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Research article:- * Gupta R1, Singla R.K2.
1.Senior Lecturer, Department of Anatomy, Dasmesh Institute of Research and Dental Sciences, Faridkot, 151203 Punjab, India.
2.Additional Professor, Department of Anatomy, Government Medical College, Amritsar-143001, Punjab, India.
Abstract :- Introduction: Anatomical stenosis of lumbar canal has been attributed as a cause of spinal stenosis syndrome. It may be developmental or acquired i.e. from ageing, injury, disease or spinal operations. Diagnosis of developmental spinal stenosis is based on the measurements of the bony spinal canal. A stenosis, which may produce compression of caudal nerve roots in the absence of other compressive agents, occurs with midsagittal diameter of 10mm or less. A reduced interpedicular distance has also been blamed to cause primary narrowing of spinal canal. Material and methods: The material for present study comprised of 30 human adult male thoracolumbar vertebral columns. Shape of vertebral foramen was observed. Four parameters viz. Cephalic, and caudal anteroposterior diameters (A.P.), transverse diameter of vertebral foramen, transverse diameter of vertebral body along its waist were measured and canal to body ratio was calculated. Results: The shape of neural canal was found to be oval in thoracic and triangular in lumbar region. Cephalic & caudal A.P. diameters increased from T1to T12 and then decreased upto L3-L4 being maximum at T12 and L1 which may be attributed to lumbar enlargement of spinal cord lying at this level. However, the transverse diameter showed an initial decline till T3 and then remained constant till T7. Thereafter, it increased gradually till L5. It was seen that while A.P. diameters increased upto L1,L2 levels only, the transverse diameter increased upto L5 which is explained by the fact that caudal to L1,L2, there lies cauda equina whose nerves may be going laterally to their respective intervertebral foramina for exit thus increasing transverse diameter of neural canal. Transverse diameter of vertebral body along the waist showed an initial decline till T4 and then increased constantly till L5.Canal to body ratio was found to be constant (0.6+0.06) at all the levels.
Keywords:- Anteroposterior diameters, Neural canal, Spinal stenosis, Transverse diameters, Vertebral body.
Research article:- 1*Gohel Salim D., 2Patel KS, 3Harisha C.R. 4Shukla VJ,
1.*Ph.D. Scholar, Department of Kaumarabhritya, IPGT & RA, Gujarat Ayurved University, Jamnagar, Gujarat, India – 361 008.
2.Associate Professor and Head, Department of Kaumarabhritya, IPGT & RA, Gujarat Ayurved University, Jamnagar, Gujarat, India – 361 008.
3.Head, Pharmacognosy Laboratory, IPGT & RA, Gujarat Ayurved University, Jamnagar, Gujarat, India – 361 008.
4.Head, Pharmaceutical Chemistry laboratory, IPGT&RA, Gujarat Ayurved University, Jamnagar, Gujarat, India – 361 008.
Abstract:-Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major public health problem in India. Every year approximately 18 lakh people develop TB and about 4 lakh die from it. About one million children develop tuberculosis (TB) annually worldwide, accounting for about 11% of all TB cases. Lots of single and compound drugs have been described in Ayurvedic classics for the management of Rajayakshma (Tuberculosis). Ikshvadi Avaleha is one among them and is very safe to be used in children. The objective of this work is to standardize Ikshvadi Avaleha by means of pharmacognostical and pharmaceutical analysis. Pharmacognostical study that consists of both macroscopic and microscopic features of raw drug exposed to the quality and genuineness of all the constituents of Ikshvadi Avaleha, Specific gravity of prepared Avaleha was 1.245 and pH was 8.2. TLC and HPTLC were carried out after organizing appropriate solvent system in which maximum 4 spots were distinguished in TLC and 3 spots in HPTLC and most of the Rf values were identical when done with different sample extractive methods. It is inferred that the formulation meets the minimum qualitative standards as reported in the API at a preliminary level. The inference from this study may be used as reference standard in the further quality control researches.
Key Words:- Rajayakshma (Tuberculosis) Ikshvadi Avaleha, Pharmacognosy, Physico-chemical Analysis.