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Research article:- Biotechnology
* Verma Alpika ,Feroz Nadia, Verma Vipul, Rastogi Meenal, Shukla Neha.
Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Lucknow, India.
Abstract:- Bacteria are present everywhere in the environment..The aim of the present study is to isolate the air borne bacteria & to check their inhibition by natural plant extracts of Lemon leaves(Citrus limon), Tea leaves(Camelia sinensis) and Ashoka leaves(Saraca asoca). Air borne bacteria were isolated from the Amity University Lucknow campus & were also characterized. Antimicrobial activity was checked using well diffusion method. Plant extracts were prepared from Acetone, Propanol, Methanol & Water. Methanol extract [1] of Saraca asoca was found to be most active against gram positive, anaerobic bacteria giving zone of inhibition of 20mm. It was also found that water extract of Citrus limon was most effective against gram negative, endospore producing, anaerobic bacteria with zone of inhibition of 17mm.
Keywords:- Citrus limon ,Camelia sinensis ,Saraca asoca, well diffusion, zone of inhibition, airborne bacteria.
Original research article:-
* Oluwamodupe Emmanuel Giwa1* and Tesleem A. Ibrahim2
1Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Rufus Giwa Polytechnic P.M.B. 1019 Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria.
2Department of Food Science Technology, Rufus Giwa Polytechnic P.M.B. 1019 Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria.
Abstract:- Wheat flour was used to substitute mushroom flour at the ratio of 70:30, 50:50, 30:70 and with spices (Alllium sativum) which concentration range from 5g, 10g, and 15g respectively. The cookies prepared without wheat flour and mushroom flour serves as positive control. The spread ratios were determined with a meter role. Total viable count, Staphylococcus, Bacillus and colliform count were determine using standard microbiological method and the effect of spices (Alllium sativum) concentration was measured. Consumer preference or otherwise are also determine using a taste panel list. The main quality score of microbial count of the cookies ranges at, 70:30 (1.0x103, 8.0x102 and 6.0x102 cfu for total viable count) (1.5x103, 1.2.x103 and 9.0x102 cfu for fungal count) (1.6x103, 1.2x103 and 1.0x103 cfu for Bacillus count) (1.7x103, 1.6x103, and 1.4x103 cfu for Staphylococcus count) (no count for colliform). At the range of 50:50 (1.3x103, 1.0x103 and 8.0x102 cfu for total viable count) (1.3x103, 1.0x103 and 8.0x102 cfu for Bacillus) (1.85x103,1.65x103 and 1.50x103 cfu for Staphylococcus count). At the range of 30:70 (2.0x103, 1.5x103 and 1.0x103 cfu for total viable) (1.1x103, 9.0x102 and 7.0x102 cfu for fungi count) (1.85x103, 1.50x103, and 1.20x103 cfu for Bacillus count) ( 2.0x103, 1.6x103 and 1.0x103 cfu for Staphylococcus count). The physical quality parameter indicates a range of spread ratio 70:30; 1.283x103, 1.266x103 and 1.250x103, 50:50, (1.250x103, 1.216x103 and 1.183x103). As the spice concentration increases in the order of 5g, 10g and 15g respectively. The main quality sensory score of the cookies ranges of 70:30, colour (5.0, 4.5 and 4.0), flavour (5.0, 4.5 and 4.0), taste (4.5, 4.0 and 3.5), overall acceptability (5.0, 4.0 and 3.5). The range of 50:50, colour (4.5, 4.0 and 3.5), flavour, (4.5, 4.0 and 4.0), taste (3.5, 3.0 and 3.0), overall acceptability (4.0, 3.5 and 3.5).At the range of 30:70, colour (4.0. 3.0 and 2.5), flavour (3.0, 3.0 and 3.0), taste (3.0, 3.0 and 3.0), overall acceptability (3.5, 3.0 and 3.0).
Keywords:- Alllium sativum, Colliform, Cookies, Termitomyces robustus, Wheat flour, composite flour.
Research article:-
Ms. K. Amrutha veena*, M Phil and Dr. S. Kowsalya, PhD
Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Avinashilingam University for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore - 641 043. India.
Abstract:- Background: There is a paucity of data regarding the micronutrient status of adolescents in Ramanathapuram district of Tamil Nadu. Aim: To evaluate the nutritional status and prevalence of micronutrient deficiency among adolescents in Ramanathapuram district of Tamilnadu. Design: Community based cross-sectional study. SETTING: Seven taluks of Ramanathapuram district, Tamil Nadu. Materials and methods: A total of 2800 infants (less than one year of age) comprising of 1400 male and 1400 female infants from all the seven taluks of Ramanathapuram district were selected at random. Anthropometric parameters such as weight, height, head circumference, arm circumference and chest circumference were measured using standardized procedures. They were clinically examined for the manifestation of deficiency signs of various micronutrientsBiochemical estimation of serum haemoglobin, vitamin A and urinary iodine were done for 5% of the adolescents. Results: Majority of the subjects belonged to lower socio-economic status and very few belonged to the high income group. Morbidities such as fever, diarrhoea and cough/cold were common among the adolescents. Clinical signs and symptoms of micronutrients deficiency were also prevalent. Mean haemoglobin levels were below normal indicating sub-clinical signs of deficiency. Conclusion: Micronutrients deficiency is still evident among the study population and intervention strategies are the need of the hour.
Keywords:-Adolescents, deficiency, Iodine ,Iron, micronutrient, vitamin A.
Research article:-
* Shopana Mohanarji1,2, Sudhahar Dharmalingam1,2, Anandarajagopal Kalusalingam1,2
1School of Pharmacy and Applied Science, La Trobe University, Bendigo, Victoria 3552, Australia. 2Faculty of Pharmacy, Masterskill University College of Health Sciences, Batu 9, Cheras 43200, Selangor, Malaysia.
Abstract:- Over the decades, natural source has become an important essence to discover new antimicrobial compounds to control the dramatic increase of infectious disease. In this present study, petroleum ether, chloroform, methanol, and water extracts of Lignosus rhinocerus sclerotium were obtained. All the extracts were screened for their antibacterial and antifungal activities against gram positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Bacillus cereus, Stapyhlococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus pyogenes, Strepococcus viridans, Micrococcus luteus, gram negative bacteria such as Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella typhi, Entorobacter aerogenes, Vibro cholera, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serratia marcescens, Proteus hauseri and fungi such as Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, Candida krusei and Mucor racemosus by disc diffusion method. Antibacterial and antifungal activities of these extracts were assessed by measuring diameter of zone of inhibition and the results were compared with standard antibiotics, Amoxicillin (10µg/disc) and Fluconazole (30µg/disc) respectively. From these findings, the extracts of Lignosus rhinocerus indicated that plant possess significant antimicrobial activity against tested microbes, which could be a potential source to modern medicine to treat microbial infections.
Keywords:- Lignosus rhinocerus, Mushroom, Antibacterial, Antifungal, Disc diffusion.
Original article:-
*Onyesom. I1, Osioma. E1, Ighodayenowho. O.K.2
1Department of Medical Biochemistry, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria.
2Department of Biochemistry, University of Ilorin, Nigeria.
Abstract:- Cigarette smoke is reported to contain free radicals. These free radicals interact with the body defense system and associated health risk among Nigerian smokers have remained scarcely investigated despite the high numbers of smokers in our society. This study thus, investigates the serum total antioxidant capacity of some Nigerian cigarette smokers in apparent good health and who have smoked between 1-4 sticks of cigarette/day for about 1-3 years. Twenty(20) consenting smokers between 19 and 45 years consisting of fifteen (15) males and 5 females were recruited after examination to certify their apparent good health. Twenty (20) non-smokers, matched in age and sex were included as control subjects. Serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was higher in male non-smokers (1.92±0.22mM) when compared with their female counterparts (1.88±0.16mM). Among smokers, the males subjects showed a decreased TAC (Male: 1.45±0.23mM and female; 1.65±0.16mM) with a strong statistical difference between the TAC of smokers and non-smokers (t=2.095, n=20 and P≤0.05). Data suggest lower oxidant defense and hence, increased susceptibility to free radical associated diseases especially among the male smokers. Concerted efforts should be made by governmental agents to enforce legislation that could reduce the rate of smoking. Campaigns should also be initiated to educate the lay public on the dangers of cigarette smoking.
Keywords:- Cigarette, Free radicals, Anti-oxidant, Smokers, Cancer.