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Research article:-
*Dr. Narayan Shrihari MD (Microbiology)1, Dr. KumudiniT.S D.Bact (Microbiology)2
1Asst. Professor, Department of Microbiology, Vijayanagar Institute of Medical Sciences (VIMS), Bellary-583104, India.
2 Tutor, Department of Microbiology, Vijayanagar Institute of Medical Sciences (VIMS), Bellary-583104, India.
Abstract: Background: Microscopic examination of sputum samples is of special importance for the rapid presumptive diagnosis of tuberculosis because of slow growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in culture. The early diagnosis of active tuberculosis still depends on the presence of acid fast bacilli (AFB) in stained sputum smears. Purpose: The objective of this study was to compare Ziehl Neelsen (ZN) staining with Acridine orange (AO) and Auramine rhodamine (AR) fluorochrome staining in the diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB). Settings and Design: A prospective study for a period of ten months Material and Methods: A total of 2362 sputum samples were included in this study. All samples were smeared and stained by using ZN staining and positive smears were subjected to fluorochrome staining AO and AR. Results: A total 291out of 2362 samples (12.32%) were smear positive by ZN staining while others were negative. The proportion of positive smears detected was 11.43% and 8.50% for the AO and AR staining methods respectively. Conclusion: ZN staining is more sensitive than fluorescent stains (AO and AR) for the diagnosis of TB.
Key-words: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Ziehl Neelsen, Acridine orange and Auramine rhodamine.
Research article:-
*1Dr.Gopal Bajaj, 2Dr.Sangamesh Malaji , 3Dr.S.A.Kora.
*1,2 Asst. Professor, Department of Medicine S. Nijalingappa Medical College and H.S.K. Hospital & Research Center, Bagalkot, India.
3 Asso Professor, Department of Medicine. S. Nijalingappa Medical College and H.S.K. Hospital & Research Center, Bagalkot,India.
Abstract: - Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases, mostly a lifestyle related disease is going to be an epidemic in near future. Eighty percent deaths due to cardiovascular disease occur in low and middle income group of people. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional observation study was undertaken among 150 care-providers of different departments in S.Nijalingappa Medical College and HSK Hospital & Research Center. Navanagar, Bagalkot, to access the prevalence of general, physical activity related and dietary risk factors. The study subjects were classified into medical (doctors), auxiliary (nurses and technical staffs) and supportive (peons and sweepers) categories according to their job responsibilities. With the help of risk factor scoring system developed by the Bisoi et al. study 7 the prevalence of different category of risk factors were compared among different categories of care-providers in association with some related biological characteristics. Results: The general risk factors found significantly increased (p<0.001) with increase in age. The physical activity related risk scores were more in females than males. But the difference was not statistically significant. The supportive staffs had significantly lower general risk factors than doctors and auxiliary staffs. Regarding physical activity related risk factors and dietary risk factors were significantly lower in doctors than the other two categories.
Key words:- Healthcare-providers, cardiovascular risk factors, auxiliary staffs.
Research article:-
* Pithadia Pradeep R.1, Lodhiya Kaushik K.2, Dhaduk Kishor M3, C. Damor Raman D4, Yadav Sudha B5, Kapil Gandha6
1 M.D. (Community Medicine), Tutor , Community Medicine Department, M P Shah Medical College, Jamnagar, India.
2 M.D. (Community Medicine), Tutor, Community Medicine Department, M P Shah Medical College, Jamnagar, India.
3 M.D. (Community Medicine), Assistant Professor, Community Medicine Department, M P Shah Medical College, Jamnagar, India.
4 M.D. (Community Medicine), Tutor, Community Medicine Department, M P Shah Medical College, Jamnagar,India.
5M.D. (Community Medicine), Additional dean and professor and head, Community Medicine Department, M P Shah Medical College, Jamnagar, India.
6Assistant Professor,Department of community medicine,M.P.shah Medical Collge,Jamnagar,India.
Abstract: Background: Failure to deliver at least one dose of measles vaccine to all infants along with poor cold chain maintenance remain the primary reason for high measles mortality and morbidity in children in developing countries like India. Objective: To investigate measles epidemic by identifying all cases including source, finding out cause of epidemic and suggesting control measures. Material and method: A retro-prospective cohort study was carried out through House to House visit from Feb 22-28, 2010 in PHC Netra to identify all cases of measles in children <=14 years of age. A complete history was taken through oral questionnaire method using pre-structured performa, general examination of cases carried out.. Statistical Analysis: Chi-square test used. Results: It was a typical propagated epidemic. Out of total (n=1667) children surveyed, 56 (3.36%) suffered from measles illness, with a higher attack rate in unvaccinated children or children with unknown vaccinated status (9.56%) compared to vaccinated children (2.15%). The age-specific attack rate was highest in under five children (4.51%) along with lowest vaccine efficacy (34.62%) among all age groups of children. The overall vaccine efficacy is 77.51%.As much as 12.5% children had not received a single dose of vitamin-A either during or before the illness. One-quarter of children suffered from protein-energy malnutrition. Conclusion: Failure of administration of scheduled measles vaccination along with vitamin-A supplementation in children and poor maintenance of cold chain were primary reasons of occurrence of this epidemic.
Key Words: Measles epidemic, vaccine coverage, cold chain.
Research article:- * Gavaji Brahmeshwari1, Maganti Surekha2, Kiran Saini.2
1Department of Chemistry, University Arts and Science, Kakatiya University, Warangal – 506 001, A.P., India.
2Department of Botany, Toxicology Laboratory, Kakatiya University, Warangal – 506 001, A.P., India.
Abstract:- Lawsone (2-hydroxy, 1, 4-naphthalenedione) is a biologically important compound. By the cyclization of the intermediate 2-Chloro benzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone of 1, 4 –Naphthoquinone the title compound was prepared. These compounds have significant biological activity. They are active against bacteria.
Key words:-Lawsone, Thiosemicarbazone, Naphthoquinone, bacterial activity.
Research article:-
* SULE, O.J,1S.I. Faparusi2 and P. P. K. Joffa.3
1Department of Medical Biochemistry, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria.
2Department of Biochemistry, University of Ibadan, Oyo State. 3Department of Human Physiology, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State. .
Abstract:-The protective activity of aqueous neem fruit and seed extracts on Sitophilus oryzae was investigated at 27±2⁰C, using feeding test technique. The aqueous neem seed extract significantly protected the maize seeds against infestation by Sitophilus oryzae better than the aqueous neem fruit extracts, as number of seed damaged by adult feeding (18.25±6.18 vs 32.5 ± 8.62, P ≤ 0.01) and number of adult emergence (2.35±2.0 vs 9.0 ± 6.40, P ≤ 0.05) were significantly different respectively. The results of this study showed that the effectiveness of neem (Azadirachta indica ) is dependent on the part of plant used.
Key Words:- Azadirachta indica, Sitophilus oryzae, adult emergence.