-190006.India.
Abstract:-Immunodeficiency disorders involve malfunction of the immune system, resulting in infections that develop and recur more frequently, are more severe, and last longer than usual. AIDS is an immunodeficiency disease caused by HIV (human immunodeficiency virus). People with HIV have what is called HIV infection. Most of these people will develop AIDS as a result of their HIV infection and symptoms they develop are known as AIDS defining condition. The latest statistics of the global HIV and AIDS epidemic, published by UNAIDS in 2008 reported that 31.1-35.8 million people were living with HIV/AIDS. Although newer advances have been introduced in the treatment of HIV, still research is going on. Several recent major developments in human immunodeficiency virus treatment, prevention, outcome, and social policy changes have taken place. Updated international guidelines endorse more aggressive treatment strategies, safer antiretroviral drugs and gene therapies in treatment of HIV syndrome. New antiretroviral options are being tested. Vaccines and microbicide gels are under trials, and additional trials in prevention, especially pre-exposure prophylaxis, are nearing completion. Insight into the role of the virus in the pathogenesis of diseases, traditionally thought to be unrelated to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, has become a driving force for earlier and universal therapy.
Key words :- AIDS; Antiretroviral therapy, HIV vaccine, Human immunodeficiency virus, Multitalented protein sheds.
Research article:- * P. M. Somade1, Atul R. Chopade2&3, Mahesh Kumbhar2 , F. J. Sayyad3
1.Department of Physiology, KIMU, Karad, District : Satara, 415110. Maharashtra, India. 2.Department of Pharmacology, Rajarambapu College of Pharmacy, Kasegaon, Taluka:- Walwa, District:- Sangli. 415404. Maharashtra, India.
3.Govt. College of Pharmacy, Karad, 415110, Maharashtra, India.
Abstract:-The study was performed using multidimensional health assessment questionnaire to quantify the prevalence of pain among the rural patients and to describe the potential determinants of pain in rural population. The study describes the prevalence of pain among rural area and analyzes its determinants, as chronic pain is a major problem in the rural community and a detailed understanding of the epidemiology of chronic pain is essential for efficient management of chronic pain in primary care.
Keywords:-Rural, chronic pain.