DocumentsDate added
original research article:-
* Salah I. Kheder
Ph.D Pharmacology , National college of Medical & Techenical sciencies– Pharmacy program, Khartoum – Sudan, 3783 Khartoum.
Abstract: Background: Continuous surveillance of local antimicrobial susceptibility patterns is a must for combating antimicrobial resistance. WHONET5 software was recognized as analysis and surveillance tool for investigators. Objective: To analyze Ibn Sina hospital laboratory microbiological data by using WHONET5 software, and to acquire information about antimicrobial resistance of G +ve and G -ve strains among GIT and urology surgical wards. Method: The surveillance database from May 2008-May 2010 had been analyzed using WHONET5 software. We investigated the resistance for the hospital antimicrobial panel available. We evaluated the cross-resistance for the widely prescribed antibiotics pre & post-operatively (Ceftrixone, Co-amoxiclave, and Ciprofloxacin). Also the quarter time transition of resistance ratio and resistance profile had been carried for the hospital antibiotic panel used. Results: the data of 1681 samples were accumulated and analyzed. High resistance rates for antibiotic panel used in GIT and urology wards for G +ve and G -ve organisms were detected. The ratio of ceftrixone cross-resistance for G +ve organisms were 70.9% with amoxiclave and 70% for ciprofloxacin and for G –ve organisms were 78.3% &73.5% for amoxiclave and ciprofloxacin respectively. The rates of resistance was kept high and persistent over the quarter time periods and the phenotypes did not changed obviously for the sequential quarters. Conclusion: Resistant degree among hospital wards studied were very obvious and high. WHONET is an effective computerized microbiology laboratory data management and analysis program that can provide guidance for drug-policy decisions and preventive measures and can be used to investigate the impact of interventions.
Key Words: WHONET, Antimicrobial resistance, Surveillance, Sudanese hospitals.
Research article. *Navneet Kumar R. Singh1, Kiran Kalia2, Jagdish S. Patel3
1Shree P.M Patel College of Paramedical Science & Technology, Anand, Gujarat, India. 2Department of Bioscience, Sardar Patel University, Gujarat, India.
3P.D Patel Institute of Applied Sciences, CHARUST University, Changa, Gujarat, India.
Abstract:- Microorganism’s evolution towards resistance to antimicrobial drugs (Antibiotics), including multi-drug resistance, is unavoidable because it shows a particular aspect of the general evolution of microbes that is unstoppable. Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is an important cause of nosocomial infections worldwide. Between November; 2009 and April; 2010, 110 clinical specimens from patients and 110 nasal swabs from healthcare personnel of Anand hospital, Anand, West Gujarat were screened for the presence of MRSA & their antibiotic susceptibility test (AST) pattern. The overall prevalence rate of MRSA from clinical specimens is 16.27%.The MRSA prevalence rate in the healthcare personnel as carriage is 36.84%. Thus the prevalence rate of MRSA in the carriers is high compared to the clinical specimen. The anti microbial sensitivity pattern of isolated MRSA strain from patients and carriers shows highly resistant pattern to different antibiotics but the MRSA strain isolated from clinical specimens are sensitive to Co-trimoxazole (CT/25 mcg) & the MRSA strain isolated from carriers are sensitive to Tetracycline (TE/30 mcg). The high incidence of MRSA can be prevented by identifying and screening MRSA carrier inside high-risk wards and healthy health care personnel.
Key Words:- Multi-drug resistance, MRSA, Antibiotic susceptibility test.
Shubhangi M Pawar1, Sunil R Dhaneshwar2*
1Research and Development Centre in Pharmaceutical Sciences and Applied chemistry, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune, Maharashtra, India 411038. 2 Professor & Chairperson, Department of Pharm.Chemistry, RAK Medical & Health Sciences University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ras Al Khaimah Post Box No 11172 U.A.E.
Abstract:- This paper describes a sensitive, selective, precise and stability-indicating High Performance Thin Layer chromatographic method for the determination of paliperidone as a bulk drug and in formulation. The method uses aluminium plates precoated with silica gel 60F-254 as the stationary phase and solvent system ethyl acetate: toluene: ammonia 6:1:0.5 (v/v/v). Paliperidone was subjected to acid and alkali hydrolysis, oxidation, and photo degradation. The peaks of the degradation products were well resolved from that of the pure drug and had significantly different Rf values. The linear regression analysis data for the calibration plots showed a good linear relationship over concentration range of 150-1500 ng.spot-1. The mean values of the correlation coefficient, slope, and intercept were 0.9993 ± 0.09, 5.6432 ± 0.126, and 1097.5 ± 1.14, respectively. Statistical analysis showed that the method is repeatable, selective and can separate the drug from its degradation products and can be used to monitor stability.
Keywords:- High performance thin layer chromatography, Paliperidone, Validation, Stability indicating, Degradation.
Research article:-
N. Pavithra1, L. Sathish 2, K. Ananda*3
1,2 Research Scholar, Department of Biological Sciences, Poornaprajna Institute of Scientific Research, Devanahalli, Bangalore- 562110, Karnataka, India.
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Biological Sciences, Poornaprajna Institute of Scientific Research, Devanahalli, Bangalore- 562110, Karnataka, India.
Abstract:- A study was carried out to isolate endophytic fungi from Ocimum species (Tulsi) and to assess their antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Mycobacterium smegmatis, Salmonella typhimurium, Candida albicans and Penicillium chrysogenum and production of enzymes such as amylase, protease and tyrosinase. In this study forty endophytic fungi were isolated from leaves and branches of Tulsi. Out of forty endophytic fungal isolates, six isolates showed the inhibition activity against test microorganisms done by dual culture method. The isolate P14T1 exhibited a high antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans (22mm). The crude extract of P13T5 isolate showed highest zone of inhibition against Pseudomonas aeroginosa (21mm) by well and disc diffusion method. 50% of fungal isolates found positive for amylase and protease enzymes production and 27.5% showed positive for tyrosinase. The results of the study suggest that endophytic fungi associated with Tulsi are potential agents for antimicrobial activity and production of enzyme.
Key Words:- antimicrobial activity, enzymes, endophytic fungi, Tulsi.
Original research article:-
Ritu Gupta.1,Sanjay Porwal.2*, Madhusudan Swarnkar.3, Neelam Sharma.4, Priyanka Maheshwari.5
1,4M.S.Assistant Professor,5S.R.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , 2M.S. Assistant Professor, Department of Surgery, 3Assistant Professor,Department of P.S.M, S.R.G. Hospital and Medical College, Jhalawar ,Rajasthan, India.
Abstract:- Background: Ectopic pregnancy occurs at a rate of about 1-2% of pregnancies and can occur in any sexually active woman of reproductive age. The incidence has been increasing for years and currently two to three times higher than it was 20 or 25 years ago. Objective: To assess the Incidence and Trends of ectopic pregnancy in a tertiary care hospital of Rajasthan and to evaluate the relevance of the risk factors assossiated with it.
Methods: A retrospective study was designed to assess frequency of ectopic pregnancy and to evaluate the relevance of the known risk factors in 3 years period in Jhalawar Medical College. All the datas were collected from case record of patients and determined and charted in an excel sheet. Simple frequencies and percentages were obtained for various variables. Result: The incidence of ectopic pregnancy was 2.46 per thousand of deliveries. Maximum (72.5%) cases were in the age group of 21 to 30 years and most of cases (40%) were nulliparous. About half (47.5%) of cases were suffering from pelvic inflammatory disease. The commonest site of ectopic pregnancy was in ampullo-isthmic region (82.5%).All patients underwent exploratory laparotomy. Majority (45%) underwent total salpingectomy while fallopian tubes were conserved in a few (7.5%) of cases. No mortality encountered in this series. Conclusion: By identifying the risk factors and catching the patient by ultrasonographic examination at the earliest at 6 weeks, it is possible to improve the prognosis to reduce the morbidity and mortality assossiated with ectopic pregnancy.
Keywords:- Ectopic pregnancy, Exploratory laparotomy, Primigravida, Fallopian tubes, Ultrasonography, Pelvic inflammatory disease.