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Research article. *Navneet Kumar R. Singh1, Kiran Kalia2, Jagdish S. Patel3
1Shree P.M Patel College of Paramedical Science & Technology, Anand, Gujarat, India. 2Department of Bioscience, Sardar Patel University, Gujarat, India.
3P.D Patel Institute of Applied Sciences, CHARUST University, Changa, Gujarat, India.
Abstract:- Microorganism’s evolution towards resistance to antimicrobial drugs (Antibiotics), including multi-drug resistance, is unavoidable because it shows a particular aspect of the general evolution of microbes that is unstoppable. Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is an important cause of nosocomial infections worldwide. Between November; 2009 and April; 2010, 110 clinical specimens from patients and 110 nasal swabs from healthcare personnel of Anand hospital, Anand, West Gujarat were screened for the presence of MRSA & their antibiotic susceptibility test (AST) pattern. The overall prevalence rate of MRSA from clinical specimens is 16.27%.The MRSA prevalence rate in the healthcare personnel as carriage is 36.84%. Thus the prevalence rate of MRSA in the carriers is high compared to the clinical specimen. The anti microbial sensitivity pattern of isolated MRSA strain from patients and carriers shows highly resistant pattern to different antibiotics but the MRSA strain isolated from clinical specimens are sensitive to Co-trimoxazole (CT/25 mcg) & the MRSA strain isolated from carriers are sensitive to Tetracycline (TE/30 mcg). The high incidence of MRSA can be prevented by identifying and screening MRSA carrier inside high-risk wards and healthy health care personnel.
Key Words:- Multi-drug resistance, MRSA, Antibiotic susceptibility test.
Research article:-
* Professor Muralidhara DV1, Mahadeva Rao US 2, Swethadri GK 2
1 PhD (Physiology), Associate Professor, PhD (Biochemistry),
2 Professor, MD (Pathology) , Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia.
Abstract:- The obesity pandemic has spread to a large part of the world and its health related issues are quite serious. However, excess body fat does not always indicate greater health risks or its absence does not guarantee the lack of risks. Thus, some of the generalizations made about body weight and health have been dismissed. In this context, two important subgroups of obesity have been identified, referred to as metabolically healthy but obese (uncomplicated obesity) and metabolically obese but normal weight as compared to the well recognized metabolically abnormal obesity. Newer understandings on these two variants of obesity are discussed here as it would be interesting to both academicians and clinicians in several ways.
Key Words:- Metabolically normal obese, metabolically obese normal weight, obesity.
Research article:- Purnima Dey Sarkar1, Gopinath Agnihotram2, Lincy K.Skaria3
1Professor & Head, Department of Biochemistry, M.G.M. Medical College, Indore, M.P, India. 2Demonstrator,3 Assistant professor, Department of Biochemistry, Govt. Medical College, Jagdalpur, Chhattisgarh, India.
Abstract: Objective:- The present study aims to investigate regular liver function tests with serum iron and its associated parameters in sickle cell disease patients to understand their clinical significance in relation to transfusion with evaluating the prevalence and morbidity patterns of liver dysfunction in the people of Tribal rich Bastar region. Methods: The present study was conducted at Govt.Medical College, Jagdalpur and comprised of 190(86.36%) patients with an established diagnosis of sickle cell disease, of which 60(27.27%) were diagnosed as sickle cell heterozygous (HbSC) and among them 18(8.18%) were having β-Thalassemia and remaining 130(59.10%) patients were with homozygous sickle cell (HbSS) disease, among them 70(31.81%) are classified in to 4 different groups based on their type of liver disorder like Viral Hepatitis(n=20,9.09%),Cirrhosis due to Iron overload (n=15,6.81%), Sickle cell Hepatopathy (n=20,9.09%), Cholelithiasis and Choledocholithiasis (n=15,6.81%), along with this patient population we have taken 30(13.63%) Age and Sex matched healthy persons as controls. Results: MCV and RDW-CV levels were significantly high (p<0.001), RBC and PCV are significantly low(p<0.001) in sickle cell disease. AST, ALT, ALP(p<0.001) and GGT (p<0.001)are elevated in all types of liver dysfunction. LDH (p<0.05) was positively correlated (r=0.3840) with increased levels of serum bilirubin (p<0.001) serum iron and ferritin (p<0.1), Transferrin and Total Iron Binding Capacity (p<0.1) are not statistically significant except in cirrhosis due to iron over load. Conclusion: By this we concluded that the prevalence of liver dysfunction in sickle cell disease population is high in Bastar population, compared to other regions of India and the indication criteria for chelation therapy was advised to reduced from serum ferrritin >3000ng/ml and hepatic iron content >7-9mg/gm.dry weight to >2000ng/ml and 5-7mg/gm.dry weight, respectively in our population.
Keywords:- sickle cell disease, sickle cell trait, Sickle Cell Hepatopathy, Liver Biopsy, TIBC, Hepatic Iron Content.
Research article:-
N. Pavithra1, L. Sathish 2, K. Ananda*3
1,2 Research Scholar, Department of Biological Sciences, Poornaprajna Institute of Scientific Research, Devanahalli, Bangalore- 562110, Karnataka, India.
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Biological Sciences, Poornaprajna Institute of Scientific Research, Devanahalli, Bangalore- 562110, Karnataka, India.
Abstract:- A study was carried out to isolate endophytic fungi from Ocimum species (Tulsi) and to assess their antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Mycobacterium smegmatis, Salmonella typhimurium, Candida albicans and Penicillium chrysogenum and production of enzymes such as amylase, protease and tyrosinase. In this study forty endophytic fungi were isolated from leaves and branches of Tulsi. Out of forty endophytic fungal isolates, six isolates showed the inhibition activity against test microorganisms done by dual culture method. The isolate P14T1 exhibited a high antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans (22mm). The crude extract of P13T5 isolate showed highest zone of inhibition against Pseudomonas aeroginosa (21mm) by well and disc diffusion method. 50% of fungal isolates found positive for amylase and protease enzymes production and 27.5% showed positive for tyrosinase. The results of the study suggest that endophytic fungi associated with Tulsi are potential agents for antimicrobial activity and production of enzyme.
Key Words:- antimicrobial activity, enzymes, endophytic fungi, Tulsi.
original research article:-
* Salah I. Kheder
Ph.D Pharmacology , National college of Medical & Techenical sciencies– Pharmacy program, Khartoum – Sudan, 3783 Khartoum.
Abstract: Background: Continuous surveillance of local antimicrobial susceptibility patterns is a must for combating antimicrobial resistance. WHONET5 software was recognized as analysis and surveillance tool for investigators. Objective: To analyze Ibn Sina hospital laboratory microbiological data by using WHONET5 software, and to acquire information about antimicrobial resistance of G +ve and G -ve strains among GIT and urology surgical wards. Method: The surveillance database from May 2008-May 2010 had been analyzed using WHONET5 software. We investigated the resistance for the hospital antimicrobial panel available. We evaluated the cross-resistance for the widely prescribed antibiotics pre & post-operatively (Ceftrixone, Co-amoxiclave, and Ciprofloxacin). Also the quarter time transition of resistance ratio and resistance profile had been carried for the hospital antibiotic panel used. Results: the data of 1681 samples were accumulated and analyzed. High resistance rates for antibiotic panel used in GIT and urology wards for G +ve and G -ve organisms were detected. The ratio of ceftrixone cross-resistance for G +ve organisms were 70.9% with amoxiclave and 70% for ciprofloxacin and for G –ve organisms were 78.3% &73.5% for amoxiclave and ciprofloxacin respectively. The rates of resistance was kept high and persistent over the quarter time periods and the phenotypes did not changed obviously for the sequential quarters. Conclusion: Resistant degree among hospital wards studied were very obvious and high. WHONET is an effective computerized microbiology laboratory data management and analysis program that can provide guidance for drug-policy decisions and preventive measures and can be used to investigate the impact of interventions.
Key Words: WHONET, Antimicrobial resistance, Surveillance, Sudanese hospitals.