DocumentsDate added
Research article:- Harika K, Sunitha K, Pavan Kumar P, Arjun N and Madhusudan Rao Y*
Department of Pharmaceutics, National facilities in Engineering and Technology with Industrial Collaboration (NAFETIC) centre, University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kakatiya University, Warangal – 506 009, A.P. India.
Abstract:-The intention of present study was to practice and evaluate fast disintegrating tablets containing antihypertensive drug i.e., Perindopril ter-butyl amine in a convenient dosage form for ease of administration and to accomplish better patient compliance. This study emphasizes on the various processes (wet granulation, compression granulation, direct compression and freeze drying techniques) adopted for the fabrication of fast disintegrating tablets, effect of superdisintegrants such as sodium starch glycolate, crospovidone and croscarmellose sodium at three levels and other additives like microcrystalline cellulose, sodium stearyl fumarate in different proportions on in–vitro and in-vivo disintegration time, wetting time and water absorption ratio. The tablets were tested for taste, weight and thickness variation, hardness, uniformity of dosage units, in-vitro and in-vivo disintegration time, and in-vitro drug release. The in‐vitro release of Perindopril was performed under sink conditions (0.1N HCl, 37±0.5 ºC, rpm 50) using USP TYPE -II dissolution apparatus. Results from taste evaluation in human volunteers revealed that the FDTs with taste-improved formulations containing aspartame had significantly enhanced palatability, improved mouth feel and reduced grittiness. The best in-vitro and in-vivo disintegration time (DT) was achieved with the formulation containing crospovidone and freeze dried formulation was found to be 20sec & 10sec and 28sec & 11sec, respectively. The results revealed that the tablets prepared by freeze drying method had a good dissolution profile with more than 90% of drug release within 30sec. Next to freeze drying method, formulation (P8) with 4% crospovidone showed complete drug release at the end of 3min. DSC and FT-IR studies did not show any evidence of interaction between the drug and the excipients although when formulated in various formulation methods. The stability studies showed that optimized formulation was considered to be highly stable.
Key words : Fast disintegrating tablets; freeze drying; Perindopril ter-butyl amine; superdisintegrants.
Review article:- * Nahida Tabassum1, Andleeb Bashir2, Amreen Naqash3, Saima Rasool 4, Mubashir H Masoodi 5
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar-190006.India.
Abstract:-Immunodeficiency disorders involve malfunction of the immune system, resulting in infections that develop and recur more frequently, are more severe, and last longer than usual. AIDS is an immunodeficiency disease caused by HIV (human immunodeficiency virus). People with HIV have what is called HIV infection. Most of these people will develop AIDS as a result of their HIV infection and symptoms they develop are known as AIDS defining condition. The latest statistics of the global HIV and AIDS epidemic, published by UNAIDS in 2008 reported that 31.1-35.8 million people were living with HIV/AIDS. Although newer advances have been introduced in the treatment of HIV, still research is going on. Several recent major developments in human immunodeficiency virus treatment, prevention, outcome, and social policy changes have taken place. Updated international guidelines endorse more aggressive treatment strategies, safer antiretroviral drugs and gene therapies in treatment of HIV syndrome. New antiretroviral options are being tested. Vaccines and microbicide gels are under trials, and additional trials in prevention, especially pre-exposure prophylaxis, are nearing completion. Insight into the role of the virus in the pathogenesis of diseases, traditionally thought to be unrelated to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, has become a driving force for earlier and universal therapy.
Key words :- AIDS; Antiretroviral therapy, HIV vaccine, Human immunodeficiency virus, Multitalented protein sheds.
Research article:-
1 Adewuyi, G. O.,* 2 Olatoye, O. I., 1Abafe, A.O., 1 Otokpa, M. O. and 1 Nkukut, N. K.
1.Department of Chemistry, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
2.Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
Abstract:- The extensive use of some antibiotics for broilers in Nigeria has been a major practice in recent times. The purpose is to enhance the health and productivity of flocks. The use of antimicrobials is strictly restricted by the Food and Drug Administration and USDA to warrant their safety and efficacy. These drugs are retained as residues in tissues and livers of ready for table poultry meats, long after their application. Some residues have been implicated as potential carcinogenes in human. In our study, a method for determination of residual chloramphenicol and oxytetracycline in livers and tissues of broilers using High Performance Liquid Chromatographic Technique has been established and validated. Chloramphenicol and tetracycline were extracted from livers and tissues by standard procedures and clean-up by liquid-liquid extraction after which extracts were analysed by HPLC. From the result, the recovery values for samples analysed ranged between 76.4 to 85% for all samples analysed. Chloramphenicol residue level in breast tissue and liver ranged from 89.33±3.00 to 223.05±2.76 μg/Kg and 118.05±2.05 to 415.00±7.64 μg/Kg. Oxytetracycline residue level in breast tissue and liver ranged from 670.00±3.00 to 1816 ± 49.33 and 1551.16±10.6 to 2697.53±1.89 μg/Kg. The coefficients of variation obtained were less than 10% which is an indication of high precision. The limit of detection for oxytetracycline and chloramphenicol was 13.0 and 7.0 μg/Kg while the limit of quantification was 42.0 and 24.0 μg/Kg respectively. The residual concentrations of the antibiotics were higher than the maximum residue limits established for them by the European Union (EU) which is 100μg/Kg for oxytetracycline and zero for chloramphenicol.
Keywords:- Antibiotics, Carcinogenic, Euthanise, Recovery, Extraction.
Research article:- * Dr. S. Swaminathan1, Dr. M. S. Seshadri2, Dr. A. S. Kanagasabapathy3 .
1.Sr. Consultant & Head, Biochemistry Department Apollo Speciality Hospital, Chennai -600 035,India.
2.Prof & Head, Endocrinology, Christian Medical College, Vellore-632004, India.
3.Former Prof of Clinical Biochemistry,Christian Medical College, Vellore -632004,India.
Abstract :- It is well known that zinc deficiency is prevalent in the soil in India. The Vellore District of Tamil Nadu state where this study was carried out is an industrial belt area with many tanneries around it. Tannery effluents may have some effect on the zinc content of drinking water in this area. While studying the relationship between zinc deficiency and human diseases it was thought necessary to estimate the zinc levels in drinking water and untreated tannery effluents and well water at a radius of 0.5 km of this area to correlate the data to the above said relationship, in the light of the WHO and other International guidelines. 50 samples of drinking water collected from taps in Tannery free areas, 30 samples of untreated Tannery effluents and an equal number of well waters near Tannery polluted areas (0.5km from each Tannery) were analysed for zinc content. While the mean zinc content of drinking water was 0.134 mg/L (against WHO guideline value of 3 mg/L), the mean zinc content of untreated Tannery effluent was 0.293 mg/L and that of well water was 0.047 mg/L. Zinc content in all the three sources showed a highly significant correlation (p<0.01) between any two sources.
Keywords:- Tannery Effluent, Zinc, Drinking water, Well water.
Research article:- *Ashish Jain1, Satish Nayak2, Vandana Soni3 *
1 M.Pharm, Assistant Professor, Bansal College of Pharmacy, Kokta, Anand Nagar, Bhopal-462021, India.
2.Ph.D., Director, Bansal College of Pharmacy, Kokta, Anand Nagar, Bhopal-462021, India.
3.Ph.D., Professor, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr H.S.Gour Vishwavidyalaya, Sagar 470003, M.P. India.
Abstract:- The pupose of the present work was to assess iontophoretic transdermal delivery of Captopril across pigskin for its transdermal development. In vitro iontophoretic transdermal delivery of Captopril across the pigskin was investigated at three different drug concentrations and tree different current densities (0.25- 075 mA/cm2 ) in the donor cell of the diffusion apparatus, using cathodal iontophoresis along with the passive controls. For passive permeation, the steady state flux significantly increased with the donor drug concentration. At all concentration levels, iontophoresis considerably increased the permeation rate compared to passive controls. Iontophoretic transport of Captopril was to be found with current densities. Flux enhancement was highest at the lowest drug load and lowest at the highest drug load. We concluded permeation rate of drugs across the pigskin can be considerably enhanced by the use of Iontophoresis.
Keywords: Captopril; Iontophoresis; Pigskin; Transdermal drug delivery.