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Research article:- Harika K, Sunitha K, Pavan Kumar P, Arjun N and Madhusudan Rao Y*
Department of Pharmaceutics, National facilities in Engineering and Technology with Industrial Collaboration (NAFETIC) centre, University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kakatiya University, Warangal – 506 009, A.P. India.
Abstract:-The intention of present study was to practice and evaluate fast disintegrating tablets containing antihypertensive drug i.e., Perindopril ter-butyl amine in a convenient dosage form for ease of administration and to accomplish better patient compliance. This study emphasizes on the various processes (wet granulation, compression granulation, direct compression and freeze drying techniques) adopted for the fabrication of fast disintegrating tablets, effect of superdisintegrants such as sodium starch glycolate, crospovidone and croscarmellose sodium at three levels and other additives like microcrystalline cellulose, sodium stearyl fumarate in different proportions on in–vitro and in-vivo disintegration time, wetting time and water absorption ratio. The tablets were tested for taste, weight and thickness variation, hardness, uniformity of dosage units, in-vitro and in-vivo disintegration time, and in-vitro drug release. The in‐vitro release of Perindopril was performed under sink conditions (0.1N HCl, 37±0.5 ºC, rpm 50) using USP TYPE -II dissolution apparatus. Results from taste evaluation in human volunteers revealed that the FDTs with taste-improved formulations containing aspartame had significantly enhanced palatability, improved mouth feel and reduced grittiness. The best in-vitro and in-vivo disintegration time (DT) was achieved with the formulation containing crospovidone and freeze dried formulation was found to be 20sec & 10sec and 28sec & 11sec, respectively. The results revealed that the tablets prepared by freeze drying method had a good dissolution profile with more than 90% of drug release within 30sec. Next to freeze drying method, formulation (P8) with 4% crospovidone showed complete drug release at the end of 3min. DSC and FT-IR studies did not show any evidence of interaction between the drug and the excipients although when formulated in various formulation methods. The stability studies showed that optimized formulation was considered to be highly stable.
Key words : Fast disintegrating tablets; freeze drying; Perindopril ter-butyl amine; superdisintegrants.
Research article:-
1 Adewuyi, G. O.,* 2 Olatoye, O. I., 1Abafe, A.O., 1 Otokpa, M. O. and 1 Nkukut, N. K.
1.Department of Chemistry, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
2.Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
Abstract:- The extensive use of some antibiotics for broilers in Nigeria has been a major practice in recent times. The purpose is to enhance the health and productivity of flocks. The use of antimicrobials is strictly restricted by the Food and Drug Administration and USDA to warrant their safety and efficacy. These drugs are retained as residues in tissues and livers of ready for table poultry meats, long after their application. Some residues have been implicated as potential carcinogenes in human. In our study, a method for determination of residual chloramphenicol and oxytetracycline in livers and tissues of broilers using High Performance Liquid Chromatographic Technique has been established and validated. Chloramphenicol and tetracycline were extracted from livers and tissues by standard procedures and clean-up by liquid-liquid extraction after which extracts were analysed by HPLC. From the result, the recovery values for samples analysed ranged between 76.4 to 85% for all samples analysed. Chloramphenicol residue level in breast tissue and liver ranged from 89.33±3.00 to 223.05±2.76 μg/Kg and 118.05±2.05 to 415.00±7.64 μg/Kg. Oxytetracycline residue level in breast tissue and liver ranged from 670.00±3.00 to 1816 ± 49.33 and 1551.16±10.6 to 2697.53±1.89 μg/Kg. The coefficients of variation obtained were less than 10% which is an indication of high precision. The limit of detection for oxytetracycline and chloramphenicol was 13.0 and 7.0 μg/Kg while the limit of quantification was 42.0 and 24.0 μg/Kg respectively. The residual concentrations of the antibiotics were higher than the maximum residue limits established for them by the European Union (EU) which is 100μg/Kg for oxytetracycline and zero for chloramphenicol.
Keywords:- Antibiotics, Carcinogenic, Euthanise, Recovery, Extraction.
Research article:- * Jahir Alam Khan1, Naveen Kumar2
1.R&D division, MRD LifeSciences (P) Ltd., Lucknow,U.P, India.
2.Sai Nath Group of Education, Agra,U.P,India.
Abstract:-In the present study ethanolic and methanolic extracts of leaves of Piper betel were screened for antibacterial properties against pathogenic bacteria namely Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Both the extracts were effective against the used pathogens but methanolic extracts were found to be more effective in comparison to ethanolic extracts. Methanolic extracts showed maximum zone of inhibition of 25mm against Staphylococcus aureus followed by a zone of 17.5mm against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 15mm against Escherichia coli. Ethanolic extracts showed a maximum zone of 17mm against Escherichia coli followed by a zone of 16mm against Staphylococcus aureus and 14mm against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. MIC was found to be ranging between 0.0021mg/ml to 8.196 mg/ml in both the extract.
Key words:- Piper betel, antibacterial properties, ethanolic extracts, methanolic extracts, agar well diffusion.
Review article:- Arun Mittal*1 (M.Pharm.), Satish Sardana1 (M.Pharm., Ph.D.), Anima Pandey2 (M.Pharm., Ph.D.) .
1.Department of Pharmacognosy, Hindu College of Pharmacy, Sonepat-131001, Haryana , India.
2.Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Birla Instiute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi-835215, Jharkhand ,India.
Abstract:- Jasminum sambac Ait. commonly known as ‘Motia’ is an evergreen plant, belongs to family Oleaceae and has been extensively used in traditional medicine. It possesses immense medicinal applications such as to cure insanity, weakness of sight, affections of mouth, skin diseases, leprosy, ulcers and in suppression of puerperal lactation. It also possesses antidiabetic, antitumour, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiacne, woundhealing properties and has A.N.S stimulating effect. The plant contains sambacin, jasminin, sambacoside A, sambacolignoside, quercitin, isoquercitin, rutin, kaempferol, luteolin, phenyl methanol, linalool, alpha-terpineol, friedelin, lupeol, betulin, alpha amyrin, ursolic acid, and Seco-irridoid glucoside- sambacoside A-G along with oleoside 11-methylester. Present review summarizes phytochemistry, pharmacology, traditional claims, substantiated medicinal properties and biological activities of J. sambac and its usage in different ailments.
Keywords:- Jasminum sambac, Ethnobotany, Phytochemistry, Pharmacological activities.
Research article:- * Dr. S. Swaminathan1, Dr. M. S. Seshadri2, Dr. A. S. Kanagasabapathy3 .
1.Sr. Consultant & Head, Biochemistry Department Apollo Speciality Hospital, Chennai -600 035,India.
2.Prof & Head, Endocrinology, Christian Medical College, Vellore-632004, India.
3.Former Prof of Clinical Biochemistry,Christian Medical College, Vellore -632004,India.
Abstract :- It is well known that zinc deficiency is prevalent in the soil in India. The Vellore District of Tamil Nadu state where this study was carried out is an industrial belt area with many tanneries around it. Tannery effluents may have some effect on the zinc content of drinking water in this area. While studying the relationship between zinc deficiency and human diseases it was thought necessary to estimate the zinc levels in drinking water and untreated tannery effluents and well water at a radius of 0.5 km of this area to correlate the data to the above said relationship, in the light of the WHO and other International guidelines. 50 samples of drinking water collected from taps in Tannery free areas, 30 samples of untreated Tannery effluents and an equal number of well waters near Tannery polluted areas (0.5km from each Tannery) were analysed for zinc content. While the mean zinc content of drinking water was 0.134 mg/L (against WHO guideline value of 3 mg/L), the mean zinc content of untreated Tannery effluent was 0.293 mg/L and that of well water was 0.047 mg/L. Zinc content in all the three sources showed a highly significant correlation (p<0.01) between any two sources.
Keywords:- Tannery Effluent, Zinc, Drinking water, Well water.