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Research article:- * Rahul Nair 1, Sevukarajan.M 1, Ravi Kumar.
1.Department Of Pharmaceutics, Sree Vidyanikethan College of Pharmacy,A.Rangampet, Tirupathi, Andhrapradesh, India.
Abstract :- The main objective of this study was to investigate polymorphic behavior of rizatriptan benzoate (RTB) The polymorphs were prepared by solvent evaporation method, by using various solvents like Polyvinyl pyrrolidine ,Tween 80 , Methanol and Polyethylene glycol .We have prepared four different polymorphs of RTB (Form I, Form II, Form III and Form IV). RTB polymorphs were characterized by infra-red absorption spectrum, differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy and dissolution studies. It was observed that there was a significant change in the melting point between Form I and Form II when compared with RTB. Rizatriptan benzoate polymorphs prepared with TW 80 showed better dissolution. The mechanism of drug release was analyzed using zero order, first order, Peppas and, Hixson-Crowell models.
Key words:- Rizatriptan Benzoate, Polymorphs, Dissolution profiles
Research article:- * Dr.Binesh Lal.Y1, Dr.Kalyani.M2.
1.Assistant Professor, Department Of Microbiology, Saveetha Medical College,Thandalam, Kancheepuram District Tamilnadu, India.
2.Professor, Department Of Microbiology, Saveetha Medical College,Thandalam, Kancheepuram District, Tamilnadu, India.
Abstract: -Back ground and objective: With the increase in the number of immunocompromised individuals, there has been a consequent rise in the number of opportunistic infections, especially those due to Candida species. A rise in the incidence of antifungal resistance has also been reported. Aim: To isolate and identify the Candida species causing infections in patients from a tertiary care centre and also to study their antifungal susceptibility profile. Materials and methods: One hundred and twenty seven candidial isolates from urine (73), vaginal swabs (24), exudates (21) and blood (09) were taken for the study. The four species of Candida isolated in this study were Candida tropicalis 54.3%, C.albicans (37.8%) C. paropsilosis (5.5%) and C.glabrata (2.4%). Antifungal susceptibility tests against Amphotericin B, Ketaconazole, Itraconazole, and Fluconazole were done recommended by the Clinical and laboratory standards (CLSI). The zone of inhibition of fungal growth was measured and compared with standard strains as per manufacturer’s instructions. Results: Out of 127 isolates, the commonest source of isolation of candida species in the decreasing order of frequency, namely urine 57.5%, vaginal swab (18.9%), exudates 16.5% and blood 7.1%. Candida tropicalis 54.3% was the predominant isolate followed by C.albicans 37.8%. C.parapsilosis 5.5% and the least common isolate C.glabrata 2.7%. Maximum numbers of the candidial isolates 57.5% were from urine samples and urinary catheterization was noted as risk factor among urinary samples. CHROMagar candida medium is found to be useful in identification of Candida species. All the candidial isolates were susceptible to Amphotericin-B. C.albicans 6.3% and C.tropicalis 37.7% showed higher degree of resistance to Fluconazole. C.parapsilosis 57.1% to Ketaconazole and C.glabrata to Ketaconazole 66.6% and Fluconazole 66.6%.
Keywords:- Candida species, 10% Potssium hydroxide (KOH), Sabouraud’s Dextrose Agar, CHROMAgar.
Research article:- * P. M. Somade1, Atul R. Chopade2&3, Mahesh Kumbhar2 , F. J. Sayyad3
1.Department of Physiology, KIMU, Karad, District : Satara, 415110. Maharashtra, India. 2.Department of Pharmacology, Rajarambapu College of Pharmacy, Kasegaon, Taluka:- Walwa, District:- Sangli. 415404. Maharashtra, India.
3.Govt. College of Pharmacy, Karad, 415110, Maharashtra, India.
Abstract:-The study was performed using multidimensional health assessment questionnaire to quantify the prevalence of pain among the rural patients and to describe the potential determinants of pain in rural population. The study describes the prevalence of pain among rural area and analyzes its determinants, as chronic pain is a major problem in the rural community and a detailed understanding of the epidemiology of chronic pain is essential for efficient management of chronic pain in primary care.
Keywords:-Rural, chronic pain.
Research article:- * Gupta R1, Singla R.K2.
1.Senior Lecturer, Department of Anatomy, Dasmesh Institute of Research and Dental Sciences, Faridkot, 151203 Punjab, India.
2.Additional Professor, Department of Anatomy, Government Medical College, Amritsar-143001, Punjab, India.
Abstract :- Introduction: Anatomical stenosis of lumbar canal has been attributed as a cause of spinal stenosis syndrome. It may be developmental or acquired i.e. from ageing, injury, disease or spinal operations. Diagnosis of developmental spinal stenosis is based on the measurements of the bony spinal canal. A stenosis, which may produce compression of caudal nerve roots in the absence of other compressive agents, occurs with midsagittal diameter of 10mm or less. A reduced interpedicular distance has also been blamed to cause primary narrowing of spinal canal. Material and methods: The material for present study comprised of 30 human adult male thoracolumbar vertebral columns. Shape of vertebral foramen was observed. Four parameters viz. Cephalic, and caudal anteroposterior diameters (A.P.), transverse diameter of vertebral foramen, transverse diameter of vertebral body along its waist were measured and canal to body ratio was calculated. Results: The shape of neural canal was found to be oval in thoracic and triangular in lumbar region. Cephalic & caudal A.P. diameters increased from T1to T12 and then decreased upto L3-L4 being maximum at T12 and L1 which may be attributed to lumbar enlargement of spinal cord lying at this level. However, the transverse diameter showed an initial decline till T3 and then remained constant till T7. Thereafter, it increased gradually till L5. It was seen that while A.P. diameters increased upto L1,L2 levels only, the transverse diameter increased upto L5 which is explained by the fact that caudal to L1,L2, there lies cauda equina whose nerves may be going laterally to their respective intervertebral foramina for exit thus increasing transverse diameter of neural canal. Transverse diameter of vertebral body along the waist showed an initial decline till T4 and then increased constantly till L5.Canal to body ratio was found to be constant (0.6+0.06) at all the levels.
Keywords:- Anteroposterior diameters, Neural canal, Spinal stenosis, Transverse diameters, Vertebral body.
Research article:- *Anil Kumar1, Devika Tripathi1, Jyotsna Dora1, Rishikant tripathi.
Pharmacy College, Itaura, Chandeshwar, Azamgarh, U.P., India.
Abstract:- Eugenia Jambolana, an important medicinal plant, commonly known as Jamun and belongs to the family Myrtaceae. The plant is found throughout in India. The present investigation, the various Pharmacognostical standard have been generated, so that authentic plant material could to explore for its therapeutic claims. The detailed Pharmacognostical studies of Eugenia Jambolana leaf is carried out which could be useful in future experimental studies. The study includes microscopic parts of Eugenia Jambolana leaf.
Keywords:- Eugenia Jambolana, Pharmacognostical studies.