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Research article:-
* Akintola A. O, Ayoola P.B, and Ibikunle, G.J.
Department of Science Laboratory Technology Ladoke Akintola University of Technology Ogbomoso, P.M.B 4000, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria. .
Abstract:-The antioxidant capacities of the methanolic extracts of Telfaira occidentalis (Ugu) and Gnetum africanum (Afang) were studied by analyzing five different biochemical parameters which are indicative of antioxidant activity or potential of each of the extract. The studied biochemical parameters are DPPH radical scavenging activity, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, reductive potential, total flavonoid content, total phenolic content. The antioxidant activity of Telfaira occidentalis as determined by DPPH radical scavenging activity, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, reductive potential, total flavoniod content and total phenolic content were higher than that of Gnetum africanum. Analysis of the plant extracts revealed a high amount of polyphenols and flavonoids suggesting a possible role of these phytoconstituents in the antioxidant property. Moreover, the results were observed in a concentration and dose dependent manner. Studies indicate that Telfaira occidentalis and Gnetum africanum have a significant antioxidant activity with Telfaira occidentalis having a higher antioxidant than Gnetum africanum.
Key Words:- Telfaira occidentalis, Gnetum africanum, free radicals, antioxidant activity.
Research article:- H.RavichandraPrakash1. Rashmi Belodu2, Neena Karangate3, Suresh Sonth4, Anitha.M.R5, Vijayanath.V6
1Associate Professor, Department of Microbiology, Basaveshwara Medical College and Hospital , Chitradurga – 577502, India.
2Assistant Professor, Department of Microbiology, Basaveshwara Medical College and Hospital, Chitradurga – 577502, India.
3Professor and Head Department of Microbiology, Basaveshwara Medical College and Hospital Chitradurga – 577502, India.
4Assistant professor, Department of Microbiology, S.N Medical College, Navanagar, Bagalkot – 587102 . India.
5Assistant Professor, Department of Anatomy, VMKV Medical College and Hospital, Salem. Tamil Nadu, India.
6Associate Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, VMKV Medical College & Hospital, Salem. Tamil Nadu, India.
Abstract: Objective: Currently antibiotic resistance in bacterial populations is one of the greatest challenges to the effective management of infections. Constant bacteriological monitoring of pathogens in the hospital in general and specialized units is necessary to provide accurate data on the prevalence and antibiotic resistance pattern of specific pathogens. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most common gram-negative microorganisms identified in the clinical specimens of hospital admitted patients. The present study was undertaken to assess antibiotic resistance in clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in our hospital, and to obtain baseline information on the presence of this important pathogen. Methods & Results: A total of 486 Pseudomonas aeruginosa were isolated of which 340 (70.0%) were from indoor and 146 (30.0%) were from outdoor patients. Of the 486 isolates 292 (60.0%) were from males and 194 (40.0%) from females. From the study population 223 (45.88%) patients were aged between 21-40 years, while 149 (30.65%) were below 20 years. In present studies the resistance against ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin was observed between 70 – 98%. The aminoglycoside group of antibiotics - amikacin - demonstrated maximum sensitivity against Pseudomonas species. Conclusion: Therefore, use of amikacin should be restricted to severe nosocomial infections, in order to avoid rapid emergence of resistant strains. Periodic susceptibility testing should be carried out over a period of two to three years, to detect the resistance trends. Also, a rational strategy on the limited and prudent use of anti-Pseudomonal agents is urgently required.
Keywords: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Antimicrobial resistance, Sensitivity, Disk diffusion technique, Reserve drugs.
Research article:-
* SULE, O.J,1S.I. Faparusi2 and P. P. K. Joffa.3
1Department of Medical Biochemistry, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria.
2Department of Biochemistry, University of Ibadan, Oyo State. 3Department of Human Physiology, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State. .
Abstract:-The protective activity of aqueous neem fruit and seed extracts on Sitophilus oryzae was investigated at 27±2⁰C, using feeding test technique. The aqueous neem seed extract significantly protected the maize seeds against infestation by Sitophilus oryzae better than the aqueous neem fruit extracts, as number of seed damaged by adult feeding (18.25±6.18 vs 32.5 ± 8.62, P ≤ 0.01) and number of adult emergence (2.35±2.0 vs 9.0 ± 6.40, P ≤ 0.05) were significantly different respectively. The results of this study showed that the effectiveness of neem (Azadirachta indica ) is dependent on the part of plant used.
Key Words:- Azadirachta indica, Sitophilus oryzae, adult emergence.
Research article:- * Gavaji Brahmeshwari1, Maganti Surekha2, Kiran Saini.2
1Department of Chemistry, University Arts and Science, Kakatiya University, Warangal – 506 001, A.P., India.
2Department of Botany, Toxicology Laboratory, Kakatiya University, Warangal – 506 001, A.P., India.
Abstract:- Lawsone (2-hydroxy, 1, 4-naphthalenedione) is a biologically important compound. By the cyclization of the intermediate 2-Chloro benzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone of 1, 4 –Naphthoquinone the title compound was prepared. These compounds have significant biological activity. They are active against bacteria.
Key words:-Lawsone, Thiosemicarbazone, Naphthoquinone, bacterial activity.
Research article:-
* Pithadia Pradeep R.1, Lodhiya Kaushik K.2, Dhaduk Kishor M3, C. Damor Raman D4, Yadav Sudha B5, Kapil Gandha6
1 M.D. (Community Medicine), Tutor , Community Medicine Department, M P Shah Medical College, Jamnagar, India.
2 M.D. (Community Medicine), Tutor, Community Medicine Department, M P Shah Medical College, Jamnagar, India.
3 M.D. (Community Medicine), Assistant Professor, Community Medicine Department, M P Shah Medical College, Jamnagar, India.
4 M.D. (Community Medicine), Tutor, Community Medicine Department, M P Shah Medical College, Jamnagar,India.
5M.D. (Community Medicine), Additional dean and professor and head, Community Medicine Department, M P Shah Medical College, Jamnagar, India.
6Assistant Professor,Department of community medicine,M.P.shah Medical Collge,Jamnagar,India.
Abstract: Background: Failure to deliver at least one dose of measles vaccine to all infants along with poor cold chain maintenance remain the primary reason for high measles mortality and morbidity in children in developing countries like India. Objective: To investigate measles epidemic by identifying all cases including source, finding out cause of epidemic and suggesting control measures. Material and method: A retro-prospective cohort study was carried out through House to House visit from Feb 22-28, 2010 in PHC Netra to identify all cases of measles in children <=14 years of age. A complete history was taken through oral questionnaire method using pre-structured performa, general examination of cases carried out.. Statistical Analysis: Chi-square test used. Results: It was a typical propagated epidemic. Out of total (n=1667) children surveyed, 56 (3.36%) suffered from measles illness, with a higher attack rate in unvaccinated children or children with unknown vaccinated status (9.56%) compared to vaccinated children (2.15%). The age-specific attack rate was highest in under five children (4.51%) along with lowest vaccine efficacy (34.62%) among all age groups of children. The overall vaccine efficacy is 77.51%.As much as 12.5% children had not received a single dose of vitamin-A either during or before the illness. One-quarter of children suffered from protein-energy malnutrition. Conclusion: Failure of administration of scheduled measles vaccination along with vitamin-A supplementation in children and poor maintenance of cold chain were primary reasons of occurrence of this epidemic.
Key Words: Measles epidemic, vaccine coverage, cold chain.