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Research article:- S.P.S. Bisht*, B.V.V. Ravi Kumar, B. Praveen and S. R. Mishra
Department of Biotechnology, Roland Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Berhampur-760010, Orissa, India.
Abstract:- Cypermethrin is a widely used pesticide based on pyrethroids. It is amongst the most effective pyrethroid preparations. The major target site of cypermethrin is the sodium channel of the nerve membrane. The present investigation was aimed to study the hepatotoxic effect of Cypermethrin at different dosages by estimating ASAT and ALAT enzyme levels in serum and the effect of Cypermethrin on weight gain of poultry birds. Cypermethrin was mixed with edible refined oil to prepare the feeding solution in the concentrations of 25 and 50 mg/kg body weight and fed to 18 birds in three groups for seven consecutive days. Birds treated with 1ml of refined oil served as Control (Gr I), 0.5ml of Cypermethrin solution @ 25 mg/kg body weight (Gr II) and with 0.25 ml of Cypermethrin solution @ 50 mg/kg body weight (Gr III) .The Gr II and GrIII showed a rapid rise in serum ASAT and ALAT levels and gained weight after 5th week of age indicating the hepatotoxic effect of Cypermethrin.
Key Words:- Cypermethrin, ASAT, ALAT, Hepatotoxic.
Research article:- * Sayantan Ray 1, K.Nagaiah. 2
1* NSHM College of Pharmaceutical Technology, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
2Organic and Bimolecular Chemistry Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR), Hyderabad, India.
Abstract: The phytochemical study using Caralluma umbellata (Asclepiadaceae) whole plant allowed the isolation of a pregnane glycoside known as Carumbelloside-II. Carumbelloside-II was evaluated for both antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activity. The antinociceptive activity was evaluated in acidic acid-induced abdominal constriction test method in Swiss albino mice, while anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated in carrageenan-induced paw edema in Wistar rats. Carumbelloside-II has significant antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activity. These results of present study confirm the use of Cralluma umbellata traditionally for the treatment of painful and inflammatory condition.
Keywords: Caralluma Umbellata; Asclepiadaceae; Pregnane glycoside; Anti-inflammatory activity, Carumbelloside – II.
Research article:-Haque Aminul Md., Islam Ashraful S. M. and Shahriar Mohammad
* MS in Pharm. Tech., Lecturer, Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka-1209, Bangladesh.
M. Pharm., Associate Professor, Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka-1209, Bangladesh. MS in Pharm. Tech., Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka-1209, Bangladesh.
Abstract: Tinospora crispa (family: Menispermaceae) has been investigated for evaluation of the biological activities. The stem bark T. crispa of was extracted with methanol and the extract was partitioned with petroleum ether, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform and aqueous soluble fractions. The chloroform, petroleum ether and methanolic extracts were subjected to antimicrobial screening against some gram-positive and gram-negative organisms by the disc diffusion method. In the brine shrimp lethality bioassay, the extracts of chloroform, petroleum ether and methanol were found to show LC50 of 11.5 g/ml, 12.6 g/ml and 12.0 g/ml respectively. This indicated that the cytotoxicity exhibited by the chloroform, petroleum ether and methanol extract was very significant. These extractives were subjected to antioxidant screening- by DPPH free radical scavenging activity. In these cases, butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and ascorbic acid were used as antioxidant standard. By DPPH assay, it is found that the carbon tetrachloride soluble fraction of T. crispa showed strong antioxidant activity with the IC50 value 30 µg/ml. Besides petroleum ether and chloroform soluble fractions also showed free radical scavenging activity with the IC50 value 70 and 75 µg/ml, respectively.
Keywords: T. crispa, extracts, antioxidant activity, cytotoxicity, antimicrobial screening
Research article:- *Amit Pandey1, Shweta2
1R&D Division, MRD LifeSciences, Lucknow-226010, India.
2DAV College, CSJM University, Kanpur-802024, India.
Abstract:-The present study was designated to evaluate the antifungal activities of ethanolic, methanolic, ethyl acetate and hot water extract from leaves and fruits of Psidium guajava. Compare to all parts, the fruits were showing best result and the zone of inhibition was obtained 29 mm in methanolic extract of fruits against T. rubrum. The antifungal activities of the extracts against fungus were tested by using agar well diffusion assay and the MIC values were determined by broth dilution assay. The hot water extracts showed lower antifungal activity as compared to methanolic, ethanolic and ethyl acetate extracts. The least concentrations were obtained 1.98 mg/ml in methanolic extract of fruits and ethanolic extract of leaves against T. rubrum and also 0.33 mg/ml for ethyl acetate extract of fruits against T. rubrum. The antifungal compound mainly found in Psidium guajava were tannins, phlobatannins, saponins, terpenoids, alkaloids and poly phenols.
Keywords:- Antifungal properties, ethanolic, ethyl acetate and methanolic plant extract, MIC, zone of inhibition.
Research article:-
*S. Mathavi1, G. Sasikala1, A. Kavitha1, K.R. Rajesh2, Indra Priyadharsini2
1Asst. Professor, Department of Microbiology, Kirupananda Variyar Medical College, Seeragapadi, Salem- 636308. Tamilnadu, India.
2 Professor, Department of Microbiology, Kirupananda Variyar Medical College, Seeragapadi, Salem- 636308. Tamilnadu, India.
Abstract: Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the second most common infections in community practice. Fluoroquinolones are the preferred antimicrobial agents for empirical therapy of UTI. Ciprofloxacin is the most frequently prescribed fluoroquinolone for UTI because of its excellent activity against uropathogens. Decreased susceptibility to fluoroquinolones arises mainly by single-step mutations in the gyrA and parC genes, which encode the fluoroquinolones targets, the topoisomerase enzymes, conferring cross-resistance to fluoroquinolones. Aim: This study was undertaken to evaluate the susceptibility of urinary isolates to various antibiotics and to know the prevalence of ciprofloxacin resistance among urinary isolates and guide the clinicians to prescribe the most successful empirical antibiotic to eliminate the urinary pathogens. Materials & Methods: A total of 532 isolates obtained from urine samples received in the microbiology department over a period of six months (March-August 2011) were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing. Isolates with resistance or with decreased susceptibility to Ciprofloxacin (≤20 mm) were then screened for minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) by E-test. Results: Out of 532 isolates, 112 (21%) isolates were resistant to Ciprofloxacin. The MIC of these isolates ranged from 4 to > 32µg/ml. Conclusion: The increased use of fluoroquinolones as empirical treatment for the UTIS will facilitate the emergence of resistance to this class of compounds and promote the emergence of multi-drug resistant strains. Hence it should be discouraged as it will undermine the efficacy of fluoroquinolones to treat more serious infections. This study hence emphasizes the need for the continuous evaluation of the commonly used antibiotics.
Keywords: Ciprofloxacin, Fluoroquinolones, MIC, Urinary isolates.