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Research article:-
1 Adewuyi, G. O.,* 2 Olatoye, O. I., 1Abafe, A.O., 1 Otokpa, M. O. and 1 Nkukut, N. K.
1.Department of Chemistry, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
2.Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
Abstract:- The extensive use of some antibiotics for broilers in Nigeria has been a major practice in recent times. The purpose is to enhance the health and productivity of flocks. The use of antimicrobials is strictly restricted by the Food and Drug Administration and USDA to warrant their safety and efficacy. These drugs are retained as residues in tissues and livers of ready for table poultry meats, long after their application. Some residues have been implicated as potential carcinogenes in human. In our study, a method for determination of residual chloramphenicol and oxytetracycline in livers and tissues of broilers using High Performance Liquid Chromatographic Technique has been established and validated. Chloramphenicol and tetracycline were extracted from livers and tissues by standard procedures and clean-up by liquid-liquid extraction after which extracts were analysed by HPLC. From the result, the recovery values for samples analysed ranged between 76.4 to 85% for all samples analysed. Chloramphenicol residue level in breast tissue and liver ranged from 89.33±3.00 to 223.05±2.76 μg/Kg and 118.05±2.05 to 415.00±7.64 μg/Kg. Oxytetracycline residue level in breast tissue and liver ranged from 670.00±3.00 to 1816 ± 49.33 and 1551.16±10.6 to 2697.53±1.89 μg/Kg. The coefficients of variation obtained were less than 10% which is an indication of high precision. The limit of detection for oxytetracycline and chloramphenicol was 13.0 and 7.0 μg/Kg while the limit of quantification was 42.0 and 24.0 μg/Kg respectively. The residual concentrations of the antibiotics were higher than the maximum residue limits established for them by the European Union (EU) which is 100μg/Kg for oxytetracycline and zero for chloramphenicol.
Keywords:- Antibiotics, Carcinogenic, Euthanise, Recovery, Extraction.
Research article:- * Jahir Alam Khan1, Naveen Kumar2
1.R&D division, MRD LifeSciences (P) Ltd., Lucknow,U.P, India.
2.Sai Nath Group of Education, Agra,U.P,India.
Abstract:-In the present study ethanolic and methanolic extracts of leaves of Piper betel were screened for antibacterial properties against pathogenic bacteria namely Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Both the extracts were effective against the used pathogens but methanolic extracts were found to be more effective in comparison to ethanolic extracts. Methanolic extracts showed maximum zone of inhibition of 25mm against Staphylococcus aureus followed by a zone of 17.5mm against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 15mm against Escherichia coli. Ethanolic extracts showed a maximum zone of 17mm against Escherichia coli followed by a zone of 16mm against Staphylococcus aureus and 14mm against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. MIC was found to be ranging between 0.0021mg/ml to 8.196 mg/ml in both the extract.
Key words:- Piper betel, antibacterial properties, ethanolic extracts, methanolic extracts, agar well diffusion.
Research article:- Jahir Alam Khan1 , * Krishna Pratap Yadav2
1.R &D Division, MRD LifeSciences (P) Ltd., Lucknow (U.P), India.
2.Department of Biotechnology, R.M.L. Awadh University, Faizabad (U.P). India.
Abstract:-Cold and hot water, methanol, ethanol, ethyl acetate, acetone, and hexane extracts of leaves, stem and roots of Ricinus communis in a final concentration of 500mg/ml were evaluated for their antifungal properties against pathogenic microorganisms such as Trycophyton rubrum, Candida albicans, Microsporum Spp. using agar well diffusion method. In case of leaf cold aqueous, methanolic and acetone extracts were effective. Only cold aqueous extract of stem was effective. Cold aqueous extract of root was most effective followed by acetone, ethyl acetate and hexane extracts. MIC was also calculated for the most effective extracts and it was found to be 31.25mg/ml.
Key words :- Antifungal properties, Ricinus communis, Pathogens, Solvent extraction, Agar well diffusion
Research article:- *Ashish Jain1, Satish Nayak2, Vandana Soni3 *
1 M.Pharm, Assistant Professor, Bansal College of Pharmacy, Kokta, Anand Nagar, Bhopal-462021, India.
2.Ph.D., Director, Bansal College of Pharmacy, Kokta, Anand Nagar, Bhopal-462021, India.
3.Ph.D., Professor, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr H.S.Gour Vishwavidyalaya, Sagar 470003, M.P. India.
Abstract:- The pupose of the present work was to assess iontophoretic transdermal delivery of Captopril across pigskin for its transdermal development. In vitro iontophoretic transdermal delivery of Captopril across the pigskin was investigated at three different drug concentrations and tree different current densities (0.25- 075 mA/cm2 ) in the donor cell of the diffusion apparatus, using cathodal iontophoresis along with the passive controls. For passive permeation, the steady state flux significantly increased with the donor drug concentration. At all concentration levels, iontophoresis considerably increased the permeation rate compared to passive controls. Iontophoretic transport of Captopril was to be found with current densities. Flux enhancement was highest at the lowest drug load and lowest at the highest drug load. We concluded permeation rate of drugs across the pigskin can be considerably enhanced by the use of Iontophoresis.
Keywords: Captopril; Iontophoresis; Pigskin; Transdermal drug delivery.
Review article:- Arun Mittal*1 (M.Pharm.), Satish Sardana1 (M.Pharm., Ph.D.), Anima Pandey2 (M.Pharm., Ph.D.) .
1.Department of Pharmacognosy, Hindu College of Pharmacy, Sonepat-131001, Haryana , India.
2.Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Birla Instiute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi-835215, Jharkhand ,India.
Abstract:- Jasminum sambac Ait. commonly known as ‘Motia’ is an evergreen plant, belongs to family Oleaceae and has been extensively used in traditional medicine. It possesses immense medicinal applications such as to cure insanity, weakness of sight, affections of mouth, skin diseases, leprosy, ulcers and in suppression of puerperal lactation. It also possesses antidiabetic, antitumour, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiacne, woundhealing properties and has A.N.S stimulating effect. The plant contains sambacin, jasminin, sambacoside A, sambacolignoside, quercitin, isoquercitin, rutin, kaempferol, luteolin, phenyl methanol, linalool, alpha-terpineol, friedelin, lupeol, betulin, alpha amyrin, ursolic acid, and Seco-irridoid glucoside- sambacoside A-G along with oleoside 11-methylester. Present review summarizes phytochemistry, pharmacology, traditional claims, substantiated medicinal properties and biological activities of J. sambac and its usage in different ailments.
Keywords:- Jasminum sambac, Ethnobotany, Phytochemistry, Pharmacological activities.