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Research article:-
*Anupama Mahajan1 and Seema2
1 Professor & Head , Department of Anatomy, Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of medical college and research Amritsar,India.
2Associate Professor, Department of Anatomy, Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of medical college and research Amritsar, India.
Abstract: This study was done on 96 adult’s dry human skulls of unknown age and sex taken from department of Anatomy, Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Medical Science & Research, Vallah (Amritsar). During morphological study, out of 96 adults human skulls,one dry adult human skull showed duplication of the optic canal on left side. The main canal was in usual position. The accessory canal was smaller and inferomedial to it in position. The canals were nearly parallel to each other with intervening wall of variable thickness and length. The Embryological development and clinical implications of this congenital anomaly are discussed.
Key Words: Skull, sex. optic, accessory, embryological.
Research article:-
* SULE, O.J,1S.I. Faparusi2 and P. P. K. Joffa.3
1Department of Medical Biochemistry, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria.
2Department of Biochemistry, University of Ibadan, Oyo State. 3Department of Human Physiology, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State. .
Abstract:-The protective activity of aqueous neem fruit and seed extracts on Sitophilus oryzae was investigated at 27±2⁰C, using feeding test technique. The aqueous neem seed extract significantly protected the maize seeds against infestation by Sitophilus oryzae better than the aqueous neem fruit extracts, as number of seed damaged by adult feeding (18.25±6.18 vs 32.5 ± 8.62, P ≤ 0.01) and number of adult emergence (2.35±2.0 vs 9.0 ± 6.40, P ≤ 0.05) were significantly different respectively. The results of this study showed that the effectiveness of neem (Azadirachta indica ) is dependent on the part of plant used.
Key Words:- Azadirachta indica, Sitophilus oryzae, adult emergence.
Research article:-
* Akintola A. O, Ayoola P.B, and Ibikunle, G.J.
Department of Science Laboratory Technology Ladoke Akintola University of Technology Ogbomoso, P.M.B 4000, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria. .
Abstract:-The antioxidant capacities of the methanolic extracts of Telfaira occidentalis (Ugu) and Gnetum africanum (Afang) were studied by analyzing five different biochemical parameters which are indicative of antioxidant activity or potential of each of the extract. The studied biochemical parameters are DPPH radical scavenging activity, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, reductive potential, total flavonoid content, total phenolic content. The antioxidant activity of Telfaira occidentalis as determined by DPPH radical scavenging activity, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, reductive potential, total flavoniod content and total phenolic content were higher than that of Gnetum africanum. Analysis of the plant extracts revealed a high amount of polyphenols and flavonoids suggesting a possible role of these phytoconstituents in the antioxidant property. Moreover, the results were observed in a concentration and dose dependent manner. Studies indicate that Telfaira occidentalis and Gnetum africanum have a significant antioxidant activity with Telfaira occidentalis having a higher antioxidant than Gnetum africanum.
Key Words:- Telfaira occidentalis, Gnetum africanum, free radicals, antioxidant activity.
Research article:-
* SULE, O.J,1 ELEKWA, I.2 and AYALOGU, E.O.3
1Department of Medical Biochemistry, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria.
2Department of Biochemistry, Abia State University, Uturu, Abia State, Nigeria.
3 Department of Biochemistry, University of PortHarcourt, Choba, Rivers State, Nigeria.
Abstract:-The hepatoprotective and antioxidant activities of Acalypha wilkesiana against CCL4-induced hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress in wistar albino rats were assessed. Activities of liver marker enzymes in serum (ALT, AST, ALP, CPK and LDH) were determined colorimetrically using standard kits. Morphology parameters were also assessed. Rats in group1 were fed with 100% feed and administered CCL4, while those in groups (2, 3 and 4) were pretreated with 10%, 30%, and 50% of dried leaves of Acalypha wilkesiana respectively. Rats in group 5 were pretreated with 30% Acalypha wilkesiana without administration of CCL4 (positive control), while rats in group 6 were fed with 100% feed without CCL4 administration (general control). Data obtained were analyzed by inferential statistics using ANOVA. The CCL4 induction (0.5 ml/kg body weight in 0.5 ml olive oil intraperitoneally) on the 28th day of study caused significant increases (p< 0.05) in the levels of serum enzymes (ALT, AST, ALP, CPK and LDH), when compared with the controls. Pre-treatment of rats with 10% and 30% Acalypha wilkesiana for twenty eight (28) days resulted in significant decreases (p< 0.05) in the levels of ALT, AST, ALP, CPK and LDH, in a dose dependent manner. However, there was significant increase (p< 0.05) in the levels of liver marker enzymes as well as significant decreases (p< 0.05) in the body weight changes and liver weights in rats group pretreated with 50% Acalypha wilkesiana when compared with the controls. The study suggests derangement of liver functions and possible damage to the hepatocytes by the Acalypha wilkesiana at this dose and duration.
Key Words:- Acalypha wilkesiana, Carbon tetrachloride (CCL4), hepatotoxicity, wistar rats.
Research article:-
Adebola Onanuga* and Darlington D Eboh.
Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology & Biotechnology ,¬¬Faculty of Pharmacy, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island , Bayelsa State, Nigeria.
Abstract:-Background: Substandard antimicrobial agents are serious public health problem with great consequences on patients and drug resistance. This study assessed the in-vitro effectiveness of commonly used brands of ciprofloxacin tablets and gentamicin injections in Nigeria. Methods: The antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of four clinical isolates (comprising of two strains each of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus) and one typed culture of E. coli (ATCC 25922) were determined against ten brands of ciprofloxacin tablets, seven brands of gentamicin injections and their standards using broth and agar dilution techniques. Results: The broth and agar dilution techniques gave the same minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) results for each of the agents’ brands and their standards. The MICs of six (60%) brands of ciprofloxacin tablets and 5 (71.4%) brands of gentamicin injections were significantly higher than those of their standards (p < 0.05). Conclusions: These findings suggest that higher proportions of the brands of these agents are substandard which have serious clinical implications in the treatment of bacterial infections. Thus, the need for effective strategies by the regulatory agencies in order to stop the distribution of substandard antimicrobial agents in this country is desirable.
Key Words:- Prevalence, Effectiveness, Substandard, Drug resistance, Gentamicin injections, Ciprofloxacin tablets.