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Research article:-
* SULE, O.J,1 ELEKWA, I.2 and JOFFA, P.P.K3.
1Department of Medical Biochemistry, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria.
2Department of Biochemistry, Abia State University, Uturu, Abia State, Nigeria.
3Department of Physiology, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria.
Abstract:- The role of C. papaya for the prevention of CCl4 induced liver damage was investigated. Thirty wistar albino rats were allotted to six groups. Rats in group1 were fed with 100% feed and administered CCl4, while those in groups (2, 3 and 4) were pretreated with 10%, 30%, and 50% of dried leaves of C. papaya respectively. Rats in groups 5 and 6 received 30% C. papaya and 100% feed without administration of CCl4 (positive and general controls respectively). CCl4 induction was carried out on the 29th day of study (0.5 ml/kg body weight in 0.5 ml olive oil intraperitoneally). Rats were starved for 24hrs, scarified on the 30th day of study and the serum was used to investigate the activities of liver marker enzymes (ALT, AST, ALP, CPK and LDH) using colorimetric methods. Morphology parameters were also assessed. Data obtained were analyzed by inferential statistics using ANOVA. There was significant increases (p ≤ 0.05) in the levels of serum enzymes ( ALT, AST, ALP, CPK and LDH) in CCl4 treated rats when compared with rats groups that were pre-treated with 10%, 30% and 50% C. papaya prior to administration of CCl4. However, there were significant decreases (p ≤ 0.05) in the levels of ALT, AST, ALP, CPK and LDH in rats that were pre-treated with 10%, 30% and 50% C. papaya when compared with the rats that were administered CCl4 only, in a dose dependent manner. Liver weights decreased significantly (p ≤ 0.05) in rats administered with CCl4 only. However, there was significant increase (p ≤ 0.05) in the liver weights of rats that were pre-treated with 10%, 30% and 50% Carica papaya, when compared with the rats that received CCl4 only. Unusual aggressive behavioral display was noticed in the pretreated experimental groups.
Key Words:- Carica papaya (C. papaya), Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), morphology, wistar rats etc.
Research article:-
*R.C.Pantola1, G.S.Shekhawat2
1Research scholar, Department of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Banasthali University, Banasthali 304022, Rajasthan, India.
2Associate Professor, Department of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Banasthali University, Banasthali 304022, Rajasthan, India.
Abstract:-In vitro grown seedlings of Brassica juncea were treated with 0.5, 1.0, 5.0, 10.0, 20.0, 40.0, 50.0, 75.0, and 100.0 µ mol concentration of copper and compared with non- treated control. Antioxidative enzymes (superoxide dusmutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and catalase (CAT)) indices of leaves were studied by analyzing these antioxidative enzymes in day 5 and 10. The seedlings were grown on Hoagland’s nutrient solution. Our results indicate an enhancement in the activity of APX in response to copper stress at 10 µ mol on day 5 and 1, 5,10,40,50 and 75 µ mol copper treatment on day 10. While the APX activity decreased at 1,5,20,40,50,75 and 100 µ mol on day 5 and 0.5,20,100 µ mol on day 10. CAT activity increased at 5,10,40,50 and 75 µ mol copper concentration on day 10 , at 10 and 20 µ mol on day 5,while it was moderate at 0.5,40,50,75, and 100 µ mol on day 5 and 0.5 and 1 µ mol on day 10. CAT activity was decreased on day 5 at 0.5 and 20 µ mol and 100 µ mol on day 10, with respect to untreated control. SOD activity gradually decreased up to 5 µ mol and increased at 10 µ mol but at 20, 40, 50 and 75 µ mol it was observed slightly, gradual increment, at 100 µ mol it was drastically high that is more than double of control. On day 10, SOD activity was found less than control up to 10 µ mol, at 20 µ mol it was minimal and again at 40, 50, 75 and 100 µ mol it remains somehow equal but less than control.
Key Words:- Antioxidant enzymes. Brassica juncea, Copper, Oxidative stress.
Research article:-
*S. Lokanadham 1 , N.Khaleel 2 , Sateesh Naik. K3 , V.Subhadra Devi. 4
1School of Medical Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Central University, Hyderabad-500 046, Andhra Pradesh, India.
2Department of Anatomy, St.John Medical College, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
3Department of Anatomy, Sri Bhasaweswara Medical College, Chitradurga, Karnataka, India. 4Department of Anatomy, Sri Venkateswara Medical College, Tirupati-517502, Andhra Pradesh, India.
Abstract: Formalin fixed 15 (male-6, female-9) aborted fetuses from 16weeks -36 weeks of gestational age were dissected to study the morphology of fetal thyroid glands. Crown -Rump length, Crown - Heel length and weight of the fetus along with fetal thyroid morphological and morphometric parameters were recorded. We observed the broader right lobes, broader left lobes of the thyroid glands, pyramidal lobe, levator glandulae thyroidae and isthmus agenesis which may consider under multiple morphological anomalies of the thyroid gland. Female fetuses (n = 5) are showing the broader right lobes and male fetuses (n = 3) are showing broader left lobes. The morphological parameters of the both broader right and left lobes of the thyroid glands of the fetuses were recorded. This study highlights various developmental anomalies of the thyroid gland, thereby forming a corner stone to safe and effective surgery.
Keywords: :-Agenesis of isthmus, pyramidal lobe, variation lobes.
Research article:-
* BARNABAS, B. BANJI (M. Sc.), ALIYU, M. BABADOKO (Ph. D) , GBATE, MOHAMMED (M. Sc.) , OBI, U. PAULINE (B. Sc.) AND ATTAIRU, A. A. (HND).
1 Department of Science Laboratory Technology, P. M. B. 55, The Federal Polytechnic, Bida, Niger State, Nigeria.
Abstract:- Prevalence study of schistosomiasis and other intestinal helminthic infections was undertaken among school-aged children in Agaie, Agaie LGA of Niger State; between January, 2010 and September, 2011. Aim: The study is aimed at status assessment of these diseases in the Town and its environs. Base-line information could be useful in integrating the area into the National Schistosomiasis Control Initiative of Nigeria Federal Ministry of Health. Design/Materials and method: A total of 718 urine and stool samples were collected for microscopic examination. Concentration method was used to process the urine and stool samples. The data for this project work were analyzed using SPSS 10.0 version. The data were subjected to Pearson correlation coefficient test which measures the degree of relationship between two or more variables as well as the chi-square test of association. The proportion value of P > 0.01 was not significant while a value of P< 0.01 was significant. Result: The study showed an overall infection prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis to be 37.0%, and infection prevalence of other intestinal helminthiases to be 43.2%. The commonest intestinal helminth infection identified was Ascaris lumbricoides (13.8%). The overall prevalence of infections was higher among the males and age group 5-9 years. Conclusion: The study has shown a gloomy picture of infections of schistosomiasis and other intestinal helminthiases in Agaie and its environs. Recommendations: Although assessment of the medical and public health implications of these parasitic intestinal helminthic diseases were not part of the current study, there is urgent need for mass drug administration (MDA) in order to reduce the impacts of these diseases and reduce the potential of transmission in this local government area and the state in general.
Key Words:- Agaie, Children, Niger State, Nigeria, Prevalence; and Schistosomiasis.
Research article:-
*Eryılmaz Müjde1, Akın Ahmet2, Altanlar Nurten2
1Ph.D, 2Prof.Dr. Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.
Abstract:-Antiseptics are an essential part of infection control practices and aid in the prevention of nosocomial infections. The selection of the proper antimicrobial agent is a very crucial step before application. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of 2% chlorhexidine gluconate (2% CHG) and 10% povidone iodine (10% PVP-I) alone and in combination with 70% 2-propanol (70% 2-P) against nosocomial methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Enterococcus faecalis isolates. A total of 15 MRSA and 15 E. faecalis strains isolated from blood cultures of hospitalized patients as nosocomial infection agents in Ankara University, Faculty of Medicine, Ibn-i Sina Hospital, Ankara, Turkey were included in the study. Susceptibilities of the isolates to antiseptics were investigated by quantitative suspension test at 30 seconds contact time. All of the isolates were found susceptible to 2% CHG in 70% 2-P and 10% PVP-I in 70% 2-P. However, three MRSA and four E.faecalis isolates were found resistant to 2% CHG; three MRSA and three E.faecalis isolates were found resistant to 10% PVP-I . Our study has demonstrated that 2% CHG in 70% 2-P and 10% PVP-I in 70% 2-P provide a significantly better antimicrobial activity than 10% PVP-I and 2% CHG alone at 30 seconds contact time. According to the results, enhanced skin antisepsis may be achieved with 2% CHG in 70% 2-P or 10% PVP-I in 70% 2-P compared with the 2% CHG and 10% PVP-I alone.
Key Words:- Chlorhexidine gluconate, Povidone iodine, 2-propanol, Skin antisepsis.