DocumentsDate added
Research article:-
* SULE, O.J,1 ELEKWA, I.2 and AYALOGU, E.O.3
1Department of Medical Biochemistry, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria.
2Department of Biochemistry, Abia State University, Uturu, Abia State, Nigeria.
3 Department of Biochemistry, University of PortHarcourt, Choba, Rivers State, Nigeria.
Abstract:-The hepatoprotective and antioxidant activities of Acalypha wilkesiana against CCL4-induced hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress in wistar albino rats were assessed. Activities of liver marker enzymes in serum (ALT, AST, ALP, CPK and LDH) were determined colorimetrically using standard kits. Morphology parameters were also assessed. Rats in group1 were fed with 100% feed and administered CCL4, while those in groups (2, 3 and 4) were pretreated with 10%, 30%, and 50% of dried leaves of Acalypha wilkesiana respectively. Rats in group 5 were pretreated with 30% Acalypha wilkesiana without administration of CCL4 (positive control), while rats in group 6 were fed with 100% feed without CCL4 administration (general control). Data obtained were analyzed by inferential statistics using ANOVA. The CCL4 induction (0.5 ml/kg body weight in 0.5 ml olive oil intraperitoneally) on the 28th day of study caused significant increases (p< 0.05) in the levels of serum enzymes (ALT, AST, ALP, CPK and LDH), when compared with the controls. Pre-treatment of rats with 10% and 30% Acalypha wilkesiana for twenty eight (28) days resulted in significant decreases (p< 0.05) in the levels of ALT, AST, ALP, CPK and LDH, in a dose dependent manner. However, there was significant increase (p< 0.05) in the levels of liver marker enzymes as well as significant decreases (p< 0.05) in the body weight changes and liver weights in rats group pretreated with 50% Acalypha wilkesiana when compared with the controls. The study suggests derangement of liver functions and possible damage to the hepatocytes by the Acalypha wilkesiana at this dose and duration.
Key Words:- Acalypha wilkesiana, Carbon tetrachloride (CCL4), hepatotoxicity, wistar rats.
Review article:-
*Sudhir Yadav1, Aarti Verma1 , Hemraj1 ,Abhishek Budhiraja1 ,RSR Murty1
1Nano medicine research centre, Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India.
Abstract:- Nanotechnology is currently employed as a tool to explore some new aspects to fight and prevent diseases using molecular level modification of materials. However, nanoparticles can act on biosystem at the nanolevel resulting not only desirable, but also there are some undesirable effects. Various approaches have been exploited to evaluate desirable properties of nanoparticles for medicine but there are limited attempts have been made to evaluate potentially undesirable effects of these particles when administered intentionally for medical purposes. Due to the increasing advances in this area and the increasing public exposure to nonmaterials both from intentional administration and accidental contact, improved characterization and reliable toxicity testing tools are required for new and existing nanomaterials. Therefore for assessing the toxicity of nanosystems, improvement of already existing cytotoxicity methods or the development of new test systems which define a new standard for in vitro toxicity testing of nanoparticles is essential. This review discusses current methodologies used to assess toxicity of nanoparticles and their in vitro limitation.
Key Words:- Nanoparticles, Toxicity.
Research article:-
*Anupama Mahajan1 and Seema2
1 Professor & Head , Department of Anatomy, Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of medical college and research Amritsar,India.
2Associate Professor, Department of Anatomy, Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of medical college and research Amritsar, India.
Abstract: This study was done on 96 adult’s dry human skulls of unknown age and sex taken from department of Anatomy, Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Medical Science & Research, Vallah (Amritsar). During morphological study, out of 96 adults human skulls,one dry adult human skull showed duplication of the optic canal on left side. The main canal was in usual position. The accessory canal was smaller and inferomedial to it in position. The canals were nearly parallel to each other with intervening wall of variable thickness and length. The Embryological development and clinical implications of this congenital anomaly are discussed.
Key Words: Skull, sex. optic, accessory, embryological.
Research article:-
*G. Sucilathangam1 , S. Nithya Gomatheswari2, G. Velvizhi3, C. Pauline Vincent4 , N. Palaniappan5.
1 M. D., Tirunelveli Medical College, Tirunelveli - 627 011, Tamil Nadu, India.
2M. D., Chengalpet Medical College, Chengalpet, Tamil Nadu, India.
3 M. D., Tirunelveli Medical College, Tirunelveli - 627 011, Tamil Nadu, India.
4M. D., (S), Govt. Siddha College, Tirunelveli - 627 002, Tamil Nadu, India.
5M. D., Tirunelveli Medical College, Tirunelveli - 627 011, Tamil Nadu, India.
Abstract: Background:- Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has been well-documented as a major cause of hospital infections. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the antibacterial potential of aqueous and ethanol extracts of nutgalls of Quercus infectoria by disc diffusion method, determination of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) values. Materials and Methods: A total of 103 clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus were collected from Tirunelveli Medical College Hospital. The isolated strains of S. aureus were subjected to the following phenotypic methods viz., Oxacillin screen agar and Cefoxitin disc diffusion test to screen and confirm MRSA. The nutgalls of Quercus infectoria were extracted with 95% ethanol and water. The antibacterial activity of aqueous and ethanol extract of Quercus infectoria was determined against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, MRSA ATCC 43300 and clinical isolates by disc diffusion method, MIC and MBC. The MIC of the extracts were then determined using the twofold serial micro dilution technique at a concentration ranging from 50 mg/ml to 0.4 mg/ml. The MBC values were finally obtained from the MIC micro titre wells which showed no turbidity after 24 hrs of incubation by sub culturing method. Results: Ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Quercus infectoria demonstrated significant antibacterial activities against all strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Inhibition zones of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Quercus infectoria for clinical isolates of MRSA strains were in the range 11-17 mm. Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, MRSA ATCC 43300 demonstrated similar results. The MIC values of aqueous extract for Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, MRSA ATCC 43300 and clinical isolates of MRSA strains were 0.4-1.6 mg/ml, 0.4-1.6 mg/ml and 0.4-3.2 mg/ml respectively and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values were 3.2 mg/ml, 6.3 mg/ml and 6.3 mg/ml, respectively. The MIC values of ethanolic extract for Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, MRSA ATCC 43300 and clinical isolates of MRSA strains were 0.4-1.6 mg/ml, 0.4-0.8 mg/ml and 0.4-3.2 mg/ml respectively and MBC values were 0.8-1.6 mg/ml, 0.4 mg/ml and 3.2- 6.3 mg/ml respectively. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that the ethanolic extract of Quercus infectoria had significant antibacterial activities against all strains of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). This finding provides an insight into the usage of the nutgalls of Q. infectoria in traditional treatment of wounds or burns associated with MRSA infections.
Key Words: Medicinal plant - Quercus infectoria - Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus- Minimum Inhibitory Concentration- Minimum Bactericidal Concentration-Aqueous extract-Ethanolic extract.
Research article:-
* Jayashree M.P.1, Laxman V Dasar.2
1Asst.Professor, Department of ophthalmology, S.Nijalingappa Medical College and H.S.K. Hospital & Research Center, Bagalkot, India.
2Assoc Professor, Department of ophthalmolgy, Department of ophthalmology, S.Nijalingappa Medical College and H.S.K. Hospital & Research Center, Bagalkot, India.
Abstract: Aim: To compare the post operative visual outcome and complications between the two groups, In the Bag IOL & Sulcus Fixated IOL. Though this study was done 10 years back, but now because the research material about this topic is published less and not done, so we thought of publishing it. Materials & Methods: This is a prospective clinical study done at Aravind Eye hospital Tirunelveli during September 1999-2000 to compare the visual outcome and complication of posterior chamber IOL implantation.100 patients in each group i.e.in the Bag IOL and Sulcus Fixated IOL placement were reviewed and followed up for a period of 12 months. All cases were operated by small incision cataract surgery technique. Results: 200 cases of posterior chamber IOL implantation by small incision cataract surgery (SICS) were included in our study. Majority of patients were in the age group of 50-70 years. In both groups with male to female ratio were 51.5:48.5. In group-I, (32%) had nuclear sclerosis with posterior sub capsular cataract and in group-II, 36% had mature cataract pre-operative best corrected visual ranged from 6/6 to perception of light only. Post operative complication like corneal oedema, iritis, pupillary abnormality, pigment dispersion, decentration and PCO formation were more in group-II. Post operative uncorrected visual acuity of 6/12 was seen in majority of cases and best corrected visual acuity of 6/6 was seen in 78% of group-I and 60% of group-II. Majority of patients had against-the-rule astigmatism of less than one diopter, 43% in group-I & 47% in group-II. Conclusion: In-the-bag IOL implantation was a better technique as compared to ciliary sulcus IOL implantation.
Key Words: Small incision cataract surgery, In-the-bag, Ciliary sulcus.